• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2017

We introduced disposable amperometric immunosensors for the detection of Sildenafil and Vardenafil (SDF/VDF) based on screen printed carbon electrodes. The developed immunosensors were used as a non-competitive sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay with a horseradish peroxidase label. The sensors were constructed on screen printed carbon electrodes by the simple electrochemical deposition of a reduced graphene oxide and chitosan (ErGO-CS) composite. To evaluate the sensing chemistry and optimize the sensor characteristics, a series of electrochemical experiments were carried out including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. The sensors showed a linear response to SDF/VDF concentrations in a range from 100 pg/mL to 300 ng/mL. The lower detection limit was calculated to be 55 pg/mL, the sensitivity was calculated to be $1.02{\mu}Ang/mL/cm^2$, and the sensor performance exhibited good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 7.1%. The proposed sensing chemistry strategy and the sensor format can be used as a simple, cost-effective, and feasible method for the in-field analysis of SDF/VDF in functional or health supplement food samples.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2020.08a
• /
• pp.64-64
• /
• 2020

우리나라의 고사리 재배면적은 2018년 기준 5,406ha 수준을 보이고 있으며 전체 산채류 재배면적에서 가장 높은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 고사리(Ferns)는 고사리 속(Pteridium spp.)에 속하는 양치식물의 총칭으로서 우리나라에는 22과 70속 272종이 분포되어 있는 것으로 보고되었다. 고사리의 어린 순에는 가식부 100g 당 칼슘 15.0mg, 칼륨 185.0mg 등이 함유되어 있으며 골다공증, 심혈관 질환 등에 효과가 있고 식이섬유로 인해 변비 예방에도 유용한 것으로 알려져 있다. 고사리 뿌리에서 추출한 전분은 중국 및 일본 등지에서 면류나 제과용으로 이용되고 있어 고사리 재배의 부가가치를 향상시킬 수 있는 방안으로 기대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고사리의 재배년차간에 뿌리 전분의 생산성과 이화학적 특성을 조사하기 위해 2020년 3월 26일 각 재배년차별로 굴취한 뿌리를 세척 후 고무망치로 파쇄하고 수침 방법을 사용해 추출한 전분의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 재배년차간 고사리 뿌리의 생산성은 5년생과 7년생에서 3,000 kg/10a 이상으로 유의하게 높은 수량을 보였다. 세척한 고사리 뿌리를 24시간 sodiun metasulfite 4% V/W 용액에 수침하여 전분을 추출한 후 24시간 간격으로 3회에 걸쳐 진탕, 침전과 세척의 과정을 거친 후 조사한 전분 추출 수율은 뿌리 생체중 대비 6.8~7.6% 수준이었으며 재배년차간 차이는 없었다. 추출한 전분의 색도분석에서 L 값은 재배년차가 높아질수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나 a 값은 3.7~4.8, b 값은 13.5~15.9로서 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 고사리 뿌리전분의 호화특성에서 최고점도는 3년생 고사리 뿌리에서 추출한 전분이 557.4 RVU로 높은 값을 보였으나 재배년차간 통계적 유의성을 인정할 수는 없었으며, 최저검도에서는 5년생에서 추출한 전분이 269.9RVUfh 낮은 경향을 보였다. 또한 최대 점도 시간은 5.0~5.2hr로 재배년차간 차이는 없었으며 호화 저지온도는 67.0~68.9℃ 범위로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 고사리 뿌리에서 채취한 전분의 무기물 함량을 조사한 결과 황의 함량은 1년생에서 0.081%로 유의하게 높았으며, 인산 함량은 3년생에서 72mg/kg으로 가장 높았고 1년생에서 31mg/kg으로 가장 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 칼륨의 함량은 7년생에서 추출한 전분에서 376.3mg/kg으로 높았으나 재배년차 간 뚜렷한 경향을 보이지 않았으며 칼슘, 마그네슙 및 철분 함량에서는 5년생 전분에서 유의하게 높은 경향을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2020.12a
• /
• pp.74-74
• /
• 2020

