• 복식문화연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.514-527
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• 2006

It can be said that the ultimate goal of advertising is creating consumers' buying intention and buying behavior toward advertised goods. But literature suggests that ads have both intended and unintended consequences, and one of the unintended consequences is that the idealized images of physical attractiveness found in advertising have negative impact on girls' and womens' self-perceptions. Thus, this study, using social comparison theory as a framework, was designed to investigate the influences of the images of models in ads portrayed in TV and fashion magazines on the purchasing intention, self-esteem and body satisfaction of college women. Using an experimental stimulus, a moving picture representing thin and attractive models in the context of advertising fashion goods, two conditions were manipulated and the subjects were placed into one of two groups randomly, the experiment group and the control group. The experiment group only was exposed to the ads portraying highly attractive models. Data were collected from two groups using same questionnaire. The data were analyzed using t-test, two-way ANOVA, and descriptive statistics. The findings were as follows: 1. The thin and attractive image of models in ads on buying intention had significant positive influence on buying intention(p<.05). 2. The thin and attractive image of models in ads had significant negative influences on self-esteem(p<.05). 3. The thin and attractive image of models in ads had significant negative influence on body satisfaction(p<.05). 4. The ideal body internalization had significant negative influences on body satisfaction(p<.05), but interaction effect of model's image and ideal body internalization on body satisfaction was not significant.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of education of hospice for nurses on concern and coping about death and dying. Methods: The subjects of this study were 33 Korean nurses who participated in the education of hospice which consisted of lectures and practices for 5 months. Data were collected using questionnaire of concern and coping about Death and Dying. Data were analyzed with the mean, SDs and Wilcoxen test. Results: The mean score of concern about death and dying was 7.03. The highest items of concern about death and dying were 'thoughts of physical pain and being, 'thoughts of suffocating and choking, 'fear of darkness', The lowest items of concern about death and dying were. 'thoughts of burglars invading my possessions', 'rejection by God', thoughts of no one attending funeral', 'thoughts of no one paying respect or tribute', The mean score of coping about death and dying was 11.37. The highest items of coping about death and dying were 'call family member(s) into room and ask them ti sit close by, reminisce on happy events of the past, tell myself that there is nothing to be afraid of, look at family picture albums'. The lowest items of coping about death and dying were 'stay up stay up late till ready to fall asleep', 'look at family heirlooms', 'phone a prayer line', 'ask for a snack or something to drink'. In concern and coping about death and dying, significant differences were not found between pre and post test. But there was a tendency to decrease concern and increase coping about death and dying after education of hospice. Conclusion: According to these results, it is needed for nurses not only to do research for concern and coping about death and dying but also to develop an education program.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2024

