• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.452-461
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• 2012

There is increasing evidence that dietary factors in plant-based diets are important for the prevention of chronic disease. Especially, phytonutrients in fruits and vegetables have been recognized as major contributors for the decreased level of oxidative stress. In this study, the effect of switching the dietary habit to high consumption of fruits and vegetables were evaluated on the parameters of serum antioxidant status in healthy high school students. Forty one students participated in a randomized controlled trial and were assigned to the control group (n = 18) or the intervention group (n = 23). The intervention group was provided for 8 weeks with the main food source being whole grain and vegetables. Anthropometric measurements, blood parameters and dietary intakes were measured, and compared before and after study. After 8 weeks, weight and BMI were significantly decreased in the intervention group (p = 0.000). The serum diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) test resulted in a significantly decreased level only in the intervention group (p < 0.05) after 8 weeks, but serum biological antioxidant potential (BAP) was increased significantly in both groups (p < 0.001). Intake of energy, total fat, cholesterol and sodium in the intervention group were significantly decreased after 8 weeks (p < 0.05). Also, the intervention group had significantly increased vitamin and phytonutrient intakes of all-trans-${\beta}$-carotene, ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and total phenols (p < 0.05). Overall, the results of this study suggest that whole grain, fruits, and vegetables supplementation showed improvement of the adolescent health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1145-1152
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• 2019

Objective: Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a cultivated shrub grown widely in the sub-tropical and tropical areas. It has been shown that mulberry leaf contains high levels of protein while having polyphenols as phytonutrients. Therefore, it is important to conduct an experiment to assess potential toxic level from mulberry on behavior, blood hematological and coagulation parameter using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Both male and female SD rats were given an intragastric administration of respective treatments of mulberry leaf intakes (control, low and high levels). Parameters of feed intake, hematological and coagulation of blood parameters, as well as liveweight changes were taken during the 7 d of adaptation, 28 d of treatment exposure, and 14 d of recovery periods, respectively. All treatment data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance of SPSS17.0 for Windows Statistical Software following the Randomized complete block design with sex as a block. Results: Most of the parameters of the physical symptoms of the SD rats, were not significantly different (p>0.05) when compared with that of the control group. Those which remain unchanged in each dose group were, body weight (BW) gain, feed intake, the hematology and coagulation indexes. Although, there were a few individual indicators that were abnormal, but the overall physiological appearance of the rats were normal. Conclusion: Results under this experiment revealed that most hematological and coagulation parameters of the SD rats in both male and female were normal, although the weight gain of female rats in high-dose group was significantly reduced than those of the male rats. Under this study, the use of mulberry leaf up to 2 g/kg BW did not result in abnormal phenomenon in the SD rats. These findings would offer useful information for further in vivo feeding trials in animals to extensively use of mulberry leaf to improve animal production, particularly in P.R. China.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1607-1615
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• 2021

Objective: Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf has been found to be an important source of protein, vitamins, minerals, as well as phytonutrients. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Chaya leaf pellet (CHYP) with various level of crude protein (CP) in the concentrate on rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrient degradability in in vitro gas production technique. Methods: In an in vitro rumen fermentation study the dietary treatments were arranged according to a 3×5 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design, consisting of Factor A: three levels of CP of concentrate mixtures (14%, 16%, and 18% CP, respectively) and Factor B: five levels of CHYP supplementation (at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of dry matter substrates). Results: The gas production kinetics, fraction (a) and fraction (b) were lower (p<0.05) with an increasing CHYP addition. Additionally, the fraction (a+b) was found to yield a significant interaction (p<0.05) while the fraction (c) was not impacted by CHYP addition. However, in vitro DM degradability was enhanced and interactive (p<0.05), using 16% CP of concentrate with 6% and 8% CHYP, when compared with 18% CP in the non-addition. Additionally, the treatment with higher CP of the concentrate was higher in NH₃-N concentration (p<0.001) and by CHYP supplementation group (p<0.05). Nevertheless, protozoal counts in the rumen were remarkably decreased (p<0.05) with increasing level of CHYP supplementation. Furthermore, rumen C₂ concentration was lower (p<0.05) in the treatments with CHYP supplementation, while C₃ was significantly increased and interactive (p<0.05) between levels of CP and CHYP supplementation especially at 8% CHYP supplementation. Conclusion: Based on this study, the results revealed CHYP as a promising feed supplement to enhance rumen fermentation and to mitigate methane production. However, in vivo feeding experiments should be subsequently conducted to elucidate the effect of CHYP supplementation on rumen fermentation, as well as ruminant production efficiency.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2007

가열공정이 없는 생식은 화식과 달리 대사효소가 보존되어 있어 체내에서 유익한 작용을 할 것으로 예측되고 있다. 생식 시장의 확대에도 불구하고 아직까지 생식의 효과에 대한 과학적 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 수컷 ICR 생쥐를 일반사료 섭취 후 올리브오일을 투여한 대조군, 사염화탄소$(CCl_4)$를 투여한 실험군 1 (Exp 1), 생식을 급이한 후 사염화탄소를 처리한 실험군 2 (Exp 2)로 나누어 간내 효소, 단백질 및 조직학적 분석을 통하여 생식의 간보호 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 혈청 AST 수치는 대조군에서 $135.50{\pm}121.84\;IU/L$, 실험군 1에서 $4808.07{\pm}1492.94\;IU/L$, 실험군 2에서 $1799.20{\pm}1182.27\;IU/L$로 나타났으며, ALT 수치는 대조군에서 $27.60{\pm}15.04\;IU/L$, 실험군 1에서 $7317.60{\pm}2137.51\;IU/L$, 실험군 2에서 $2902.20{\pm}2302.71\;IU/L$로 나타났다(p<0.01). ALP는 대조군에서 $279.90{\pm}38.32\;IU/L$, 실험군 1에서 $329.7{\pm}50.65\;IU/L$, 실험군 2에서 $427.80{\pm}85.36\;IU/L$로 나타났다. 이는 실험군 2와 실험군 1, 실험군 2와 대조군 사이에서 각각 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). 또한 조직학적인 관찰에서도 실험군 1과 실험군 2 사이에 뚜렷한 차이가 관찰되었다. 사염화탄소를 처리한 실험군 1은 육안관찰과 광학현미경 관찰에서 심한 조직괴사가 관찰되었지만 실험군 2에서는 육안검사 상 정상조직과 거의 차이를 보이지 않았고 광학현미경 관찰에서는 중심정맥 주위로 약간의 괴사와 심한 호중구 침윤현상을 보여주었다. 생식에 함유된 저분자량의 생리활성 물질은 다양한 페놀 화합물(phenolic compounds)로 구성되어 있으며, 항산화작용으로 대표되는 수많은 생리활성기능을 가지고 있다. 곡류 원료의 대표적인 식물성 생리활성물질(phytonutrients)로서 곡류에는 phytoesterogen, lignan, phytic acid, 콩에는 phytoesterogen (isoflavon), phytosterol, saponiu, 과채류에는 carotenoid, flavonoid, 유기황 복합체 (organosulfur compounds), 버섯류에는 alkaloid, polypeptide, nucleoside가 다량 함유되어 있다. 모든 곡류에는 arabinoxylan과 ferulic acid와 같은 식물성 생리활성물질들이 다량 함유되어 있어 생식은 곡류의 phytochemical의 활성을 높이는 가장 효과적인 섭취방법이라고 할 수 있다. 이번 연구 결과는 생식이 직접적인 간보호 효과를 보임으로써 건강기능성식품으로서의 가능성을 제시하였다. 앞으로 생식의 효과에 대한 다양한 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.