고사리(Pteridium aquilinum Kuhn)는 고사리 속(Pteridium spp.)에 속하는 양치식물의 총칭으로서 우리나라에는 22과 70속 272종이 분포되어 있는 것으로 보고되었다. 고사리의 어린 순에는 가식부 100g 당 칼슘 15.0mg, 칼륨 185.0mg 등이 함유되어 있으며 골다공증, 심혈관 질환 등에 효과가 있고 식이섬유로 인해 변비 예방에도 유용한 것으로 알려져 있다. 우리나라의 고사리 재배면적은 2019년 기준 5,349ha 수준을 보이고 있으며 전체 산채류 재배면적에서 26%의 비중을 차지하고 있으나 재배면적의 증가에 따라 고사리 재배의 부가가치를 높일수 있는 방안이 요구되고 있는 실정으로 그 중 고사리 뿌리에서 추출한 전분은 중국 및 일본 등지에서 면류나 제과용으로 이용되고 있어 고사리 재배의 부가가치를 향상시킬 수 있는 방안으로 기대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고사리 뿌리의 채취시기에 따른 뿌리 전분의 생산성과 이화학적 특성을 조사하기 위해 2020년 3월 26일부터 10월 28일 까지 5회에 걸쳐 뿌리를 수확하여 세척한 후 고무망치로 파쇄하고 수침 방법을 이용해 추출한 전분의 추출수율과 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 채취시기별 고사리 뿌리의 생산성은 7월 27일 수확에서 3,783.3kg/10a로 유의하게 높은 수량을 보였다. 파쇄한 고사리 뿌리를 24시간 sodium metabisulfite 0.4% V/W 용액에 수침하여 전분을 추출한 후 24시간 간격으로 3회에 걸쳐 진탕, 침전과 세척의 과정을 거친 후 조사한 전분 추출 수율은 3월 26일 수확한 뿌리에서 7.6%로 가장 높았고 7월 27일과 9월 24일 채취한 경우에서는 전분이 검출되지 않았으며 10월 28일에는 4.9%의 유의하게 낮았다. 추출한 전분의 색도분석에서 L값은 채취시기가 늦어질수록 높아지는 경향을 보였고 a, b값은 낮아지는 경향을 보여 전분의 색도가 향상되는 경향을 보였으며, 신속점도측정기로 조사한 전분의 호화특성에서는 채취시기가 늦어질수록 전분의 최고점도는 높아졌으나 최저점도 및 최종점도는 낮아지는 경향을 나타냈다. 전분의 무기물 함량은 3월 26일과 5월 25일 채취하는 경우 Fe > Ca > Mg > K > P의 순으로 함량이 높았으나 10월 28일 채취한 경우에서는 Fe와 Ca이 감소되고 K 함량은 증가하여 Ca > Fe > Mg > K > P의 순으로 무기물 함량이 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.86 no.3
• /
• pp.324-333
• /
• 1997

The research has been made for the effects of the pollution by the abandoned coal mine drainage on the physical and chemical properties of soil, stream sediment and soil water. The soils overspreaded by the abandoned coal don't develop solum and the bulk density is $1.83g/m^3$, compared with $1.14-1.38g/m^3$ in the other forest soils. The soil pH range in coal bearing region ie, from 4.01 to 4.11 and non-coal bearing soil range is from 5.03 to 5.13. Heavy metals such as As, Cr, Ni, Mo and Ba of coal bearing soils and polluted stream sediments have larger concentration than those of non-coal content and non-polluted. Especially As and Mo concentrations are largely high in coal bearing. The relative ratios $K_2O/Na_2O$ of geochemical elements are higher in coal bearing soil and polluted stream sediments than those of non-coal bearing soils and non-polluted stream sediments as well as black shales of the Changri Formation. However, $MgO+Fe_2O_3+TiO_2/CaO+K_2O$ are the opposite trends, so that the ratios are lower in the polluted regions. The soil water pHs in the polluted regions are the strong acid(pH3.4-4.2) and buffer capacity of the polluted soil is low because canons such as $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{+2}$are leached by the acidification.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.4 s.84
• /
• pp.498-502
• /
• 2007

