• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.219-222
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• 2007

A total of the 261 Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from 2003 to 2005 in Korea were investigated for their physiological race composition. Among the isolates, we detected 18 physiological races and the dominant races were R0.1.3.5.6.10.11 and R0.1.3.5.6.7.10.11 with frequencies of 18.4% and 11.4%, respectively. All of the P. infestans races carried multiple virulence genes and showed virulence to the potato resistance genes R1, R3, R5, R6, R7, R10 and R11, but not to R8 and R9. Therefore, it is likely that the physiological races of P. infestans were diverse in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.494-503
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• 2023

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a plant pathogen of Brassica crops that causes black rot disease throughout the world. At present, 11 physiological races of Xcc (races 1-11) have been reported. The conventional method of using differential cultivars for Xcc race detection is not accurate and it is laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, the development of specific molecular markers has been used as a substitute tool because it offers an accurate and reliable result, particularly a quick diagnosis of Xcc races. Previously, our laboratory has successfully developed race-specific molecular markers for Xcc races 1-6. In this study, specific molecular markers to identify Xcc race 7 have been developed. In the course of study, whole genome sequences of several Xcc races, X. campestris pv. incanae, X. campestris pv. raphani, and X. campestris pv. vesicatoria were aligned to identify variable regions like sequence-characterized amplified regions and insertions and deletions specific to race 7. Primer pairs were designed targeting these regions and validated against 22 samples. The polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that three primer pairs specifically amplified the DNA fragment corresponding to race 7. The obtained finding clearly demonstrates the efficiency of the newly developed markers in accurately detecting Xcc race 7 among the other races. These results indicated that the newly developed marker can successfully and rapidly detect Xcc race 7 from other races. This study represents the first report on the successful development of specific molecular markers for Xcc race 7.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 1995

경남지방에서 벼도열병균 race의 분포상황을 알기 위하여 1990∼1994년 5개년간 경남지역의 재배품종 잎동열병 병반에서단포자 분리하여 얻은 균주 509 균주를 사용하여 연도별 race 분포상황을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 도내에 분포한 race의 종류는 총 33종류였다. 이 중 KI 100군 race가 16종류로 연차간 분포변동이 심하였고, KI 400군 race가 6종류, KJ 100군 race가 4종류, KI 300군 race가 3종류, KJ 200군 race 2종류, race KJ-301 및 race KJ-401이 각각 1종류씩이었다. KI 및 KJ race의 분포 비율은 각각 11.5∼29.9%와 70.1∼88.5%로 KJ race의 분포밀도가 높았고 분포밀도가 높은 race는 KJ-401 및 KJ-301로 전 race의 26.7∼57.3%를 차지하였다. 지대별 race 구성 특징은 산간 지대에서는 KI race의 분포밀도가 27.3%로 해안지대 6.8%에 비해 훨씬 높았고 KJ 100군 race도 27.7%로 해안지대 11.7%보다 분포비율이 높았다. 반대로 KJ 200군 race는 해안지대가 22.0%로 산간지대 9.7%보다 아주 높았다. 조사기간중 재배된 벼품종과 race의 분포변동을 미루어 보아 race의 분포는 재배된 벼의 도열병균 race에 대한 반응형과 관련이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.249-253
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• 1999

국내 콩씨스트선충의 race 분포를 규명하기 위해 전국 8개도 21개 지역으로부터 선충을 채집하여 검정한 결과, 4종류의 race가 발견되었은데, 그중 race 3(48%)이 가장 많았으며 race 5(24%), race 1(19%),race 6(9%) 순이었고 지역별 차이는 없었다. 국내포장에 서식하는 콩씨스트선충 집단중 약 33%는 저항성품종으로 알려진 Pickett를, 약 43%는 PI88788을 가해할 수 있는 virulence gene을 가지고 있었는데, Peking과 PI90763은 모든 씨스트선충 집단에 대해 저항성으로 나타났다. 국내 콩씨스트선충 저항성 품종 육성에는 Peking이나 PI90763을 교배모본으로 하여 race 5와 6에 대한 저항성 품종을 육성하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 보인다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

Feed conversion efficiency contributes directly or indirectly on the cost benefit ratio of silkworm rearing and is considered to be an important physiological criterion for evaluating the superiority of silkworm breeds/hybrids. Food intake, assimilation and conversion of indigenous as well as exotic silkworm races are well studied by many researchers. In this review, an attempt has been made to consolidate works on feed conversion aspects of indigenous and exotic silkworm races. The paper also deals with the effect of various factors viz., nutritional, environmental and feeding on food assimilation and conversion parameters of mulberry silkworm.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.123-127
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• 1982

[ $1980\~1981$ ]년 사이에 전국의 14개 주요 담배 재배지역으로부터 채집, 분리한 담배 세균성마름병균(Pseudomonas solanacearum)의 가지, 토마토, 고추, 감자 및 담배에 대한 병원성반응을 조사한 결과, race 1 및 race 2에 속하였으며 또한 이 균주들의 생리적 특성 15종을 조사한 결과 biochemical type 1과 4로 판명되었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.24-26
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• 1965

