• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2015

We report a case of a 55-year-old man who diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer (AGC), with A review of the literature. A 55-year old man was transferred to our hospital for further evaluation and treatment after being diagnosed with adenocarcinoma through endoscopic biopsy during a regular health examination. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed AGC, stage IIA (T3N3M0), while an endoscopic examination showed AGC, Borrmann type 2. The patient is currently under observation after undergoing radical subtotal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy and subsequent administration of oral chemotherapeutic agents. As an abdominal CT response assessment performed after surgery revealed new metastasis to the liver, the patient received palliative chemotherapy as progressive disease was suspected. After receiving chemotherapy in the order of FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil (5-FU)) + Leucovorin + Oxaliplatin), FOLFIRI (5-FU + Leucovorin + Irinotecan), EAP-II (Etoposide + Doxorubicin + Cisplatin), ELF (Etoposide + Leucovorin + 5-FU), TS-1 (Tegafur + Gimeracil) + Cisplatin, an abdominal CT response assessment showed progressive disease for which the regimen was altered to PFL (Paclitaxel + 5-FU + Leucovorin). The patient has currently completed his second cycle of chemotherapy and after an abdominal CT response assessment, further course of therapy will be decided.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.529-538
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• 2023

At the present time when the need for universal artificial intelligence education is expanding and job changes are being made, research and discussion on artificial intelligence liberal arts education for non-majors in universities who experience artificial intelligence as part of their job is insufficient. Although artificial intelligence education courses for non-majors are being operated, they are mainly operated as theory-oriented education on the concepts and principles of artificial intelligence. In order to understand the general concept of artificial intelligence for non-majors, it is necessary to proceed with experiential learning in parallel. Therefore, this study designs artificial intelligence experiential education learning contents of difficulty that can reduce the burden of artificial intelligence classes with interest in learning by considering the characteristics of non-majors. After, we will examine the learning effect of experiential education using App Inventor and the Orange artificial intelligence platform. As a result of analysis based on the learning-related data and survey data collected through the creation of AI-related projects by teams, positive changes in the perception of the need for AI education were found, and AI literacy skills improved. It is expected that it will serve as an opportunity for instructors to lay the groundwork for designing a learning model for artificial intelligence experiential education learning.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2020

This study investigated the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence reactions of three Ardisia genus grown under various indoor light intensity conditions with the aim of evaluating their suitability as indoor plants. Young seedlings of A. crispa (Thunb.) A.DC., A. pusilla DC., and A. japonica (Thunb.) Blume were used in the experiment. The plants were cultivated indoors for 10 weeks under different light intensities: 10, 50, 100, and 200 PPFD (μmol·m^-2·s^-1), and their growth was compared with that of plants cultivated in a greenhouse during the same period (mean value 236.8±20.4 PPFD at noon). Also, chlorophyll fluorescence analysis was investigated with a portable PAM fluorometer. The indoor plants were maintained at 12/12 h photoperiod, temperature at 25±1℃, and humidity at 55±3%. Irrigation frequency (once every three days) was the same for the indoors and the greenhouse. The results of growth in three Ardisia plants showed that almost all parameters except leaf number and chlorophyll content had similar levels regardless of light intensity. A. crispa and A. pusilla plants grown in 200 PPFD were investigated to have low chlorophyll contents. Meanwhile, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters differed based on light levels. In A. crispa, the Fv/Fm (0.77), DIo/RC (0.47) and Fm/Fo (4.77) parameters tended to be poor at 200 PPFD compared to those at other light intensities. Similarly, the DIo/RC, Fm/Fo, and Pi_Abs parameters of A. pusilla plant (200 PPFD) are 0.45, 4.48 and 2.42, respectively, which can be considered stress. The analysis of fluorescence in A. japonica showed that all parameters except ETo/RC had similar levels regardless of light intensity. The ETo/RC parameter was 0.49 and 0.72 in the control plants and plants 200 PPFD, respectively, which was lower than those in plants at other light intensities. Therefore, it seems that the relatively high light intensity acted as a stressor for Ardisia plants.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 2024