A total of 5 female elk deer($220kg{\pm}10kg$) were included in a study on the changes in physico-chemical properties of deer meat during storage at $-4^{\circ}C\;and\;-2^{\circ}C$. The deers were exposed to normal pre-slaughter handling and put under anesthesia before slaughtered. The loin and leg cuts were deboned from the carcass after 24hrs slaughter. The samples weighing approximately 300g were packaged using wrap packaging and stored for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months at $-30^{\circ}C\;and\;-60^{\circ}C$. During the freezing period, the changes of moisture maintenance was slower for the meats kept at $-60^{\circ}C$ than that at $-30^{\circ}C$. The meat softness represented higher value after freezing, and it tended to be decreased with the passage of storage time. Comparing the values between freezing temperature, the value at $-30^{\circ}C$ was higher than at $-60^{\circ}C$. All meats frozen at $-30^{\circ}C\;and\;-60^{\circ}C$ were edible after storage for 6 months. Loin was inedible, and leg was edible after freezing storage for 6 months. The pH values of the meats were increased during freezing period, even though pH value of the meats stored for 6 months was less than 5.70. Luminosity of loin was significantly increased with the passage of storage time, although loin stored at $-60^{\circ}C$ was darker, and leg stored at $-30^{\circ}C$ was darker. The index of red color was rapidly decreased for loin stored at $-30^{\circ}C$, and for leg stored at $-60^{\circ}C$, respectively. There were no changes in the index of yellow color for loin stored at $-60^{\circ}C$, and the index for leg was increased with regardless of the freezing storage temperature after 6 months.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.524-530
• /
• 2008

In this study, the effects of feed containing citrus byproducts on the physicochemical characteristics and palatability of Korean native chickens were investigated. The Korean native chickens used in this study were divided into two groups: T0 (chickens that were not fed citrus byproducts until they were 39 weeks old) and T1 (chickens that were fed citrus byproducts). The feed given to the T1 chickens was the same as that given to the T0 chickens for the first 16 weeks. Between weeks $17{\sim}39$, the feed given to the T1 chickens was prepared by adding 4% of the citrus byproducts to the feed given to the T0 chickens. The chickens used in the experiment were chilled for 2 days after being sacrificed. The feed containing citrus byproducts did not cause any statistically significant differences in the breast and thigh characteristics of lightness ($L^*$ value), redness ($a^*$ value), yellowness ($b^*$ value), water-holding capacity, frozen loss, thawing loss and boiling loss. As for the rheological properties, there was no statistically meaningful difference in the breast/thigh characteristics of springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness between the T0 and T1 chickens. However, hardness and shear force were significantly lower in the T1 chickens than in the T0 chickens (p<0.05). The acid and peroxide values were also lower in the T1 chickens than in the T0 chickens, but the difference was not statistically significant. Antioxidant activity was better in the T1 chickens than in the T0 chickens. Thus, the results of the present study show that consumption of citrus byproducts did not affect the color and smell of raw meat. The palatability of boiled meat was significantly better in the T1 chickens than in the T0 chickens.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.307-319
• /
• 2009

