• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2006

This research is the hair damage as treating a permanent wave before and after that is compared and analyzed the change of physical and mechanical properties. This is the survey of women's hair in 20 years old. On the basis of this we would like to analyze a extend of hair damage. Also, we would to show a basic data for hair damage prevention and hair improvement to keep the beautiful and healthy hair. The conclusion is as follow. : The swelling degree after the treatment was found to be greater than before permanent wave treatment. For the formational characteristics wave, untreated hair certainly had more elastic S curl wave than damaged hair in all the permanent wave treatments, and damaged hair and extremely damaged hair had less elasticity and had saggy S curl wave. The protein permanent and soft permanent wave had thicker, gorgeous, and better elastic wave than the regular permanent wave and direct heating permanent wave in all the hair condition. As the degree of damage on hair got greater, the tensile strength dramatically decreased and as the degree of damage got greater, the elongation was great as well. For treatment method, direct heating permanent wave showed the greatest effect, causing the most damage.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1051-1059
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• 2007

This study intends to find out possible variations in physical properties and color of hair depending on dye type(acidic and alkalic) and permanent treatment/hair dyeing procedure. To meet the goals, healthy hair samples were taken from 5 women's hair speciment in 20's without experiencing in any harmful substance via long-term medications. and beauty care using chemicals. To get possible findings depending upon hair dye type and treatment procedure, both acidic and alkalic hair dye were applied on some specimens after permanent treatment, while on other specimens before permanent treatment. In order to determine scale damage, this study used SEM(Hitachi S-2500C) both hair thickness and tensile strength were measured with optical microscope(Nikon, MM-60/L3T) and Instron (4482-standard). Wave configuration was measured transverse and longitudinal round diameter. The chromaticity of each specimen was measured using a spectrocolorimeter(Color Techno System, JP/JX-777) with visual $C/2^{\circ}$ (at $2^{\circ}$ with C light source) monitor fixed to determine Lab and CMYK values. As a result, it was found that hair specimens were more significantly damaged with alkalic hair dye treatment than with acidic hair dye treatment, while hair specimens were more effectively dyed with the former hair dye type than with the latter one. For possible results depending on treatment procedure, it was found that hair specimens were less damaged but more effectively dyed with permanent treatment followed by hair dyeing than vice versa. Therefore, it was concluded that permanent treatment followed by acidic hair dyeing would be more effective in reducing hair damages.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2008

Hair manicure is usually and widely operated in the area of hair-dyeing by the reason that acidic hair color is less damaged and more stable than other chemical color treatment. However, there is no an in-depth study to prove them. This study purposes to provide basic resources for effectively using products of hair manicure by experiments on Physical Properties of Hair. Hair of one healthy woman in mid-20's, Level 4, was sampled for experiments. For the tests, hair samples were classified by the frequency of hair manicure treatment The control group(a), once treatment(b), twice(c), three times(d), four times(e) and five times(f). The results were measured with Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) and Tensile Strength and Elongation test. The lower Values of Tensile Strength according to repeated hair manicure treatment. Elongation is not affected by the frequency of hair manicure treatment. There was no remarkable change of hair surface in once(b) and twice(c) treatment. The change of hair surface which was able to judge by cuticle layers looseness, tunics and the transformation of cuticle cell were observed in the hair samples operating more than three times(d) of hair manicure treatment.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.96-100
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• 2005

The bleaching is one of the worst factors which leads to the damage of the human hair. The cuticle of the human hair is injured by the alkali that is one of the chief ingredients of a bleaching agent. The alkali component of the bleaching solution chemically reacts with human hair, reducing the tenacity and dissolving the cuticle layer. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of bleaching time and temperature on the physical properties and morphology. The results were as follows. 1. The stress-strain curves for human hair indicated the three distinct regions, such as Hookean region, Yield region and post-Yield region. The tenacity of hair is reduced gradually with an increase of bleaching time. Under these same conditions, elongation of the hair increased. 2. The greatest drop in tenacity for hair occured between $40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ of bleaching temperature. 3. Compared with the virgin hair, bleached hair showed a slower rate of weight reduction in the TGA thermogram. The rate decreased gradually as the bleaching time and temperature increased. 4. As the bleaching conditions reached time and temperature extremes, the human hair cuticle became more damaged. The cuticle layers seemed to have dissolved, as seen in the SEM photographs.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2010

