• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2010

본 연구는 청소년들의 치과진료형태에 따른 치과공포감의 영향관계에 대해 규명하여 청소년의 치과진료 시 불안, 공포감을 완화시켜줄 수 있는 방법을 모색하고자 하였다. 조사대상은 경남지역에 재학 중인 청소년을 대상으로 2009년 12월 2일부터 9일까지 8일간 설문조사를 실시하여 420부를 분석에 사용하였다. 연구결과 상관분석을 통한 치과진료 경험과 공포감의 관계에서 각 구성요소 간 유의한 상관성을 보였고, 회귀분석 결과 전체적인 공포감에는 치과보철 진료경험이, 치과진료 회피 공포감에는 치과보존 진료경험이, 생리적 반응요인 공포감에는 구강악안면 진료경험이, 치료자극 반응요인 공포감에는 치과보철 진료경험이 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 향후 치과 의료기관은 청소년들이 치과진료에 대한 막연한 공포나 두려움을 없애고, 정기적인 치과방문을 통한 예방진료 등의 강화로 구강건강증진을 도모하고 건강한 삶을 영위할 수 있도록 진료형태별 대상별 치과 공포감을 없앨 수 있는 매뉴얼 개발 등의 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.32-50
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• 2000

A descriptive exploratory design was used in this study to evaluate the effects of sponge bathing on physiological(heart rate, heart period, vagal tone, oxygen saturation, respiration) and behavioral responses in newly born 40 preterm infants from intensive care unit of S University Hospital in Seoul. Data has been collected from October, 1997 to March, 1999. The infants were between 27-33 weeks gestational age at birth, and were free of congenital defects. The subjects entered the protocol when they were medically stable (determined by initiation of feeding and discontinuation of all respiratory support) but still receiving neonatal intensive care. The infants' physiologic parameters were recorded a 10 - minute before, during, and after bathing. Continuous heart rate data were recorded on a notebook computer from the infant's EKG monitor. The data were digitized off-line on software(developed by Lee and Chang in Wavelet program) which detected the peak of the R wave for each heart beat and quantified sequential R-R intervals in msec(i.e. heart periods). Heart period data were edited to remove movement artifact. Heart period data were quantified as : 1) mean heart period; 2) vagal tone. Vagal tone was quantitfied with a noninvasive measure developed by Porges(1985) in Mxedit software. To determine behavioral status, tools were developed by Scafidi et al(1990) were used. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS program using paried t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The result were as follow. 1. The results of the ANOVAs indicated that vagal tone were signifcantly lower during bathing than baseline and post-bathing. There were significant differences in heart period and heart rate levels across the bathing. But the mean oxygen saturations and respirations were no differences. Also, there were no significant differences on behavioral sign, motor activity, behavioral distress, weight changes, morbidity, and hospitalization period. 2. To evaluate the relation between vagal tone and subsequent parameters, the two groups (the high group had 19 subjects and low group had 21subjects) were divided by the mean baseline vagal tone. Vagal tone measured prior to bathing were significantly associated with respiration before bathing, vagal tone during bathing, and the magnitude of change in both vagal tone. But, other subsequent reactivities were no differences in two groups. 3. Correlations were also calculated between vagal tone and the subsequent physiological reactivities from baseline through after- bathing. Correlations were significant between baseline vagal tone and baseline heart rate, between baseline vagal tone and baseline heart period, between baseline vagal tone and oxygen saturation after bathing. In summary, the bathing in this study showed a stressful stimulus on premature infants through there was significance in the physiological parameters. In addition, our study represents the documentation that vagal tone reactivity in response to clearly defined external stimulation provides an index of infant's status.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.387-401
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the emotional state related to dental fear, hospital anxiety and depresison, and frequency of stress symproms of orofacial region. For this study, Dnetal Fear Surfey(DFS) scale, the Hospital ANxiety and Depression(HAD) scale, and Stress Symptom Questionnaire(SSQ) designed by the author were used in 549 dental outpatients. Dental Fear Survey scale is composed of avoidance of dentistry(AVOI), physiologic response scale(PRS) and dental stimulus response scale(DSRS). The Hospital anxiety and Depresiosn scale is composed of hospital anxiety(HA) and hospital depressoin (HD). Data were analyzed statistically with SPSS program and the results were as follows : 1. The item of the highest positive response rate in DFS scale was 'feeling drill'(82.0%), and in the HAD scale was ' feel as if I am slowed down'(84.1%). 2. Mean score of AVOI, PRS, DSRS and HD were higher in the older group(>25yr) than the yoiunger group(<25yr) and female patients showed higher score of DSRS, HA than male patients. 3. Mean number of items of stress symptoms in extraoral region were 3.4, and in intraoral region, were 4.7. Tongue wymptoms were increased in the older toup and female patients had more stress symptoms than male patients. 4. Correlation between DFS scale and HAD scale were significantly positive and these scales were also apositively correlated with tongue symptoms. 5. As for treatment types, the patients treated in the department of periodontics,conservative dentistry, and oral surgery showed higher score of DFS scale than the patients with temporomandibular disorders or treatedin the department of orthodontics.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2001