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology has been regarded as one of the most possible and practical option to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and consequently to mitigate the climate change. Korean government also have started a 10-year R&D project on $CO_2$ storage in sea-bed geological structure including gas field and deep saline aquifer since 2005. Various relevant researches are carried out to cover the initial survey of suitable geological structure storage site, monitoring of the stored $CO_2$ behavior, basic design of $CO_2$ transport and storage process and the risk assessment and management related to $CO_2$ leakage from engineered and geological processes. Leakage of $CO_2$ to the marine environment can change the chemistry of seawater including the pH and carbonate composition and also influence adversely on the diverse living organisms in ecosystems. Recently, IMO (International Maritime Organization) have developed the risk assessment and management framework for the $CO_2$ sequestration in sub-seabed geological structures (CS-SSGS) and considered the sequestration as a waste management option to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This framework for CS-SSGS aims to provide generic guidance to the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and Protocol, in order to characterize the risks to the marine environment from CS-SSGS on a site-specific basis and also to collect the necessary information to develop a management strategy to address uncertainties and any residual risks. The environmental risk assessment (ERA) plan for $CO_2$ storage work should include site selection and characterization, exposure assessment with probable leak scenario, risk assessment from direct and in-direct impact to the living organisms and risk management strategy. Domestic trial of the $CO_2$ capture and sequestration in to the marine geologic formation also should be accomplished through risk management with specified ERA approaches based on the IMO framework. The risk assessment procedure for $CO_2$ marine storage should contain the following components; 1) prediction of leakage probabilities with the reliable leakage scenarios from both engineered and geological part, 2) understanding on physio-chemical fate of $CO_2$ in marine environment especially for the candidate sites, 3) exposure assessment methods for various receptors in marine environments, 4) database production on the toxic effect of $CO_2$ to the ecologically and economically important species, and finally 5) development of surveillance procedures on the environmental changes with adequate monitoring techniques.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.335-340
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to select organic materials (OM) and nitrogen sources in composting of waste mushroom bed from Agaricus bisporus. We examined physio-chemical properties of the organic materials and the mixture ratio for preparing the wasted mushroom bed (M) compost. The carbon content of sawdust was higher than those of rice straw (R) as OM source and the nitrogen content was high in the order of fowl manure (F)>> pig manure (P)> cow manure (C). The compost was prepared to maintain the criteria of above 25% organic matter and then the change of their ingredients was estimated during the process of fermentation. The temperature of waste mushroom bed+pig manure+rice straw (MRP) treatment was varied fast throughout fermentation, on the other hand the temperature of waste mushroom bed+pig manure+sawdust (MSP) treatment was steadily elevated to the middle of composting. The pH of the compost was somewhat high to pH 8.5~9.0 at the early stage, but decreased to 7.5 at the end stage of composting. The content of OM after fermentation was decreased to the level of 19~21% in rice straw, but the sawdust treatment maintained 25~27% organic matter. The waste mushroom bed+fowl manure+rice straw (MRF) treatment, which contains 26.2% organic matter and 0.68% nitrogen, was the highest among them. The volume of compost was reduced to 50% by using rice straw as organic matter, but reduced to 30% by using the sawdust. The contents of heavy metal in the compost were suitable within the legal criteria. The number of microorganisms were higher in the rice straw than those in the sawdust. It was high in the order of fowl manure> pig manure> cow manure. The major groups consisted of aerobic bacteria, gram negative bacteria and Bacillus sp. and their populations after fermentation were increased to $1{\times}10^1{\sim}1{\times}10^2\;cfu\;g^{-1}$ rather than those before fermentation. Therefore we concluded that the waste mushroom bed+fowl manure+sawdust (MSF 3:9:1 v/v/v) treatment was suitable combination for high organic matter and nitrogen source, and the periods of composting were 50~60 days.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.22 no.8
• /
• pp.226-234
• /
• 2016

