• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.115-123
• /
• 2007

Agents in Multi-Agent System; (MAS) should make use of a common Agent Communication Language (ACL) in order to negotiate with others, and conform to negotiation protocols thatare designed to reach agreements. Therefore, agents must have suitable architectures that could cover above requirements. In this paper, we define an instructive ACL and compare it with other ACLs such as Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) ACL and Knowledge Query Manipulation Language(KQML), In particular, we represent agents as logic programs with knowledge base and negotiation library. Finally, we show how the planner, which is in the negotiation library, provides the plan of actions and updates agent's knowledge base.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2000

The purposes of this study were to research the current state of evaluation of children with delayed development and cerebral palsy and determine pediatric physical therapists' knowledge of assessment tools and their use. The subjects were 130 pediatric physical therapists (general hospitals, university-related hospitals, rehabilitation centers, etc.). Data was obtained from August 24, 1999 to October 18, 1999 by means of a survey questionnaire. The results were as follows: 1. The current state of pediatric physical therapist evaluation of children with delayed development and cerebral palsy. 1) Tools used to assess functional areas of children with cerebral palsy were: subjective description format-128 (47.1%); the GMFM-58 (21.3%); facility-generated tool-51 (18.8%); and DDST-15 (5.5%). 2) Tools used to assess developmentally delayed children were: subjective description format-121 (50.6%); the GMFM-43 (18.0%); facility-generated tool-41 (17.2%); and DDS T-14 (5.9%). 3) After their college or university study, therapists who had attended lectures on evaluation were 113 (86.9%); 13 (10.0%) therapists had not attended any lectures on evaluation 2. Test scores of physical therapists' professional knowledge of evaluation procedures: high (more than 36 points)-74 (56.9%); moderate (18~35 points)-39 (30.0%); and low (below 17 points)-none. 1) For therapists treating cerebral palsied children, 73 (65.2%) were in the high range, 39 (34.8%) were in the moderate range and none were in the low range. 2) For therapists treating children with delayed development, 71 (65.7%) were in the high range, 37 (34.3%) were in the moderate range and none were in the low range. Although the general degree of professional knowledge of evaluation was quite high, there was a lack of variety in the assessment tools used With a large number of therapists depending on subjective description. Possible reasons for the low rate of objective asses sment tool use: 1) Poor clinical environment: too many clients and lirnited treatment time. 2) Lack of any medical insurance fee category for specific assessment tools. 3) Lack of continuing education opportunities in pediatric evaluation skills during or after either college-based (3 year) or university-based (4 year) education programs. Based on the study results, provision of more extended educational opportunities would promote the use of a greater variety of objective assessment tools by pediatric physical therapists.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.877-885
• /
• 2010

Objectives : This study was carried out with the aim of utilizing it as basic data in a plan for oral health promotion by analyzing oral-health awareness in high school students of some districts in our country, and by analyzing physical, mental and social influential factors in oral health, through using OHIP(Oral Health Impact Profile). Methods : It surveyed by carrying out self-administered questionnaire research targeting 536 boy & girl high school students in the 1st and the 2nd grade at 3 high schools in some districts of Gyeonggi Province. Results : 1. As for experience of having not visited dental clinic, a case of having not visited accounted for 32.5%. On the other hand, a case of having visited accounted for 67.5%. As for the appearance of oral health education, only 2.8% responded as saying of having experience. 97.2% responded as saying of having not taken oral health education. 2. As for oral health state perceived by oneself, the response as saying of 'thinking it to be healthy' and that 'there is something wrong' showed the distribution of 34.1% that is the same ratio. As for oral health interest, a case of having a little interest(58.4%) or of being so much interested(12.5%) showed 70.9%. A case of having no special interest(24.8%) or of having no interest at all(4.3%) showed the level of 29.1%.3. As for oral health knowledge, the toothbrushing knowledge was the highest with 4.54 marks out of 6-point perfection. The toothbrush knowledge(4-point perfection) showed low point with 2.05 marks. 4. By gender, a case of men was high in OHIP(Oral Health Impact Profile) for the functional restriction and physical pain. On the other hand, in the remaining sphere, women were indicated to be high in OHIP. The statistically significant difference was indicated in the spheres such as physical pain, psychological discomfort, a drop in psychological ability, a drop in social ability, and social separation. 5. According to oral health state perceived by oneself, a case of thinking it to be healthy was indicated to be high in OHIP for every sphere. A case of thinking it to have gum disease was indicated to be low in OHIP for every sphere. The statistically significant difference was indicated in every sphere except the sphere of functional restriction. 6. As for a factor of having influence upon OHIP according to oral health knowledge, it was indicated that the higher toothbrush knowledge leads to having more influence upon OHIP. Conclusions : It could be known that the oral health knowledge and OHIP are varied as well according to the oral health interest level. Also, the oral health education proper for subjects is not being performed. Even as for frequency of visiting the dentist, a regular visit is failing to be made. In consideration of these points, the diversified and effective educational program is likely considered to be necessarily developed and improved that subjects can have more interest in oral health.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.313-332
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to grasp the condition of freshman's knowledge and attitudes on abortion and to offer the basic materials to prevent abortion in family planning and health promotion. The objects were comprised of 290 who volunteered from 3 Junior colleges. The material of this study was by questionaire(chronbach a=.8589, .8959) suited to the purpose of this research which has been made through studying references. All the questionaires were collected immediately without explanation. The data was collected from the 29th of April to the 17th of May in 1996. Analysis of the data was done utilizing SPSS program for percentage, $mean{\pm}$ standard deviation and ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1. General features of the objects of study. Mean age was 20.47, mean of brothers and sisters was 2.93. Those who had no experience in abortion with her mother was 59.0%, and the middle social level was the highest (95.5%). 2. The conditions of attitudes about abortion. 5 points were given to 'very affirming' and, 1 point was given to 'strong denial' the total average was 4.00, and the range was $4.83\sim2.99$. 3. The condition of knowledge about abortion. 5 point were given to 'very affirming' and, 1 point was given to 'strong denial', the total average was 2.75, the range was $3.65\sim2.18$. Also knowledge of abortion was 6.2 points. Knowledge of medical and therapeutic abortion was 9.4 points. Knowledge of the physical complications of abortion was 3.4 points. 4. Correlation between general features and attitude variables. Age groups may have a higher affirmative attitude score in abortion(F=8.097, p<.000). The having 2 sisters group may have a low attitude towards abortion(F=10.34l, p<.000). Experience in abortion with mother group may have a lower affirmative score concerning abortion (t=8.925, p<.000). 5. Correlation between general features and knowledge variables. Age groups may have a higher knowledge score in abortion (F=10.829, p<.000). The having brothers group may have more high knowledge in abortion(F=2.534, p<.050). The $22\sim23$ years group may have higher knowledge in abortion (F=3.075, p<.028). The having more than 2 sisters group have more higher knowledge in abortion(F=5.605, p<.004). The having more the 3 brothers group may have higher knowledge the physical complications in abortion(F=4.022, p<.019). 6. Correlation between regions of the major variables and knowledge, attitude variables. There was no significance in the statistics.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 2002