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic ester that protects human keratinocytes against oxidative damage induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure, however, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the cell signaling mechanisms that regulate the antioxidant activity of RA and confirm its cyto-protective role. To explore the signaling mechanisms, we used the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and SKH1 hairless mouse skin. RA enhanced glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) expression in HaCaT cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, RA induced nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) nuclear translocation and activated the signaling kinases protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Treatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, the ERK inhibitor U0126, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) gene silencing suppressed RA-enhanced GCLC, GSS, and NRF2 expression, respectively. Cell viability tests showed that RA significantly prevented UVB-induced cell viability decrease, whereas the glutathione (GSH) inhibitors buthionine sulfoximine, LY294002, and U0126 significantly reduced this effect. Moreover, RA protected against DNA damage and protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis caused by UVB-induced oxidative stress in a concentration-dependent manner in SKH1 hairless mouse skin tissues. These results suggest that RA protects against UVB-induced oxidative damage by activating AKT and ERK signaling to regulate NRF2 signaling and enhance GSH biosynthesis. Thus, RA treatment may be a promising approach to protect the skin from UVB-induced oxidative damage.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1165-1177
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• 2020

Objective: To assess the feasibility of applying a deep learning-based denoising technique to coronary CT angiography (CCTA) along with iterative reconstruction for additional noise reduction. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 82 consecutive patients (male:female = 60:22; mean age, 67.0 ± 10.8 years) who had undergone both CCTA and invasive coronary artery angiography from March 2017 to June 2018. All included patients underwent CCTA with iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE level 3, Siemens Healthineers). We developed a deep learning based denoising technique (ClariCT.AI, ClariPI), which was based on a modified U-net type convolutional neural net model designed to predict the possible occurrence of low-dose noise in the originals. Denoised images were obtained by subtracting the predicted noise from the originals. Image noise, CT attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were objectively calculated. The edge rise distance (ERD) was measured as an indicator of image sharpness. Two blinded readers subjectively graded the image quality using a 5-point scale. Diagnostic performance of the CCTA was evaluated based on the presence or absence of significant stenosis (≥ 50% lumen reduction). Results: Objective image qualities (original vs. denoised: image noise, 67.22 ± 25.74 vs. 52.64 ± 27.40; SNR [left main], 21.91 ± 6.38 vs. 30.35 ± 10.46; CNR [left main], 23.24 ± 6.52 vs. 31.93 ± 10.72; all p < 0.001) and subjective image quality (2.45 ± 0.62 vs. 3.65 ± 0.60, p < 0.001) improved significantly in the denoised images. The average ERDs of the denoised images were significantly smaller than those of originals (0.98 ± 0.08 vs. 0.09 ± 0.08, p < 0.001). With regard to diagnostic accuracy, no significant differences were observed among paired comparisons. Conclusion: Application of the deep learning technique along with iterative reconstruction can enhance the noise reduction performance with a significant improvement in objective and subjective image qualities of CCTA images.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.75-84
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• 2023

Many developing countries face challenges in estimating long-term discharge due to the lack of hydrological data for water supply planning, making it difficult to establish a rational water supply plan for decision-making on water distribution. The study area, the Bandung region in Indonesia, is experiencing rapid urbanization and population concentration, leading to a severe shortage of freshwater. The absence of water reservoir prediction methods has resulted in a water supply rate of approximately 20%. In this study, we aimed to propose an approach for predicting water reservoirs in developing countries by analyzing water safety and potential water supply using the MODSIM (Modified SIMYLD) network model. To assess the suitability of the MODSIM model, we applied the unit hydrograph method to calculate long-term discharge based on 19 years of discharge data (2002-2020) from the Pataruman observation station. The analysis confirmed alignment with the existing monthly optimal operation curve. The analysis of power plant capacity revealed a difference of approximately 0.30% to 0.50%, and the water intake safety at the Pataruman point showed 1.64% for Q95% flow and 0.47% for Q355 flow higher. Operational efficiency, compared to the existing reservoir optimal operation curve, was measured at around 1%, confirming the potential of using the MODSIM network model for water supply evaluation and the need for water supply facilities.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2024