The purpose oi this study is to identify clearly the physiologic significance of autonomic nervous system. This study is to find the loose of endogenous neurotransmitter while using the neural response of the neural excitatory action which is distributed to the perivascular smooth muscle through the electrical stimulation of the smooth muscle of coronary artery of pig. The effects of perivascular nerve stimulation were investigated on isolated coronary artery of pig.1 . The magnitude of contractile response to perivascular nerve stimulation increased with increasing frequency (2-80 Hz) of stimulation. 2. The contractions to perivascular nerve stimulation(40V, 40Hz. 0.5msec, 1 min) were increased greatly by pretreatment of the cholinestrase inhibitor physostigmine. 3. The contraction to perivascular nerve stimulation(40V,40Hz, 0.5msec, 1min) was antagonised markedly by the muscarinic antagonist atropine. 4. The contraction to perivascular nerve stimulation(40V, 40Hz, 0.5msec, 1 min) was blocked by the neural blocker tetrodotoxin. 5. The contractions to perivascular nerve stimulation(40V. 40Hz, 0.5msec, 1 min) were not affected significantly by the -adrenergic antagonist phentolamine or - adrenergic antagonist propranolol. 6. The contractile response by the acetylcholine was increased by the pretreatment of cholinestrase inhibitor physostigmine. The finding suggest that it is powerful excitatory action linked to muscarinic receptor by cholinergic nerve in coronary artery of pig.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2002

연구배경 : 폐암환자는 폐암자체 뿐만 아니라 만성기도질환을 비롯한 기존의 폐질환 및 심질환 등으로 폐기능이 감소한 경우가 많으며, 전신항암치료는 약제에 의한 부작용으로 환자들의 신체활동능력이 급격히 감소되는 것이 일반적이다. 운동은 안정상태에서는 알 수 없는심 폐기능 이상을 확인할 수 있는 좋은 방법으로 심혈관계 및 폐기능 이상은 이들 환자의 삶의 질을 결정하는 중요한 원인으로 작용할 수 있다. 본 연구는 전신항암치료 중인 국소진행성 폐암환자의 심 폐기능 변화를 안정시, 그리고 운동시 각각 측정하여 전신항암치료가 환자의 운동 능력에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것이 목적이다. 방 법 : 조직화적으로 임상적 병기 IIIA의 비소세포암으로 진단되고 전신항암치료를 받고 있는 11명을 대상으로 치료 전, 그리고 매 주기 전신항암치료 직전 안정시 폐기능검사, Karnofsky performance scale, 체성분검사, 그리고 운동부하 심 폐기능검사를 실시하였다. 결 과 : 안정시 폐기능은 전신항암치료 전 후 유의한 변화는 없었으나 폐확산능의 경우 통계적인 의미는 없었지만 치료 전 기대값의 $89.7{\pm}34.1%$에서 치료 후 기대값의 $71.9{\pm}20.5%$로 상당히 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 호흡근의 기능을 평가하는 최대흡기압 및 최대호 기압 역시 전신항암치료 전 후 차이가 없었다. 전신 항암치료전 후 체성분 및 신체활동능력의 변화는 없었다. 3주기 전신항암화학치료 후 운동부하 심 폐 기능은 최대산소섭취량은 치료 전 기대값의 64.8%(17.9ml/kg/$m^2$)에서 치료 후 44.7% (12.6ml/kg/$m^2$)로 감소하였고 (p<0.05), 산소맥은 치료 전 기대값의 63.5% ($7.0{\pm}1.7ml$/beat)에서 치료 후 46.3% ($5.2{\pm}2.1ml$/beat)로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 결 론 : 전신항암치료 후 짧은 기간 내 체성분 변화와 안정시 폐기능의 저하는 없지만 최대산소섭취량 및 산소맥은 감소하여 운동에 대한 심기능 및 폐기능의 허용한계는 감소한다. 그러나 이러한 결론은 전신항암치료 후 짧은 기간 내의 변화로 장기적인 전향적인 연구가 필요하리라 생각한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2007

