• 자원환경지질
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.569-583
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• 2004

감은사지 서탑의 구성암석은 흑운모 반상 화강섬록암으로서 암회색을 띠나, 풍화면은 담회색 내지 담홍색을 보인다. 탑을 구성하는 부재에는 수 cm 내지 수십 cm의 염기성 포획암이 많이 함유되어 있다. 이 부분은 풍화작용에 의해 크고. 작은 공동을 형성하였다. 이 탑의 풍화현상은 지질학적, 기상학적 및 생물학적 원인이 복합적으로 작용한 결과이며, 전반적으로 암석의 강도가 약해져 있다. 탑에서 훼손이 가장 심한 부위는 동남쪽으로서 부재의 박락과 멸실, 공동화 현상 및 균열에 의해 탑의 원형이 거의 상실된 상태이다. 이는 동남쪽이 해변과 인접해 있어 해수분무와 염분의 결정화에 더욱 영향을 받은 것으로 보인다. 부재사이의 생성된 공간에는 철편, 철제 보강재, 암편, 콘크리트 및 시멘트가 충전되어 있으나, 이들의 산화와 부식에 따라 이차적인 오염물질과 침전물질이 산재하며 풍화가 더욱 촉진되고 있다. 모든 부재의 표면에는 지의류와 선태류의 오염이 심각하며, 파쇄대는 토양화의 진행에 의하여 잡초가 암석의 생물학적 풍화작용을 가중시키고 있다. 특히 각층의 옥개석에는 다년생 잡초들이 생장하며 부착생물의 피도는 거의 100%이다. 따라서 다양한 형태의 생물학적 풍화작용을 저감하기 위한 생화학적 처리가 필요하다. 석탑의 부재를 새로운 암석으로 교체할 경우를 대비하여, 새로운 석재를 선정하거나 구 부재에 강도를 증가시킬 수 있는 보강제를 연구해야 할 것이다. 본체의 균열이 심한 부분에는 보존처리용 충전제를 사용하여 경화처리가 선행되어야 하며, 본체의 습도를 저감하기 위한 방수대책도 고려되어야 할 것이다.였는데 이는 이 암석이 결핍된 맨틀로부터 유래되었음을 암시한다. 이런 홍성 및 광천 지역 초염기성암의 전체적인 특징은 알파인형 초염기성암 중 특히 천부 맨틀 판 형의 경우와 유사하다.는 기질금속단백효소를 매개로 하는 염증반응 감소에 수산화칼슘이 효과적으로 작용하는것으로 확인되어 치근단 질환에 관여하는 세균성 LPS를 제거하기 위해 임상적으로 사용되는 근거가 될 수 있다.ase의 활성이 검출되지 않아, 옥수수 유식물 줄기에서의 활성형 BR은 BL이 아닌 CS임을 밝혔다.에 대한 응답률이 높게 나타난 반면 불교와 기독교는 계승 발전에 대한 응답률이 더 높게 나타나 종교에 따른 유의성을 나타내었다(p<0.01). 미래의 제사에 대한 생각은 대상자들의 37.04%가 내려오는 법도에 따르겠다고 하여 가장 높았고, 불교에서 43.17%가 내려오는 법도에 따르겠다, 기독교의 경우 26.47%는 예배드린다, 기독교의 경우 현재 어른이 생존하신 중이라도 차차 추도식 형태로 바꾸겠다고 답하였으며, 가톨릭, 불교, 기타에서는 나름대로 정성껏 모신다의 비율이 기독교에 비해 높게 나타나 종교에 따른 차이가 있었다(p<0.0001). 또한 맏며느리에 비해 둘째 며느리는 내려오는 법도에 따르거나 어른이 하시는 대로 하겠다고 하는 비율이 비교적 높은데 비해 맏며느리는 나름대로 정성껏 모시겠다고 한 점으로 며느리의 순위에 따라 미래의 제사에 대한 생각에 유의성이 있었다(p<0.05).지역적으로 보면 부산 지역이 여수 지역에 비해 법도에 따르거나 나름대로 정성껏 모시겠다는 비율이 더 높은 반면, 여수 지역은 부산 지역에 비해

