• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.157-161
• /
• 1990

We have been isolating various physiologically active substances from non-saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng. These are adenosine, pyre-glutamic acid, dencichine and acidic polysaccharide. Adenosine and pyre-glutamic acid are known to inhibit epinephrine-induced lipolysis in fat cells and stimulate the insulin-mediated lipogenesis. In addition to these actions, adenosine was found to inhibit both norepinephrine- and histamine-induced aorta constriction, and pyre·glutamic acid inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme. Dencichine stimulated histamine-induced aorta constriction. Finally, acidic polysaccharide was found to inhibit both lipolytic and anorexigenic actions of Toxohormone-L. Based on these experimental results, I presented a briefreview on these compounds isolated from non-saponin fraction of Korea Red Ginseng.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 1996

Essentiality was proposed in the field of lipid by Burr and Burr in 1929. When rats were raised on the fat-free diet, their growth retarded and their skin and tails showed the characteristic deficient symptoms, which were relieved by the addition of ${\omega}6(n-6)$ polyunsaturated fatty acids as linoleic(LA) and arachidonic(AA) acids to the basal diet. LA is dehydrogenated to ${\gamma}-linolenic$ acid(GLNA) by ${\Delta}6$ desaturase, then GLNA is 2 carbon chain elongated by elongase to $dihomo-{\gamma}-linolenic$ acid(DGLNA), which is desaturated by ${\Delta}5$ desaturase to AA. These acids are called LA family or ${\omega}6(n-6)$ polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA). ${\alpha}-Linolenic$ acid(ALNA) is converted through the series of desaturation and elongation steps to docosahexaenic acid(DHA) via eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA). These acids belong to ALNA family or ${\omega}3(n-3)$PUFA. Human who consume large amounts of EPA and DHA, which are present in fatty fish and fish oils, have increased levels of these two fatty acids in their plasma and tissue lipids at the expense of LA and AA. Alternately, vegetarians, whose intake of LA in high, have more elevated levels of LA and AA and lower levels of EPA and DHA in plasma lipids and in cell membranes than omnivores. AA and EPA are metabolized to substances called eicosanoids. Those derived form AA are known as prostanocids(prostaglandins and prostacyclins) of the 2-types and leukotrienes of the 4-series, whereas those derived from EPA are known as prostanoids of the 3-types and leukotrienes of the 5-series. DGLNA is a precursor of the 1-types of prostaglandins. The metabolites of AA and EPA have competitive functions. Ingestion of EPA from fish or fish oil replaces AA from membrane phospholipids in practically all cells. So this leads to a more physiological state characterized by the production of proatanoids and leukotrienes that have antithrombic, antichemotactic, antivasoconstrictive and antiinflammatory properties. It is evident that ${\omega}3$ fatty acids can affect a number of chronic diseases through eicosanoids alone.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.111-111
• /
• 2018

Aronia (black chokeberry), a species of berries is source to a very large number of bioactive compounds like polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins in comparison to any other species. Owing to its antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties. Fermentation- a bioconversion process exploiting the biological metabolic reaction of micro-organisms, has several benefits like improving the efficacy and safety of physiologically active substances, generation of new functional material, improving the adsorption rate and many others. Antigens like pathogens, food, pollen etc., generate a protective immune response in body tissues, and the process be referred to as inflammation. However, this when excessive results in a condition referred to as refractory inflammatory disease, whose incidence is increasing in the recent times, especially amongst children. The current study intended to assess the anti-oxidant activity, presence of polyphenols and anti-inflammatory efficacy of Aronia extract fermented by Lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented sea foods. Aronia fruits collected from Sunchang, Chonbuk were lyophilized for fermentation. So as to maximise the efficacy of the fermented Aronia extract, the quantitative effects of lactic acid bacteria species, composition of extraction solution, influence of temperature and time on antioxidant activity and total polyphenol contents were investigated using an experimental design. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on NO and cytokine ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6) production in LPS activated Raw 264.7 cells. Results indicated that antioxidant effect and total polyphenol contents were best improved in extract of Aronia fermented by P. pentosaceus. In addition, NO and cytokine ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6) levels were decreased significantly after fermentation. Thus, it was found that the anti-inflammatory activity of Aronia greatly increased after fermentation process using P. pentosaceus.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.609-614
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 도꼬마리의 뿌리와 열매 부위별 항산화 활성의 검증을 통해 유효 생리활성 성분이 많은 부위를 탐색하고자 뿌리와 열매를 메탄올로 추출하여 항산화 활성물질, 라디칼 소거능, in vitro에서 항암 활성을 측정하였다. 항산화 물질인 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량은 뿌리보다는 열매 부위에 6배 가량 높은 함량이 나타났다. ABTS, DPPH, Hydroxyl radical 소거능을 측정한 결과, 뿌리에서 $IC_{50}$% 6.02, 1.29, 3.88mg/ml이며, 열매에서는 0.81, 0.16, 0.44mg/ml로 열매에서 소거능이 높게 나타났다. 항암 활성을 알아보기 위하여 유방암세포(MCF-7), 위암세포(AGS), 폐암세포(A-549), 인체대장암세포(HCT-116), 간암세(Hep-G2) 및 전립선암(PC-3)에 처리하여 암세포 성장 억제 정도를 확인한 결과, 도꼬마리 열매와 뿌리 부위에 0.5mg/ml 농도에서 각각 26%, 36% 전립선 암세포 성장 억제 정도를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 1974