Objectives : We aimed to study the effect of Smilax China L.(SCL), which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects, on the growth of skin cancer cells. Methods : HaCaT cells, a normal human cell line, and skin cancer cells including A431, SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cells were treated with Smilax China L. ethanol extract(SCL-EtOH) at concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 40㎍/㎖. Meanwhile, JB6 Cl41, a normal mouse epithelial cell line, was treated with epidermal growth factor(EGF) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(TPA), an inflammatory factor, to induce cell transformation and treated with SCL-EtOH. In addition, we treated SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cells with SCL-EtOH at various concentrations and checked the effect on the cell cycle. Results : As a result, it showed no toxicity to HaCaT cells up to the highest concentration of 40㎍/㎖, and significant cell growth inhibition to A431, SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In addition, as a result of checking the shape of skin cancer cells according to SCL-EtOH treatment, it was observed that as the concentration increased, the number of normally attached and growing cells decreased and the shape of the cells changed. Colony formation was significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner in JB6 Cl41 cells treated with EGF or TPA. Flow cytometry analysis with propidium iodide(PI) staining showed that SCL-EtOH induced the G2/M phase arrest. We further confirmed the decrease in Cyclin B1 expression and increase in p27 expression associated with the G2/M phase of the cell cycle through western blot analysis. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that SCL-EtOH induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, through Western blot analysis, it was observed that the expression of cleaved-caspase-7, which is related to apoptosis, increased. Finally, it was confirmed that the expression of COX-2, an inflammatory marker protein, decreased in a concentration-dependent manner with SCL-EtOH. Conclusions : Through the above results, we have established a basis for applying SCL to the treatment of skin cancer.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1850-1857
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess whether a deep learning (DL) algorithm could enable simultaneous noise reduction and edge sharpening in low-dose lumbar spine CT. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 52 patients (26 male and 26 female; median age, 60.5 years) who had undergone CT-guided lumbar bone biopsy between October 2015 and April 2020. Initial 100-mAs survey images and 50-mAs intraprocedural images were reconstructed by filtered back projection. Denoising was performed using a vendor-agnostic DL model (ClariCT.AI^TM, ClariPI) for the 50-mAS images, and the 50-mAs, denoised 50-mAs, and 100-mAs CT images were compared. Noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and edge rise distance (ERD) for image sharpness were measured. The data were summarized as the mean ± standard deviation for these parameters. Two musculoskeletal radiologists assessed the visibility of the normal anatomical structures. Results: Noise was lower in the denoised 50-mAs images (36.38 ± 7.03 Hounsfield unit [HU]) than the 50-mAs (93.33 ± 25.36 HU) and 100-mAs (63.33 ± 16.09 HU) images (p < 0.001). The SNRs for the images in descending order were as follows: denoised 50-mAs (1.46 ± 0.54), 100-mAs (0.99 ± 0.34), and 50-mAs (0.58 ± 0.18) images (p < 0.001). The denoised 50-mAs images had better edge sharpness than the 100-mAs images at the vertebral body (ERD; 0.94 ± 0.2 mm vs. 1.05 ± 0.24 mm, p = 0.036) and the psoas (ERD; 0.42 ± 0.09 mm vs. 0.50 ± 0.12 mm, p = 0.002). The denoised 50-mAs images significantly improved the visualization of the normal anatomical structures (p < 0.001). Conclusion: DL-based reconstruction may enable simultaneous noise reduction and improvement in image quality with the preservation of edge sharpness on low-dose lumbar spine CT. Investigations on further radiation dose reduction and the clinical applicability of this technique are warranted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.350-363
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• 1987