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2015

This paper investigated the magnitude and distribution of earth pressure on the support system in jointed rock mass by considering different earth pressure coefficients, rock types and joint inclination angles. The study mainly focused on the effect of the earth pressure coefficients on the earth pressure. Based on a physical model test (Son & Park, 2014), extended studies were conducted considering rock-structure interactions based on the discrete element method, which can consider the joints characteristics of rock mass. The results showed that the earth pressure was highly influenced by the earth pressure coefficients as well as the rock type and joint inclination angles. The effects of the earth pressure coefficients increased when the rock suffered more weathering and has no joint slide. The test results were also compared with Peck's earth pressure for soil ground, and clearly showed that the earth pressure in jointed rock mass can be greatly different from that in soil ground. This study indicated the earth pressure coefficients considering the rock types and joint inclination angles are important parameters influencing the magnitude and distribution of earth pressure, which should be considered when designing the support systems in jointed rock mass.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권21호
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• pp.101-118
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• 2000

Stone cultural properties(pagoda, Buddhist statue etc.) is moved in original place for many reasons and restored after taking to pieces for structural safety. With the movement and restoration after taking to pieces, the cast iron is used for the sake of a fixation and horizontality. The stone cultural properties are spoiled the beauty and accelerated the weathering because of the corrosion product of cast iron. So we need to substitute for the improved property in all aspects. We are executed the corrosion test and inquired the property of material on the usable material for the shim of stone cultural properties. That is the Cast iron, Stainless steel, Titanium and Fiber Reinforced Plastics. In the result of the physical property and strength, the Stainless steel and Titanium was superior to the Cast iron. And the Stainless steel and Titanium was slower than the Cast iron in the corrosion velocity for the acid, salt and rain. If the shim is substitute the Stainless steel or Titanium for the Cast iron, the stone cultural properties are able to reduce the pollution of stone cultural properties by corrosion product and should not happen in the matter of stone pagoda.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.156-161
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• 1997

The biogeochemical cycle of silver has rarely been reviewed, even though the silver ion (Ag$^{\times}$) is extremly toxic to some organisms. Its concentration is still rising sharply because of increased anthropogenic activity, specifically the discharge from the film industry (mainly, silver thiosulfate: Ag (S$_2$O$_3$)${^3-}_2$). Recently, a number of researchers have quantified the major fluxes and reservoirs of silver in the open ocean, bays, and estuaries. A review of the available information for Ag cycling in the open ocean shows that the riverine input (from human activity and weathering processes: 7${\times}$10$^6$ kg/yr and 5${\times}$10$^6$ kg/yr, respectively) is the dominant source of Ag to estuarine and coastal regions. Most of the silver (90% of riverine input silver) is removed in coastal sediments by the physical-chemical character of silver due to its high partitioning with particulate matter. On the other hand, in the open ocean the atmospheric input (wet and dry deposition: 1.48${\times}$10$^6$ kg/yr and 1.94${\times}$ 10$^5$ kg/yr, respectively) becomes more important as a source of silver than riverine input. The residence time of silver calculated from available data is 1250 yrs in the deep ocean below 500 m, but only 3 yrs in the surface ocean.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1992

太白山地區의 主要 망간鑛床에서 産出하는 酸化망간 鑛物들은 一次的으로 생성된 炭酸망간 또는 珪酸망간의 表成風化作用에 依하여 生成되었다. 이들 酸化망간 鑛石의 生成에 관여된 地質作用에는 溶解作用, 酸化作用, 運搬作用, 沈澱作用, 晶出作用 및 再結晶作用 等이 있다. 그러나 箇箇의 酸化망간 鑛物 生成은 交代作用, 溶液으로부터의 晶出作用 및 固體狀態에서의 晶出, 및 再結晶作用 等에 依하여 이루어졌다. 이들 鑛物生成作用에 依하여 多樣한 名種 鑛石의 組職이 形成되었으며, 母鑛石의 鑛物組成과 風化環境에 따라 特徵的인 鑛物 및 鑛物共生關係가 形成되었다. 그러나 一般的으로 風化殘留鑛床 중의 酸化망간 鑛物들은 $Mn^{2+}{\to}Mn^{3+}{\to}Mn^{4+}$의 方向으로 生成되었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2003

Two-component polyurethane flame retardant coatings (ATTBC) were prepared by blending polyisocyanate (TDI-adduct) with ATTBs mentioned at the previous paper. Most of the physical properties of the flame retardant coatings were comparable to those of non-flame retardant coatings. Especially, the hardness, impact resistance, and accelerated weathering resistance were remarkably improved with the increase of the content of 1,4-butanediol. Coatings containing 10 and 15 wt% 1,4-butanediol, ATTBC-10C and ATTBC-15C, were not flammable in vertical flame-retardancy test. Their char area recorded 1.1${\sim}$11.6 $cm^2$ in 45$^{\circ}$ eckel burner method.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.61.3-62
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• 2016

