• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2024

Poultry coccidiosis is an intestinal infection caused by an intracellular parasitic protozoan of the genus Eimeria. Coccidia-induced gastrointestinal inflammation results in large economic losses, hence finding methods to decrease its prevalence is critical for industry participants and academic researchers. It has been demonstrated that coccidiosis can be effectively controlled and managed by employing anticoccidial chemical compounds. However, as a result of their extensive use, anticoccidial drug resistance in Eimeria species has raised concerns. Phytochemical/herbal medicines (Artemisia annua, Bidens pilosa, and garlic) seem to be a promising strategy for preventing coccidiosis, in accordance with the "anticoccidial chemical-free" standards. The impact of herbal supplements on poultry coccidiosis is based on the reduction of oocyst output by preventing the proliferation and growth of Eimeria species in chicken gastrointestinal tissues and lowering intestinal permeability via increased epithelial turnover. This review provides a thorough up-to-date assessment of the state of the art and technologies in the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in chickens, including the most used phytochemical medications, their mode of action, and the applicable legal framework in the European Union.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2015

In our search for natural soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors from plants, an extract of the dried whole plants of Euphorbia supina Rafin was found to significantly inhibit sEH activity in vitro. Phytochemical investigation of E. supina resulted in isolation of 17 compounds (1 - 17), including triterpenes (1 - 4), phenolic compounds (5 - 8), and flavonoid derivatives (9 - 17). The structures of the isolated compounds were established mainly by extensive analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR, and MS data. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their sEH inhibitory activity. Among the isolated phenolic compounds, 8 was identified as a significant inhibitor of sEH, with an IC₅₀ value of 15.4 ± 1.3 μM. Additionally, a kinetic analysis of isolated compounds (2, 5, 8 - 11, 13, and 17) indicated that the inhibitory effects of flavonoid derivatives 10 and 11 were of mixed-type, with inhibitory constants (K_i) ranging from 3.6 ± 0.8 to 21.8 ± 1.0 μM, whereas compounds 2, 5, 8, 9, 13, and 17 were non-competitive inhibitors with inhibition K_i values ranging from 3.3 ± 0.2 to 39.5 ± 0.0 μM.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.694-701
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• 2014

블랜칭 처리조건 확립을 위하여 시간(1, 3, 5 min) 및 용질의 종류[0.1% soluble Ca(Sol-Ca), 0.1% soium bicarbonate($NaHCO_3$), 0.1% magnesium sulfate($MgSO_4$)]를 달리한 참취의 품질특성을 비교하였다. 블랜칭 시간이 경과함에 따라 녹색도와 chroma 값은 감소되고 색차는 증가하였으며, polyphenol 함량은 유의적으로 감소하였고 블랜칭 처리시간이 3분 이상 경과될 시 급격히 저하되었다. Carotenoid 함량의 경우 적정 블랜칭 처리 시 함량은 증가하는 반면 ascorbic acid 함량은 유의적으로 감소하는 결과를 나타내어 열적 손실이 동반되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 경도 및 절단력은 처리 시간이 길어짐에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였으며, pectinesterase와 polygalacturonase 저해활성은 3분 이후부터는 불활성화 수치가 증가하여 효소활성을 저해시키는 것으로 나타났다. 총균수 및 대장균군수의 변화를 측정한 결과, 대조구의 경우 5 log CFU/g 수준으로 검출되었으나, 블랜칭 처리한 처리구에서는 2~4 log CFU/g 수준으로 미생물이 감소하였으며, 대장균군수는 검출되지 않았다. Chlorophyll 함량은 증가하는 반면 chlorophyll a 및 b의 비율(Ca/Cb)은 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 관능적 기호특성에서는 외관 및 색상의 경우 블랜칭 처리 시간이 길어짐에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타낸 반면 향미 및 전반적인 기호도에서는 블랜칭 처리에 의하여 기호특성이 증가하였다가 점차 감소하였으며, 전반적으로 3분간 블랜칭 처리 시 높은 선호도를 나타내었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.134-144
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• 2017

본 연구는 여주 분말 첨가 된장의 발효 중 이화학적 특성, phytochemical 화합물(isoflavones과 phenolic acids) 및 생리활성 활성 변화를 측정하였다. 된장 발효 중 pH는 6.41-5.83에서 5.81-5.24로 감소하였고, 반면에 산도는 0.42-0.65%에서 1.28-1.48%로 증가하였다. 고초균과 효모 생균수, 염도 및 총 아미노산 함량은 발효 종기(60 일)에 증가하였다. 특히, 발효 후 10% 여주 분말 첨가 된장은 가바(GABA, 129.87 mg/100 g) 함량이 다른 된장 시료들과 비교하여 가장 함량이 높았다. 발효 후 된장은 발효 전 된장 시료보다 생리활성이 높았다. 발효 후 phytochemicals 화합물 중 isoflavone-aglycones과 phenolic acids는 증가하였고, 반면에 isoflavone-glycosides는 감소하였다. 게다가, 발효 후에 총 phenolics, isoflavone-aglycones과 phenolic acids 함량은 급격히 증가하였고, 이에 따라 항산화 활성과 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성이 증가하였다. 이들 결과로부터 여주 분말 첨가로 항산화와 항당뇨 활성이 개선된 새로운 타입의 된장 제조가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2004