The research involved children and parents of primary school-aged children with cognitive development disorder, as well as scientific and pedagogical workers who organized the psychological and pedagogical principles for organizing distance learning. The purpose of the research lies in establishing how effectively children, parents and their teachers cope with online distance learning during the pandemic, as well as investigating the extent to which such educational technology affects the emotional and behavioural state of the child. The research methodology is based on complexity. In the course of the research, the method of pedagogical experiment was used; observation and questionnaire methods were also introduced; the descriptive method, analysis and synthesis were used to review the theoretical material. The hypothesis lies in the fact that distance online education increases academic difficulties, changes the behavioural and emotional picture of a child with cognitive development disorder; consequently, the behaviour and emotional background will be limited by certain parameters, and this requires the active involvement of parents and teachers in the distance work process. The results of the research have revealed that distance education causes a number of restrictions for children with cognitive development disorder, namely: concentration of attention has decreased, anxiety has increased, and sleep has worsened. Behavioural changes predicted increased restlessness and aggression. Parents and teachers have had methodological, academic and everyday difficulties; all participants in the educational process have been more limited in the conditions of online distance learning. difficulties and improving the behaviour and emotional states of all participants in the educational process.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to conduct a summative evaluation of the usability of a general-purpose ventilator to determine whether it can be used for its intended purpose in the intended environment by the intended user and to find possible errors in use. The importance of ventilators has increased due to the accelerated aging of the population and the impact of the pandemic. In addition, patients who require ventilators are often in critical condition, so even a small error in use can be fatal. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the ventilator has sufficient stability and can be used satisfactorily without inconvenience to the user. In this study, we conducted a usability test with 17 respiratory nurses with more than 3 years of experience using the ventilator. We analyzed the task success rate, satisfaction, and opinions of the intended users while going through a total of 17 scenarios. Satisfaction was captured through an ASQ questionnaire and subjective opinions were captured through a detailed opinion questionnaire. The results showed a high level of satisfaction with an average score of 6.3 for the use scenarios. Evaluators expressed satisfaction with the overall visibility and versatility of the features, but noted that improvements were needed for calibration tasks with low task success rates. As the calibration method is different from other equipment, it was suggested that specific explanations of the calibration method and the picture that appears when calibrating are needed, and that if relevant training is provided, the equipment can be used without problems. If the usability evaluation is not limited to securing efficiency and satisfaction from the intended users, but also continuously receives feedback from users to prepare for use in emergency environments such as pandemic situations, it will be very helpful to seize opportunities such as emergency authorization in future situations, and ultimately contribute to patient safety by reducing use errors.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2009

목적: 이 연구는 $^{18}F$-FDG Positron Emission Tomography/computed Tomography(PET/CT) 영상 검사의 병원간 전송을 위해 사용되는 CD자료의 현황과 문제점에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2006년 6월부터 2007년 10월까지 외부 병원에서 시행한 $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT 검사에 대한 판독 의뢰가 있었던 746명의 환자들을 대상으로 하여, 56개의 병원 PET/CT영상 CD자료에 대해서 조사하였다. 그리고 DICOM표준 형식의 횡단면(transaxial) PET과 CT 영상이 없거나 제한적인 병원들을 대상으로 각 병원의 핵의학과 과장님들께 인터넷 메일을 통해 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 결과: 조사된 병원 전체의 37.5%(21/56)만이 정확한 판독과 진료를 위해 필요한 DICOM 표준 형식의 횡단면 전체 PET 영상과 CT 영상 모두를 제공해 주고 있었다. 나머지 병원들에서는 이차적인 캡쳐(secondary capture image) 영상 또는 PET/CT 융합 영상(fusion image)만으로 구성된 제한적인 영상 자료를 제공해 주고 있었다. 