The growth of sea weeds is greatly affected by the environmental conditions of ambient water. Especially nutrient salts in sea water function as a major factor to the growth of lavers, so that the content of inorganic substances in lavers could he a criterion for quality evaluation of lavers. In this experiment, the relation between the quality and the content of Zinc and Magnesium which are not only physiologically active and closely related with pigments such as chlorophll and phycobilins but also important in quantify is discussed if such a measurement to be an index for quality evaluation. Sixteen samples of layers were collected from three different culture farms, 7 from Jangrim-Busan, 6 from Wando-Jeon Nam, 3 from Hadong-Gyeong Nam, and classified into 3 quality grades to each farm and to whole samples by organoleptic test. Zinc and Magnesium were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. For pigment analysis, chlorphyll was extracted with 85 percent acetone, filtered and the absorbance was measured at 660 nm and the residue was further extracted with phosphoric buffer solution to determine the optical density for phycobilins at 560 nm. The result showed that the total content of Zinc and Magnesium varied between the farms, but kept consistent with quality grades from the same farm. The Zinc content was correlated proportion- ally with the content of phycobilins, and Magnesium content in total ash could roughly represent the content of chlorophll except some examples in which the Magnesium content of chlorophyll-ext ractresiduewasexceptionallyhigher. In conclusion the contents of these metals provide an applicable index for quality judgment of lavers.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.428-433
• /
• 2017

Background: In this study, the fermentation of ginseng seeds was hypothesized to produce useful physiologically-active substances, similar to that observed for fermented ginseng root. Ginseng seed was fermented using Bacillus, Pediococcus, and Lactobacillus strains to extract ginseng seed oil, and the extraction yield, color, and quantity of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and phytosterol were then analyzed. Methods: The ginseng seed was fermented inoculating 1% of each strain on sterilized ginseng seeds and incubating the seeds at $30^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. Oil was extracted from the fermented ginseng seeds using compression extraction, solvent extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Results and Conclusion: The color of the fermented ginseng seed oil did not differ greatly according to the fermentation or extraction method. The highest phenolic compound content recovered with the use of supercritical fluid extraction combined with fermentation using the Bacillus subtilis Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI) 1127 strain. The fatty acid composition did not differ greatly according to fermentation strain and extraction method. The phytosterol content of ginseng seed oil fermented with Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1127 and extracted using the supercritical fluid method was highest at 983.58 mg/100 g. Therefore, our results suggested that the ginseng seed oil fermented with Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1127 and extracted using the supercritical fluid method can yield a higher content of bioactive ingredients, such as phenolics, and phytosterols, without impacting the color or fatty acid composition of the product.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.175-186
• /
• 2022

Sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida), an important edible seaweed belonging to the brown algal family of Alariaceae, contains copious physiologically active substances. It has long been popular in Korea as a food and is frequently consumed in the form of soup. It is also commercially available as a home meal replacement. In this study, we developed a seasoning key base with a high degree of sensory preference from sea mustard using the extrusion cooking process. Extrusion cooking conditions were optimized through response surface methodology. Barrel temperature (X₁, 140℃-160℃) and screw speed (X₂, 158-315 rpm) were set as independent variables, and overall preference was determined as the dependent variable (Y, points). An optimal condition was obtained at X₁ = 148.5℃ and X₂ = 315 rpm, and the dependent variable (Y, overall acceptance) was 7.95 points, similar to the experimental value of 7.81. Umami taste had a relationship with the overall acceptance of sea mustard seasoning. In the electronic nose and tongue, increased sourness and umami intensities were associated with the highest sensory score. The samples were separated well by each characteristic via principal component analysis. Collectively, our study provides imperative preliminary data for the development of various seasonings using sea mustard.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제38권6호
• /
• pp.434-441
• /
• 2023