Objects : Glycine max Merr. (black bean), Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and Oryza sativa L. (rice bran) have been widely used for treatment of relaxion of smooth muscle, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and alopecia in Korean Traditional Medicine. In this research, we examined the effect of the extracts, obtained from EtOH extracts of 3 kinds of traditional plants, on hair growing activity of the DP6 and C3H10T1 cell and physical properties. Materials and Methods : On the basis of previous studies, three traditional plants were selected and we extracted them with ethanol. We evaluated their hairy dermal papillar cell proliferation activity and mouse mesenchymal stem cell in vitro model. Also, 3 herbal extracts were added to the normal shampoo formulation in ranges of 0.1% and we validated tensile properties and physical changes using aged hair. In this research, we compared the tensile strength, shine and color appearance between the hair (general formulation) and the hair after applying shampoo with natural extracts. To analyze the luster and color image, we use the SAMBA hardware and software made by Bossa Nova Technologies. Results : In the comparative test for tensile characteristic between the hair treated general formulation(control) and the hair applying special formulation including 3 kinds of extracts, tensile distance and energy of the latter are larger than control on average. The shine and color appearance were also increased after using shampoo including natural extracts(shine : 10.9%, color appearance: 24.12%). We observed the enhancement of hair growth activity in the DP6 and C3H10T1 cell. Especially black bean extracts had the most powerful effect in the dermal papillar cell proliferation. Conclusion : These experiments suggest that extracts of Glycine max Merr. (black bean), Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and Oryza sativa L. (rice bran) stimulate the hair growth activity and can improve physical activities of aged hair. Shampoo product, which contains 3 kinds of natural extracts, would be used for the treatment for aged hair.

• Korea Journal of Cosmetic Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Protection mechanisms for skin damage of ultraviolet (UV) absorbers in personal care products for protection against UV are well studied, but not for hair protection. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the changes of physical property produced in human hair by doses of the UV-B exposure causing protein degradation. To observe the change of physical properties in hair, the experimental intensity of UV-B exposure has been established on the basis of statistical data from official meterological administration as daily one hour sunlight exposure for two weeks. Polysilicone-15, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), and octocrylene were employed for UV-B absorber, and those were treated to hair swatch by rubbing wash through shampoo and conditioner. Bending rigidity displayed kinetically successive reduction at high doses of UV exposure up to the 8,000 s, and exhibited different level at each sample of UV-B absorber. However, the values of Bossa Nova Technologies (BNT) for shinning factor were already saturable at the 2,000 s exposure except that treated with polysilicone-15. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to measure a strength of inner protein produces a successive reduction of enthalpy as like a reduction of bending rigidity upon UV exposure. Surface roughness from lateral force microscope (LFM) acquired immediately after UV exposure show a saturable frictional voltage which has been also found in a saturable BNT data as the time of UV exposure increases. Through researching the DSC and the LFM, shinning of hair was much correlated to the protein damage at the surface, and bending rigidity could be regulated by the protein structural damage inside hair. Therefore, the optimization of efficient strategy for simultaneous prevention of hair protein on the surface and internal hair was required to maintain physical properties against UV.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2018

화학적으로 손상된 모발은 모발 자체의 물리적 특성이 약해져서 일상생활 중에 외부 자극에 취약하다. 본 연구의 목적은 모발 케라틴 단백질간의 화학적 결합이 모발의 인장강도를 회복이 반복적인 빗질 하에서 더 이상의 모발 악화를 방지하는지 여부를 결정하는 데 있다. 손상된 모발은 펌 시술을 통해 얻었다. 펌 손상 모발을 관능성 가교제인 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)을 이용하여 실란 커플링 및 카르보디이미드 반응을 통해 모발 내부에 가교 결합이 형성되도록 처리하였다. 인장 강도, 영률 및 고원 응력(plateau stress)을 포함한 물리적 특성을 측정하여 내부 가교 결합의 효과를 확인하였고, 가교 결합의 존재는 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) 분광법으로 확인하였다. 모발 절단 및 갈라짐의 정도는 건조 상태 모발의 반복적 빗질 시험으로 평가하였다. 결과적으로 화학적으로 손상된 모발의 물리적 성질은 내부 가교 결합으로 회복되었다. APTES의 실란 커플링 및 카르보디이미드 반응의 결합은 FT-IR 스펙트럼으로 확인하였다. 열을 가하면서 반복적으로 빗어 낸 후 모발의 절단 및 갈라짐 방지가 확인되었다. 인간의 모발은 펌 시술을 포함한 화학적 손상으로 약화될 수 있으므로 이러한 특성을 복원하는 것은 헤어 케어 업계의 주요 과제다. 본 연구에서는 화학적 결합을 통해 손상된 모발의 내부에 가교 결합 형성이 모발의 건강을 회복시키는 강력한 방법이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.94-105
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• 2006