설문조사에는 14개의 병원에서 답변해주었는데 그 중 6개(42.9%) 병원의 핵의 학과에서는 제한적인 영상을 보낸다는 사실을 본 연구의 설문 조사 전에는 제대로 알지 못하고 있었다 나머지 병원들에서 PET/CT 영상 CD자료의 구성이 제한적이게 된 주된 이유는 의료영상저장전송장치(PACS, Picture Archiving and Communication System)의 용량상의 문제로 온전히 모든 PET/CT 영상을 PACS서버에 올리지 않는데, 환자는 PACS에 올라가 있는 영상만 복사해가기 때문이었다. 결론: 현재 각 병원들에서 외부 병원으로 복사하여 보내는 PET/CT영상 자료 CD는 전체 대상 병원의 절반 이상에서 제한적인 영상만을 포함하고 있어서, 외부 병원 영상을 받아서 환자 진료에 이용하는 병원에서는 제한된 영상 정보로 인한 PET/CT 검사의 판독 및 활용 상에 어려움, 재촬영에 따른 추가 의료비 지출이 상당한 문제가 되고 있다. 각 병원들에서 외부 병원으로 보내는 PET/CT 영상 자료에는 DICOM 표준 형식의 전체 횡단면 PET 영상과 전체 횡단면 CT 영상은 최소한 필수적으로 포함시키도록 하는 정부와 학회 차원에서의 PET/CT 영상에 대한 가이드라인 마련이 필요하다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 3.0 Tesla 기능적 자기공명영상법(function magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI)을 이용하여 자연과 도시풍경의 시각 자극에 따른 대뇌중추의 활성화 영역의 차이점을 규명하고, 아울러 대뇌 부위별 활성화 양상의 차이점을 정량적으로 분석하여 자연과 도시의 생활환경을 인체친화성과 관련하여 신경해부학적 측면에서 연구하고자 하였다. 오른손잡이 정상인 27명(평균 $27.3{\pm}3.7$세)을 대상으로 3.0T MRI를 사용하여 기능적 자기공명영상을 얻었다. 대뇌의 활성화를 유도하기 위한 시각 자극 패러다임은 3번의 휴지기와 2번의 활성기로 구성되어 있고, 각각의 휴지기와 활성기 지속시간은 30초와 120초로 하였다. 전체 피험자 27예의 설문결과를 바탕으로 자연풍경을 선호한 26예와 도시풍경을 비선호한 14예를 두 그룹으로 나눈 후 활성화 양상을 비교하였다. 자연과 도시풍경 간의 대뇌 활성화 양상을 비교한 결과, 도시풍경에 비하여 자연풍경을 보았을 때 유의한 수준(p<0.05)에서 활성화를 보인 영역은 뇌섬엽, 중전두회, 설전부, 미상핵, 상두정회, 상후두회, 방추상회, 창백핵이었으며, 도시풍경에서는 하전두회, 해마방회, 중심후회, 상측두회, 편도체, 후대상회 영역에서 우세한 활성화가 관찰되었다. 자연풍경에서는 도시풍경에 비해 주로 긍정적 정서와 관련된 영역에서 활성화가 나타난 반면, 도시풍경에서는 두려움, 공포, 불쾌감을 느낄 때 반응하는 편도체와 같은 부정적 정서와 관련된 영역에서 활성화가 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 3.0T 기능적 자기공명영상법 이용하여 자연과 도시풍경의 시각 자극에 따른 대뇌중추의 활성화 양상의 차이점을 신경해부학적인 측면에서 정성 정량적으로 평가할 수 있었고, 이러한 결과는 인간이 본능적으로 느낄 수 있는 희로애락의 감정에 따른 대뇌 활성화와 관련하여 생태환경의 인체 친화성과 쾌적성에 대한 객관적인 평가 지표로서 응용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.215-229
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• 2007

Objectives : Placebo phenomena have been considered as a confounding factor of clinical trial. Expectancy and belief of acupuncture have not been evaluated quantitatively. The present study was performed to analyze the emotional and cognitive factor .of acupuncture and investigate whether the expectancy of acupuncture treatment is associated with the cognition of acupuncture. Methods : The expectancy and the perception of bodily sensation (PBS) of 22 participants were assessed using self-reported questionnaire. The subjects used the self assessment manikin (SAM) to rate each of the standard affective image of the international affective picture system (lAPS) and other acupuncture-related image. Based on the degree of expectancy, the high expectant (HE) and the low expectant (LE) group were classified. The thermal and pressure pain threshold was objectively evaluated using radiant-heat device and algometer. The degree of expected pain of acupuncture and the actual pain of painful stimulation was subjectively evaluated using facial pain scales (FPS). Results : Using SAlVI analysis, we identified the negative correlation between hedonic valence and arousal dimension on acupuncture-related visual cue. The degree of the PBS and general pain threshold did not show any significant difference between the HE and the LE group. The HE group rated the acupuncture images as more pleasant, more arousing, than the LE group. In addition, we also found that the higher expectancy marked the lower FPS of the expected pain of acupuncture, but not of the actual pain of painful stimulation. Conclusions : Our preliminary study identified the psychological dimensions of acupuncture-related visual cue. These findings indicate that the expectancy of acupuncture could affect the cognition of acupuncture.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in Malaysia. A diagnosis is very stressful for women, affecting all aspects of their being and quality of life. As such, there is little information on quality of life of women with breast cancer across the different ethnic groups in Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of life in Malay and Chinese women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in Kelantan. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study involved 58 Malays and 15 Chinese women newly diagnosed with breast cancer prior to treatment. Quality of life was measured using the Malay version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and its breast-specific module (QLQ-BR23). Socio-demographic and clinical data were also collected. All the data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Most of the women were married with at least a secondary education and were in late stages of breast cancer. The Malay women had lower incomes (p=0.046) and more children (p=0.001) when compared to the Chinese women. Generally, both the Malay and Chinese women had good functioning quality-of-life scores [mean score range: 60.3-84.8 (Malays); 65.0-91.1 (Chinese)] and global quality of life [mean score 60.3, SD 22.2 (Malays); mean score 65.0, SD 26.6 (Chinese)]. The Malay women experienced more symptoms such as nausea and vomiting (p=0.002), dyspnoea (p=0.004), constipation (p<0.001) and breast-specific symptoms (p=0.041) when compared to the Chinese. Conclusions: Quality of life was satisfactory in both Malays and Chinese women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in Kelantan. However, Malay women had a lower quality of life due to high general as well as breast-specific symptoms. This study finding underlined the importance of measuring quality of life in the newly diagnosed breast cancer patient, as it will provide a broader picture on how a cancer diagnosis impacts multi-ethnic patients. Once health care professionals understand this, they might then be able to determine how to best support and improve the quality of life of these women during the difficult times of their disease and on-going cancer treatments.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.85-108
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 전통적인 증명 지도 방안의 대안으로 Freudenthal의 안내된 재발명 원리를 적용한 증명 지도 방안을 개발 적용하여 안내된 재발명 원리에 토대를 둔 증명 지도 방안이 중학교 2학년 학생들의 증명 능력 및 증명 학습 태도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 조사하였다. 안내된 재발명 원리를 적용한 증명 지도는 다양한 활동을 통해 학생들 스스로 명제를 만들어 보고 증명해 보는 경험을 제공하는데 주안점을 두었다. 본 연구 결과, 안내된 재발명 원리를 적용한 증명 지도 방안으로 학습한 실험반과 교사의 설명에 의존하는 전통적인 증명 지도 방안으로 학습한 비교반이 사후 증명 능력 검사에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보여주었다. 특히, 사후 증명 능력 검사 문항 중 그림이 제시되지 않고 완전한 증명 과정을 요구하는 문항에서 두 집단 사이에 큰 차이가 발견되었고 비교반의 무응답 비율이 실험반보다 현저히 높게 나타났다. 또한, 증명 학습 태도 검사에서는 실험반 학생들이 비교반 학생들보다 증명 학습에 대해서 상대적으로 더 긍정적인 태도를 갖고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한조현병학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2021

Objectives: Social function deficit is known as a core feature of schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate differences in empathic tendencies and theory of mind (ToM) skills between healthy controls and young individuals with schizophrenia, and to examine the associations between empathic tendencies, ToM skills and schizotypy, and executive function in schizophrenia. Methods: Thirty patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls were enrolled and assessed using the interpersonal relationship index (IRI; perspective taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress subscales), ToM-Picture Story Task (ToM-PST; sequence and cognitive questionnaire), Wisconsin schizotypy scale (revised physical anhedonia and perceptual aberration), and Stroop tests for empathic tendencies, ToM skills, schizotypy, and executive function. Results: In individuals with schizophrenia, the IRI for perspective taking and ToM-PST score for cognitive function were lower, and the IRI for personal distress was higher than those in healthy controls. The IRIs for perspective taking and fantasy were related to revised physical anhedonia, and that for empathic concern was associated with revised physical anhedonia and perceptual aberration. The ToM-PST score for sequence was associated with the Stroop test score for schizophrenia. Conclusion: These findings indicate deficits in empathic tendencies and ToM skills, which may be independently and primarily associated with schizotypy and executive function in young individuals with schizophrenia.