An asteroid family is a group of asteroidal objects in the proper orbital element space (a, e, and i), considered to have been produced by a disruption of a large parent body through a catastrophic collision. Family members usually have similar surface properties such as spectral taxonomy types, colors, and visible geometric albedo with a same dynamical age. Therefore an asteroid family could be called as a natural Solar System laboratory and is also regarded as a powerful tool to investigate space weathering and non-gravitational phenomena such as the Yarkovsky/YORP effects. We carry out time series photometric observations for a number of asteroid families to obtain their physical properties, including sizes, shapes, rotational periods, spin axes, colors, and H-G parameters based on nearly round-the-clock observations, using several 0.5-2 meter class telescopes in the Northern hemisphere, including BOAO 1.8 m, LOAO 1.0 m, SOAO 0.6 m facilities in KASI, McDonald Observatory 2.1 m instrument, NARIT 2.4 m and TUG 1.0 m telescopes. This study is expected to find, for the first time, some important clues on the collisional history in our Solar System and the mechanisms where the family members are being transported from the resonance regions in the Main-belt to the near Earth space.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2013

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental resistance of bio-polymer concrete for use of pavement materials developed for reducing the carbon-dioxide. METHODS : The compression, tension, and bending strength tests were conducted on the bio-polymer concrete specimens with and without environmental conditioning. The specimens were conditioned using the freezing-thaw and accelerated weathering process for long period of time. To assess the resistance against chloride, the chloride ion penetration resistance tests were carried out on the bio-polymer concrete specimens. RESULTS : Test results show that the maximum difference in strength between specimens with and without conditioning is about 2.6MPa indicating that the effect of environmental conditioning on specimen strength is negligible. Based on the chloride ion penetration resistance test, the penetration quantity of electric charge of the specimens is zero and there is no ion penetration within the bio-polymer concrete. CONCLUSIONS : It is found from this study that there is slight change in strength of bio-polymer concretes before and after environmental conditioning process and no chloride ion penetration observed in these specimens. Therefore, the developed bio-polymer concretes can be applied effectively as pavement materials due to the small change of physical properties with environment change.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.474-484
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• 2018

In this study, a new numerical modeling system was proposed to predict oil spills, which increasingly occur at sea as a result of abnormal weather conditions such as global warming. The hydrodynamic conditions such as the flow velocity needed to calculate oil dispersion were estimated using a three dimensional hydrodynamic model based on the Navier-Stokes equation, which considered all of the physical variations in the vertical direction. This improved the accuracy compared to those estimated by the conventional shallow water equation. The advection-diffusion model for the spilled oil was combined with the hydrodynamic model to predict the movement and fate of the oil. The effects of absorption, weathering, and wind were also considered in the calculation process. The combined model developed in this study was then applied to various test cases to identify the characteristics of oil dispersion over time. It is expected that the developed model will help to establish initial response and disaster prevention plans in the event of a nearshore oil spill.

• 천문학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2022

The lunar surface progressively darkens and reddens as a result of sputtering from solar wind particles and bombardment of micrometeoroids. The extent of exposure to these space weathering agents is frequently calculated as the location in a diagram of reflectance at 750 nm vs. 950 nm/750 nm color (R-C). Sim & Kim (2018) examined the R-C trends of pixels within ~3,500 craters, and revealed that the length (L) and skewness (s) of R-C trends can be employed as a secondary age or maturity indicator. We broaden this research to general lunar surface areas (3,400 tiles of 0.25° × 0.25° size) in 218 mare basalt units, whose ages have been derived from the size-frequency distribution analysis by Hiesinger et al. (2011). We discover that L and s rise with age until ~3.2 Gyr and reduce rather rapidly afterward, while the optical maturity, OMAT, reduces monotonically with time. We show that in some situations, when not only OMAT but also L and s are incorporated in the estimation utilizing 750 & 950 nm photometry, the age estimation becomes considerably more reliable. We also observed that OMAT and the lunar cratering chronology function (cumulative number of craters larger than a certain diameter as a function of time) have a relatively linear relationship.