Hair bleaching is a treatment process in which the melanic pigment is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide. With the increase of the number of treatments, $1{\sim}10$ levels of various colors develop, the hair luster diminishes, and the appearance becomes very rough. In this study, by changing the number of hair bleaching and bleaching conditions, the changes in the degree of hair damage and its process were observed through the use of scanning electron microscopy. The color changes were also compared through the use of spectrophotometer. In order to study the physical changes of the bleached hairs and to search for the optimum conditions to keep the hair damages minimum during bleaching, tensile properties were measured and reviewed. By increasing the number of hair bleaching and by the severe conditions, the scales became eroded and the protection layers were decreased, and the oxidation reached the inner sectors resulting in rough surface and fibrillation. The surface of the hairs became bright yellowish and transparent by the bleaching of melanic pigments or by the destruction of pigments. With the increase of bleaching degree, in terms of physical changes, the breaking strength decreased while the elongation increased a little.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2018

코아세르베이트의 구조는 모발의 침착에 매우 큰 영향을 줄 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 모발의 표면 성질과 모발 손상에 미치는 영향에 대해 상대적으로 미세하고 균일한 구조를 갖는 코아세르베이트의 효과를 조사하였다. 본 연구에서는 10% 농도로 희석한 샴푸 용액에서 크기가 다른 코아세르베이트를 탐구하였다. 하나의 용액은 입자의 크기가 균일하지 않은 코아세르베이트(평균 $10-300{\mu}m$m)를 함유하고, 다른 용액은 미세하고 균일 한 구조(평균 $1-3{\mu}m$)의 코아세르베이트를 형성하였다. 샴푸가 모발의 물리적 성질과 모발 손상에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해 두 종류의 샴푸를 사용하여 모발 파괴 특성, 색 변화, 마찰 특성, 지질 함량 및 모발 표면을 조사하였다. 결과는 상대적으로 미세하고 균일한 크기의 코아세르베이트가 모발 표면에 고르게 침착되었음을 명확하게 보여주었다. 결과적으로, 코아세르베이트 계는 모발 마찰, 파손 특성 및 색상과 같은 모발의 표면 성질에 실질적으로 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 마찰력 역시 크게 감소하였다. 미세하고 균일 한 크기의 코아세르베이트의 사용은 현저하게 모발 표면 특성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 결론적으로, 모발 파괴가 감소하였고 코아세르베이트의 모발 손상에 대한 영향은 현저하게 높았다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.185-198
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• 2019

인체 조직은 노화 현상을 겪으면 산화로 인한 손상이 진행되어 구조적인 변화가 일어나고 물성 저하를 겪는다. 피부가 겪는 노화 과정은 잘 알려져 있고 많은 평가가 수행되고 있지만 상대적으로 모발(머리카락)의 노화에 의한 평가는 잘 진행되어 있지 않아 모발의 노화를 케어하는 연구가 어려운 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 모발의 노화 현상을 케어할 효능 기작을 적용할 수 있도록 노화된 모발 샘플을 제작하고 물성을 평가하여 안티에이징 효능을 확인하는 것을 목적으로 진행하였다. 먼저 내인성 노화가 진행된 모발의 지질량을 외인성 노화를 진행시킨 시료들과 비교한 결과, 펌 1회 처리 모발이 60대의 모발 지질량과 가장 유사함을 발견하였고, 이 모발을 통해서 원자 현미경으로 나노 스케일의 거칠기와 매크로 스케일의 인장강도를 평가하여 내인성 노화 모발과 유사한 물성 값을 가지고 있음을 확증하였다. 실제로 펌 처리를 통해 외인성으로 노화시킨 모발에 카르보디이미드와 펩타이드 결합을 적용하여 DSC로 구조적 변화와 거칠기 및 인장강도를 확인한 결과, 외인성 요인으로 노화된 모발을 에이징 이전의 상태의 물성 쪽으로 개선시키는 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 내인성 노화에 의해서 소실 된 내부 구성 성분을 프로폴리스를 이용하여 보강한 경우에도 외인성 노화가 유도된 모발의 물성이 에이징 이전 상태의 물성으로 회복되는 안티 에이징 효능이 발생함을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 외인성 노화 유발 모발 시료 및 평가는 모발의 외인성 노화 연구에 유용하게 적용될 수 있음을 최초로 확인하였다.