In this study, the possibility of developing new type of yanggaeng has been reviewed by evaluating physio-chemical and sensual characteristics of new yanggaeng products using 5~20% of powder of plantain that is a hardy plant resource from most of hillside in Korea. The moisture contents of plantain powder was 1.9%, DPPH radical scavenging ability was 15.67 mg/mL, and total polyphenol contents was 7.00mg/g. By increasing the adding rate of plantain powder the moisture contents and pH of yanggaeng were decreased. From chromatography, by increasing the adding rate of plantain powder the brightness, L-value was decreased along with redness, a-value, yellowness, and b-value. The a-value of sample group adding 5% of plantain powder was the highest and that of sample group adding 20% was the lowest (p<0.001). From texture measurement shown that the hardness of sample group adding 5% of plantain powder was the highest by 3,937.04 and that of sample group adding 20% of plantain powder was the lowest by 2,153.59. The springiness of sample group adding 5% of plantain powder was the highest by 6.79% and that of sample group adding 20% of plantain powder was the lowest by 4.76%. The cohesiveness of sample group adding 20% of plantain powder was the lowest by 177.35 and it was significant (p<0.001). The result of sensory test showed that sample group adding 10% of plantain powder achieved the highest appraisal from most factors, such as color, scent. sweetness, chewiness, moist level, softness level and total preference. As shown from the above results, the sensory preference of yanggaeng can be improved by adding proper volume of plantain powder while making it, so it is understood that the addition of plantain powder in making yanggaeng would give better possibility in commercialization. By considering sensory preference factor the 10% addition rate of plantain powder while making yanggaeng would be the most proper recipe.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.139-151
• /
• 2007

To protect the surface of ground-cutting slopes and ground-raised slopes and to recover environment-friendly slopes at the national road expansion construction between Gamchon and Yaechon, test-construction work was done using several modes of hydro-seeding measures to select a suitable construction method through the field survey; the results were as follows : As a result of survey on physio-chemical characteristics of soil, the average soil inclination on ground-raised slopes was from 4.73 mm to 5.37 mm; the average soil acidity was from pH 6.47 to 6.73; the average soil humidity was within the scope of 0.57~1.70 %,; the average soil inclination on ground-cutting slopes was 9.17~10.43mm; the average soil acidity was pH 6.67~6.77 and the average soil humidity was within the scope of 0.53~1.27 %; considered overall, they showed generally satisfactory base materials for plant breeding. As a result of the number of sprouting individuals, the average sprouting number of individuals on test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray construction methods and the average number of sprouting individuals on other test spots executed by furrow-digging with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures were 1,172 number of per square meter and 970 number of per square meter respectively; thus they showed higher numerical value comparing with other test spots. Likewise, the average number of sprouting individuals on test spots of the ground-cutting slopes executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and the average number of sprouting individuals on other test spot executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures were found to be 1,107 number of per square meter and 1,105 number of per square meter respectively, whose numerical value showed rather higher other test spots. As a result of a survey on living plants' breeding index [dried weight], the weight in dried state on test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and other test spots executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures on both ground-raised and ground-cutting slopes was found to be higher and showed similar characteristics statistically. As a result of survey on the surface-covering degree of ground-raised slopes, nine weeks after test construction, test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and other test spots executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures showed commonly more than 70% of surface-covering degree, but other test spots showed only below 35% of surface covering degree; especially in case of test spots by Verdvol seed spray measures, they showed 10% of the lowest surface-covering. Surface-covering degree on the test spot of ground-cutting slopes nine weeks after test construction showed more than 75% both executed by Coir net with Seed spray construction method and executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures. As a result of survey on appearing plants on the test spots, there dominates Eragrostis curvula both on ground-raised slopes and on ground-cutting slopes with other seeding plant life's lower breeding and there appear intruders, such as Setaria viridis Beauv, Digitaria sanguinalis Scop, and Chenopodium album var.centrorubrum Makino. As for water-borne excavation and soil's washing-away on the slopes, there happened less washing-away and water-borne excavation with good breeding of plant life on test spots executed both by Coir net with Seed spray construction method and by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures, but there happened much more soil's washing-away along with water-home excavation at the test spot executed by Seed spray with measures. After the research results of test construction sites are examined overall, it's presumed that furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures [interval between lines is 40cm, 5cm in depth] will be preferred to prevent erosion and water-home excavation of slopes located within the construction sites.