This study investigated quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of beetroots after blanching. Beetroots were blanched in distilled water, 2% NaCl water, and 2% citric acid water at 100℃ for 3 minutes (the blanched group). The moisture content was highest in the control (CON) at 91.30% (p<0.05), and cooking loss was lowest in the water-blanched beetroot (BW) at 5.39% (p<0.01). Chromaticity decreased after blanching compared to CON (p<0.001). Total polyphenol contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) decreased after blanching, and as a result of comparing the True retention (TR) of the blanching treatment group, BW had the highest with TPC TR 91.22% and TFC TR 70.51%. DPPH and ABTS+radical scavenging activities were highest in the CON, and in the blanching group BW was highest scavenging activity. The total number of microorganisms in the CON group was 2.97 log CFU/g, whereas no microorganisms were detected in the blanched groups. Therefore, this study, blanching in water without additives is the most appropriate method for preserving physiologically active substances and nutrients in beetroots and inhibiting microbial growth.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.423-435
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 만삼추출분말의 모돈 사료 내 첨가급여가 모돈 및 자돈에 있어서 면역력과 생산성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 20두의 F1 임신돈(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire)을 옥수수와 대두박을 기초로 하는 임신돈 기초사료 급여구와 만삼추출분말 0.5% 첨가 급여구로 나누어 각각 10두씩 배치하여 공시동물로 이용하였다. 실험사료를 분만예정일 40일 전부터 분만 후 이유 시(25일)까지 급여하였다. 만삼은 항산화 효과와 더불어 면역증강 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있어, 모돈 사료 내 만삼추출분말의 급여는 모돈의 면역능력을 증강시켜 결과적으로 자돈의 면역력 상승효과를 가져올 것으로 예상하였다. 또한 면역력 상승에 따른 보상효과로 자돈의 생산성 및 성장 촉진을 기대하였다. 본 연구의 결과에서는 만삼추출분말의 첨가급여가 모돈 및 자돈에 있어서 면역력과 생산성에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 초유 내 IgG 함량과 자돈 혈액 내 IgG 함량 사이의 상관관계는 유의적이지는 않았지만, 양의 상관관계(correlation coefficient, 0.435 P=0.102)를 나타내어, 초유 내면역력의 상승은 자돈에 이로운 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사하였다. 이상의 결과로부터, 면역항진 기능을 가진 만삼추출분말의 생리활성 물질은 임신 모돈의 생체 내에서 충분한 면역촉진효과를 나타내지 않은 것으로 사료된다. 따라서, 면역증강제로써 임신돈 사료 내 만삼추출분말의 이용 가능성을 평가하기 위해서는, 만삼추출분말 내 생리활성 물질의 생체내 대사 메커니즘과 작용기전을 검토할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.169-175
• /
• 1988

밭 및 비농경지(非農耕地)의 우점잡초(優占雜草)인 쇠비름에 함유(含有)되어 있는 생이활성물질(生理活性物質)의 탐색(探索)을 통(通)하여 얻어진 몇가지의 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 쇠비름을 건조(乾燥)한 시료(試料)로부터 추출(抽出)한 수용(水溶) 및 methanol 추출액(抽出液)은 상치, 무우 및 비름 등(等)의 식물종자(植物種子) 발아(發芽)를 크게 억제(抑制)시켰다. 쇠비름에 함유(含有)된 phenol 화합물(化合物)은 주(主)로 umbeliferon, p-coumaric, salicylic, vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic, tannic, gallic산(酸) 등(等)이었다. 쇠비름의 건체(乾體), 생체(生體), 종자(種子) 및 callus 상태(狀態) 시료(試料)에 함유(含有)된 phenol 화합물(化合物)을 비교(比較)하면 건체시료(乾體試料)에서는 gallic산(産) 생체시료(生體試料)에서는 salicylic, vanillic산(酸), 종자시료(種子試料)에서는 ferulic산(酸), callus에서는 p-hydroxybenzoic, p-chlorobenzoic, cinamic산(酸) 등(等)이 많이 함유(含有)되어 있어 시료간(試料間)에 차이(差異)가 있었다. 지방산(脂肪酸)은 건체(乾體), 생체(生體) 및 종자시료(種子試料)에 linolenic산(酸)이 각각(各各) 9.203, 14.186, 1.732 mg/g으로 많이 함유(含有)되어 있었고 callus에는 palmitic산(酸)이 1.601 mg/g으로 많았다. 그리고 유기산(有機酸) 가운데는 oxalic산(酸)이 건체(乾體), 생체(生體) 및 callus 시료(試料)에서, citric산(酸)은 callus 시료(試料)에서 많았다.