This study dealt with the comparison of the individual lipid component and fatty acid composition in the six varieties of dent corn, Zea mays Indentata. The fatty acid and sterol compositions of the total lipid were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. The total lipid was also fractionated into three lipid classes namely neutral, glyco and phospolipid by the methods of silicic acid column chromatography. The lipid componets of lipid-classes were estimated by thin layer chromatography and TLC-scanner. The contents of total lipid in six varieties of Cdent corn were $3.7{\sim}5.3%$. Total lipid were mainly Composed of triglyceride$(69.8{\sim}75.7%)$ free fatty acid$(13.0{\sim}17.9%)$, lanosterol$(4.8{\sim}6.0%)$. hydrocarbon & esterified sterol$(3.5{\sim}6.0%)$, and polar lipid & pigment$(2.7{\sim}5.9%)$. The contents of triglycerde in $Chech'{\breve{o}}nok$ and Hwangok No.3 were slightly higher then other varieties. The major fatty acid In total lipid from six varieties of dent corn were chiefly consisted of linoleic$(46.0{\sim}61.4%)$, oleic$(21.9{\sim}29.9%)$ and palmitic acid$(10.9{\sim}16.7%)$. Particularly the content of linoleic acid in $Chech'{\breve{o}}nok$ was higher but oleic and palmitic acid in $Chech'{\breve{o}}nok$ were less than other varieties. The compositions of 4-desmethylsterol were mainly composed of siterol $(44.0{\sim}63.2%)$, campestetel$(11.6{\sim}15.5%)$ and stigmasterol$(5.6{\sim}9.1%)$. The content of sitosterol in Chinjuok was higher than other varieties and isofucosterol was detected only in Chinjuok. The compositions of 4-monomethlysterol were mainly composed of obtusifoliol$(17.7{\sim}37.6%)$, gramisterol$(15.0{\sim}27.0%)$ and citrostadienol$(9.1{\sim}17.3%)$. The contents of obtusifoliol and citrostadienol in Kwangok and Chinjuok were less than other varieties. The contents of fractionated neural lipid in Suwon No.19. Kwangok, $Hoengs{\breve{o}}ngok$ and Chinjuok$(90.3{\sim}97.1%)$ were higher than those of $Chech'{\breve{o}}nok$ and Hwangok No.3$(85.5{\sim}86.1%)$. Neutral lipid were mainly composed of triglyceride$(24.7{\sim}80.0%)$, lanosterol$(6.2{\sim}20.2%)$, Cholesterol$(1.0{\sim}50.6%)$, free fatty acid$(4.4{\sim}8.9%)$ and esterified sterol$(1.5{\sim}15.9%)$. The major fatty acid in neutral lipid from six varieties of dent corn were chiefly consisted of linoleic$(26.2{\sim}55.4%)$ oleic$(22.7{\sim}39.1%)$ and palmitic acid$(11.4{\sim}41.6%)$. Particularly the contents of linoleic acid Suwon No.19 and $Chech'{\breve{o}}nok$ were higher but palmtic acid in Suwon No.19 and $Chech'{\breve{o}}nok$ were less tan other varieties. Glycolipd were mainly composed of nlonoglycosflsterol $(17.5{\sim}56.4%)$, monoglycosylce-ramide $(8.2{\sim}25.9%)$ and monoglycoslydiacylglycerol$(12.4{\sim}22.2%)$. The contents of mono-g1ycosrlceramide and monoglycosrlsterol in Chinjuok. Were higher than other varieties. The major fatty acid in glycolipid from six varieties of dent corn were chiefly consisted$(14.6{\sim}39.3%)$, palmitic$(20.0{\sim}26.1%)$, linoleic$(3.6{\sim}26.9%)$ and heptadecanoic acid $(3.3{\sim}24.7%)$. Particutarly the cantents of oleic acid in Chinjuok and heptadecanoic acid in $Chech'{\breve{o}}nok$ were higher than other varieties. Phospholipid were mainly composed of phosphatidyllnositol$(30.9{\sim}86.4%)$ and phosphatidylcholine$(4.5{\sim}22.0%)$. The contents of phosphatidrlinositol in $Hoengs{\breve{o}}ngok$ and Hwanngok No. 3 were less than other varieties. The major fatty acid in phospolipid from six varieties of dent corn chiefly consisted of patmitic$(37.2{\sim}61.6%)$ heptadecanoic$(9.2{\sim}31.8%)$ and oleic acid$(4.3{\sim}17.2%)$. Particuiarlr the content of oleic acid in $Hoengs{\breve{o}}ngok$ was higher but heptadccanoic acid in $Hoengs{\breve{o}}ngok$ was less than othcr varieties.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.442-452
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• 2020

Backgroud: Sleep deprivation (SD) impairs learning and memory by inhibiting hippocampal functioning at molecular and cellular levels. Abnormal autophagy and apoptosis are closely associated with neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. This study is aimed to explore the alleviative effect and the underlying molecular mechanism of stem-leaf saponins of Panax notoginseng (SLSP) on the abnormal neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in hippocampus of mice with impaired learning and memory induced by SD. Methods: Mouse spatial learning and memory were assessed by Morris water maze test. Neuronal morphological changes were observed by Nissl staining. Autophagosome formation was examined by transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescent staining, acridine orange staining, and transient transfection of the tf-LC3 plasmid. Apoptotic event was analyzed by flow cytometry after PI/annexin V staining. The expression or activation of autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blotting assay. Results: SLSP was shown to improve the spatial learning and memory of mice after SD for 48 h, accomanied with restrained excessive autophage and apoptosis, whereas enhanced activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in hippocampal neurons. Meanwhile, it improved the aberrant autophagy and apoptosis induced by rapamycin and re-activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling transduction in HT-22 cells, a hippocampal neuronal cell line. Conclusion: SLSP could alleviate cognitive impairment induced by SD, which was achieved probably through suppressing the abnormal autophagy and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. The findings may contribute to the clinical application of SLSP in the prevention or therapy of neurological disorders associated with SD.