In July, 1963, a virulent outbreak of late blight in the potato field of Daekwanlyung area was studied and it was known as epidemics. Two stocks are $T_1$ and $T_1$ of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary which isolated from Irish Cobbler were inoculated at field and green house respectively by cutted leaves method. Two strains have been distinguished in reactions to leaves: $T_1$: Irish Cobbler (r), Morin No. 1 (r) have shown infectivity of disease and Kennebec ($R_1$), 1512-C(16) ($R_2$), Pentland Ace ($R_3$) and Hokkai No. 17 ($R_4$) have not shown infectivity of disease; $T_1$: Irish Cobbler (r), Norin No. I (r) and Kennebec ($R_1$) have shown infectivity of disease and 1512-C (16) ($R_2$), Pentland Ace ($R_3$) and Hokkai No. 17($R_4$) have not shown infectivity of disease. Both are the first record of race O and race 1 of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary in Korea.

• 식물병연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2005

Late blight of potato caused by Phtophthora infestans is one of the most destructive disease in organic farming as well as in the conventional cultivation in Korea. Incidence and progress of the disease largely depend on climatic conditions around the fields. However, the disease completely destroys whole leaves of the plant within two weeks in organic farming fields. While, potato leaves in conventional farming fields remain healthy for 5 weeks after the first symptom appearance, because fungicides were applied four times in average to control the disease. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of organic farming fields ranged from 2314 to 2421 and quickly expanded compare to that of conventional farming fields. The tuber yield in the organic farming fields ranged from 0.96 ton per 10a to 1.5 ton per 10a, while it was 2.7 ton per 10a in conventional farming fields. Tuber yields were reduced to $42\~63\%$ by the infection of late blight and the reduction rate was closely related with the time of first occurrence of the disease in organic farming fields. Physiological races of the pathogen were diversified with R0,1,3,4,5,7,10,11 in organic farming fields at Hongchun area. Pathogen races were distributed with similar pattern at different areas of organic farming fields.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2007

한국인의 생리적 특성에 맞는 방사성핵종의 체내 흡수선량 평가를 위한 일환으로 한국 성인 남성 28명을 대상으로 $^{131}|$을 경구투여 후 갑상선섭취율 및 소변 일일배설률을 산정하고 각 장기별 흘수선량을 평가하였다 그 결과, 첫째, 투여 24시간 후 갑상선이 평균 19.70%의 섭취율과 71.12%의 소변 일일배설률을 나타냈다. 둘째 본 연구에서 산출한 갑상선섭취율과 기존 ICRP에서 제시하는 갑상선섭취율 30%에 따른 전신유효선량은 각각 1.464E-08 Sv, 2.189E-08 Sv로 약 1.5배의 차이를 나타났다. 정량적인 방사성 옥소의 흡수선량 평가를 위해서는 기존 ICRP에서 제시하는 자료에 의존하기 보다는 인종별 새로운 측정을 통해 각 핵종별 자료의 확보만이 체내피폭평가시 오류를 최소화 할 수 있다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.361-370
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• 1982

The effects of climatic factors on organisms lire variable and complex, and it, however, can be interpreted in terms of those on the distribution and those on the population densities. The distribution of an organism may largely be determined by the temperatures, except some temporal organisms which are depended on the air mass movements. Population density of an organism is determined by various climatic factors, such as previous winter temperature, temperature of growing season and rainfall. The start of growing season of the rice plants has been shifted to earlier since last decade in Korea. This may mean that the overall climatic condition during the growing season might be considerably different from those in past years, and such a difference in climatic conditions might have close relation with the recent status of the diseases and insect pests through direct effects on the physiology and population dynamics of the organisms, as well as through on the biotic associations of the pest organisms. The white back planthopper and brown planthopper have become the key insect pests in Korea in recent years. They are migratory and have high reproductive pontentials and more generations than average residential insects. The synchronization of the migrants and physiological condition of the rice plants seems to be the important factors in relation to the recent outbreaks of these insects; the high reproductive rate can be obtained with the growth stage of rice being 30-50 days after transplanting. The modication of the microclimate associated with high plant density and some other introduced new cultural techniques also have some relation with the outbreak. The key diseases of the rice are the blast disease, sheath blight and the bacterial leaf blight. For the rice blast, the seedling blast and leaf blast during the early growing season and the neck blast, have become more serious, the former may be related to hotbed nursery and the later may be related to the high humidity in early August, and synchronization of the heading time which has been shifted to early part from middle or late part of August. In general, for the rice diseases, the development of the new races have been the most serious which are largely resulted from the introduction of the new varieties, but it also seems to be related with the prolonged periods of the favorable condition associated with the shifted growing seasons. In general, the diseases and insect pest problems have become much more variable and complex, and control measures should be based on the thorough knowledge of the ecology of the pest organisms, that is, effects of various environmental factors on the disease cycle; spore release, spore deposition, infection, colonization and sporulation of the disease organisms, and those on the development, reproductive potentials, dispersal, age specific responses of the insects. The well organized real-time pest management systems, such as alfalfa weevil management system developed at the Purdue University in U.S., is the prime importance for the implementation of the pest management principles.