Hearing loss in newborns is the most frequently occurring birth defect. If hearing impaired children are not identified and managed early, it is difficult for many of them to acquire the fundamental language, social and cognitive skills that provide the foundation for later schooling and success in society. All newborns, both high and low risk, should be screened for hearing loss in the birth hospital prior discharge (Universal Newborn Heaing Screening, UNHS). Objective physiologic measures must be used to detect newborns and very young infants with hearing loss. Recent technological developments have produced screening methods and both evoked otoacoustic emission (EOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) have been successfully implemented for UNHS. Audiologic evaluation should be carried out before 3 months of age and infants with confirmed hearing loss should receive intervention before 6 months of age. All infants who pass newborn hearing screening but who have risk indicators for other auditory disorders and/or speech and language delay receive ongoing audiologic surveillance and monitoring for communication development. Infants with sensorineural hearing loss are managed with hearing aids and receive auditory and speech-language rehabilitation therapies. Cochlear implants can be an outstanding option for certain children aged 12 months and older with severe to profound hearing loss who show limited benefit from conventional amplifications.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.767-772
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• 2009

Purpose: Among reasons for reoperations in augmentation mammoplasty, palpable implant, due to thin skin is relatively common, but not easy to correct, especially if thin skin area is wide. The capsule around the implant is a physiologic response to foreign body, naturally formed, and suitable for use as a flap because of its high vascularity. Authors report that capsular flap is very effective and successful method for correction of implant palpability in secondary breast augmentation. Methods: From September 2007 to September 2008, the capular flaps were performed on 5 patients having palpable and wrinkling breast implants due to very thin skin among the cases on whom secondary augmentation mammaplasty had been performed. After the capsular flap was elevated according to thin skin area, the capsular flap was turned down or over to cover the thin skin area and made the thin skin area thick. Results: Post - implant palpable breast wrinkling had been successfully corrected by capsular flaps and breast implants were not palpable any more during the follow - up period(average 9.2 months). All patients who suffered from deformed breast were satisfied. Conclusion: Authors suggest that the capsular flap is a ideal, effective and useful method in management of implant palpability.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권5호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2012

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a series of life-saving actions that improve the chances of survival, following cardiac arrest. Successful resuscitation, following cardiac arrest, requires an integrated set of coordinated actions represented by the links in the Chain of Survival. The links include the following: immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system, early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions, rapid defibrillation, effective advanced life support, and integrated post-cardiac arrest care. The newest development in the CPR guideline is a change in the basic life support sequence of steps from "A-B-C" (Airway, Breathing, Chest compressions) to "C-A-B" (Chest compressions, Airway, Breathing) for adults. Also, "Hands-Only (compression only) CPR" is emphasized for the untrained lay rescuer. On the basis of the strength of the available evidence, there was unanimous support for continuous emphasis on high-quality CPR with compressions of adequate rate and depth, which allows for complete chest recoil, minimizing interruptions in chest compressions and avoiding excessive ventilation. High-quality CPR is the cornerstone of a system of care that can optimize outcomes beyond return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). There is an increased emphasis on physiologic monitoring to optimize CPR quality, and to detect ROSC. A comprehensive, structured, integrated, multidisciplinary system of care should be implemented in a consistent manner for the treatment of post-cardiac arrest care patients. The return to a prior quality and functional state of health is the ultimate goal of a resuscitation system of care.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2005

The c-myc proto-oncogene encodes a nuclear protein that is deregulated and/or mutated in most human cancers. Acting primarily as an activator and sometimes as a repressor, MYC protein controls the synthesis of up to 10-15% of genes. The key MYC targets contributing to oncogenesis are incompletely enumerated and it is not known whether pathology arises from the expression of physiologic targets at abnormal levels or from the pathologic response of new target genes that are not normally regulated by MYC. Regardless of which, available evidence indicates that the level of MYC expression is an important determinant of MYC biology. The c-myc promoter has architectural and functional features that contribute to uniform expression and help to prevent or mitigate conditions that might otherwise create noisy expression. Those features include the use of an expanded proximal promoter, the averaging of input from dozens of transcription factors, and real-time feedback using the supercoil-deformable Far UpStream Element (FUSE) as physical sensor of ongoing transcriptional activity, and the FUSE binding protein (FBP) as well as the FBP interacting repressor (FIR) as effectors to enforce normal transcription from the c-myc promoter.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze physiological changes via a cold air reaction experiment to generate basic data that are useful for the development of an automobile active air conditioning system to prevent drowsiness. The $CO_2$ concentration causing drowsiness in vehicle operation was kept below a certain level. Air was blown to the driver's face by using an indoor air cooling apparatus. Sleepiness and the arousal state of the driver in cold wind were measured by physiological signals. It was evident in the EEG that alpha waves decreased and beta waves increased, caused by cold air stimulation. The ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ ratio was reduced by about 52.9% and an alert state confirmed. In the electrocardiogram analysis, the efficiency of cold air stimulation was confirmed by the mean heart rate interval change. The R-R interval had a delay time of about one minute compared to the EEG response. The findings confirmed an arousal effect from sleepiness due to cold air stimulation.