The chromatographic separation of the MeOH extract of the aerial parts from Aster hispidus (Compositae) led to the isolation of eight compounds. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods to be ${\beta}-amyrin$ (1), oleanolic acid (2), (2R)-1, 2-O-(9Z, 12Z, $15Z-dioctadecatrienoyl)-3-O-{\beta}-D-galactopyranosyl\;glycerol$ (3), trans-phytol (4), 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid (5), kaempferol (6), 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (7), 3,4-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (8) and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (9). Compounds 1, $3{\sim}6$ and 9 showed non-specific moderate cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines $(5.44{\sim}23.51\;{\mu}g/ml)$. The other compounds were of marginal activity against tested five human cancer cell lines $(9.05{\sim}>30.0\;{\mu}g/ml)$.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2009

Twelve compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanol extract of Lonicera Caulis (Caprifoliaceae) and their structures were identified as six triterpenoids [(24S)-cycloart-25-en-$3{\beta}$,24-diol (1), pomolic acid (7), ursolic acid (8), euscaphic acid (9), hederagenin (10), and 23-hydroxytormentic acid (12)] and six sterols [obtusifoliol (2), gramisterol (3), citrostadienol (4), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (5), ergosterol peroxide (6) and ${\beta}$-sitosterol glucoside (11)]. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature values. All the compounds were isolated from this plant parts for the first time.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.250-253
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• 2012

Phellodendri Cortex, phellodendron bark, has been used as a stomachic for intestinal function control and as an antimicro and anti-inflammatory agent. In this phytochemical study, eight compounds, berberine (1), palmatine (2), syringin (3), (+)-syringaresinol di-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4), salvadoraside (5), citrusin B (6), osmanthuside H (7), and kelampayoside A (8), were isolated from the bark of Phellodendron amurense. Their structures were elucidated by comparing spectroscopic data with reported values. Compounds 1 - 8 were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells in vitro. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 reduced the viability of HL-60 cells significantly, with $IC_{50}$ values of 26.0 and $18.5{\mu}M$, respectively.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.686-692
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of surfactant to extract higher phenolic compound, flavonoid and antioxidant activity from Tartary buckwheat and evaluate the potentiality of surfactant as a screening agent for breeding purpose. Primarily, we employed two types of surfactant (Hydrophilic: Tween 20 and Lipophilic: Span 80) to select the suitable surfactant agent for the extraction of optimum bioactive compounds. Between two surfactants, Tween 20 showed highest efficiency at 4 mM concentration to extract total phenolic content (TP), total flavonoid (TF) and antioxidant activity (AA). Tween 20 at 4 mM concentration was fixed for further analysis along with hot water ($90^{\circ}C$) treatment as a control. In our findings, highest TP (118 mg/g), TF (38 mg/g) and AA (76%) was achieved in KW21 and KW22 among the fifteen accessions of Tartary buckwheat. In other way, TP, TF and AA was 200%, 120% and 110% higher in surfactant formulation compared with control treatment, respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1102-1108
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• 2006

An in vitro bioassay-guide revealed that the methanol (MeOH) extract of the stem bark of Populus davidiana showed considerable inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase (COX-1, COX-2). Continuous phytochemical study of the MeOH extract of this plant led to the isolation of ten flavonoids; sakuranetin (1), rhamnocitrin (2), 7-O-methylaromadendrin (3), naringenin (4), eriodictyol (5), aromadendrin (6), kaempferol (7), neosakuranin (8), sakuranin (9) and sakurenetin-5,4'-di-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (10). Their structures were identified on the basis of their physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds, 1-10, were tested for their inhibitory activities against COX-1 and COX-2. Compound 7 was found to have potent inhibitory effect on COX-1 and a moderate effect on COX-2, meanwhile, compounds 1-6 showed moderate inhibition against COX-1 only. Moreover, compounds 5-8 exhibited suppressive effects on xanthine oxidase (XO). These results may explain, in part, the traditional uses of P. davidiana in ethnomedicine.

• 생약학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2011

Twenty-four compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanolic extract of Rehmanniae Radix (Scrophulariaceae) cultivated in Ubo-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeongbuk province, Korea and their structures were identified as four iridoids [6-O-(4''-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl) vanilloyl ajugol (17), ajugol (18), aucubin (19), and catalpol (20)], three phenethyl alcohol glycosides [decaffeoyl acteoside (15), isoacteoside (16), and acteoside (21)], five sugar derivatives [ethyl ${\beta}$-D-fructofuranoside (7), eleutheroside C (14), mannitol (22), raffinose (23), and stachyose (24)], two terpenoids [remophilanetriol (4) and glutinolic acid (11)], a lignan, paulownin (2), and eight others [${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), daucosterol (6), monopalmitin (3), pinellic acid (9), uracil (5), adenosine (12), jio-cerebroside (10), aeginetic acid 5-O-${\beta}$-D-quinovoside (8), aeginetoyl ajugol 5''-O-${\beta}$-D-quinovoside (13)]. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature values. Among these compounds, paulownin (2), monopalmitin (3), uracil (5), daucosterol (6), ethyl ${\beta}$-D-fructo-furanoside (7), and eleutheroside C (14) were isolated from this plant for the first time.