This study addresses the need to adopt teaching-learning approaches in physical therapy education that develop links between theory and clinical practice in a meaningful way. Problem-based learning (PBL) is presented as a useful way to educate physical therapy for the future. The essential characteristics of problem-based learning include: curricular organization around problems rather than disciplines; an integrated curriculum rather than one separated into clinical and theoretical components; and an inherent emphasis on cognitive skills as well as on knowledge. PBL as implemented in the health sciences, is an educational method in which the focus of learning is a small-group tutorial in which students work through health care scenarios. The goals of the health care scenarios are to provide a context for learning, to activate prior knowledge, to motivate students, and to stimulate discussion. Learning is student-centered rather than faculty-centered, and self-directed learning is emphasized. Whereas the former focuses on critical thinking and clinical judgement, the latter's emphasis is on clinical competency. The physical therapist (PT) program at Cheju Halla college is a partial integrated problem-based curriculum. The history and process of PBL in general and in the PT program are reviewed. Long-term advocates of PBL stress that it is the only known method for preparing future professionals to be able to adapt to change, learning how to reason critically, enabling a holistic approach to health.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.415-424
• /
• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Existing evidence on lifestyle modification programs for weight loss is limited by the high attrition rate of such programs. Identifying predictors of adherence to a lifestyle modification program could result in program improvement. However, little is known about behavior-specific adherence and its psychological predictors. This study aimed to examine the psychological predictors of adherence after one-month participation in a community-based lifestyle modification program among Chinese overweight and obese adults in Hong Kong. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 205 Chinese overweight and obese adults aged $38.9{\pm}10.5years$ completed the study. Data were collected at baseline and after one month using self-reported questionnaires, which assessed knowledge (self-developed scale), motivation (Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire), stage of change (Stage of Exercise Scale) and self-efficacy (Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale). At one month, a 4-day dietary recall and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form were used to assess dietary and physical activity (PA) adherence. Food and PA diaries were examined to indicate self-monitoring. Program attendance was tracked between baseline and one-month follow-up. RESULTS: After one month, participants reported high dietary adherence, attendance, and adherence to self-monitoring but low PA adherence. Multiple regression analyses suggested that diet self-efficacy (baseline) and nutrition knowledge (one-month change) were independent predictors of dietary adherence score at one month, whereas autonomous PA motivation (baseline) and PA self-efficacy (both baseline and one-month change) were independent predictors of PA adherence score at one month. No significant psychological predictor was identified for attendance or self-monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the effect of psychological factors on adherence differs between diet and PA adherence outcomes. To promote adherence, practitioners should assess self-efficacy, knowledge, and motivation at the beginning of a weight-loss program and explore behavior-specific strategies to improve knowledge and self-efficacy. The results of this study have direct implications for program improvements.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2009

Background: Various functional factors should be incorporated during assessment and intervention for patient rehabilitation. Stable respiratory function is one of required factors for functional restoration. To maximize respiratory physical therapy intervention outcome, it is required to understand clinical features of respiratory diseases and physical therapy approaches. Methods: Previous studies were systematically reviewed through computerized search. Methodological qualities of selected studies were evaluated and the levels of recommendations were determined. Results: Assessment for respiratory pattern and thoracic mobility is of importance to improve cardiopulmonary fitness during physical reconditioning. Application of optimal therapeutic protocol can increase thoracic mobility and respiratory function. Interdisciplinary communication is critical during rehabilitation for respiratory patients. Health care provider should have professional knowledge and experience for cardiopulmonary fitness and obligation to endeavor for patients' respiratory rehabilitation. It is necessary to standardize therapeutic intervention, and rehabilitative respiratory exercise should be applied to confirm the effects of intervention. Conclusion: Respiratory diseases that may reduce patients' quality of life and cardiopulmonary fitness should be resolved through physical therapy approaches. Through conducting research, effect of evidence-based and patients' function-oriented intervention can be determined.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.74-79
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the FES-gait with augmented feedback training to the FES alone on the gait and functional performance in individuals with chronic stroke. Methods: This study used a pretest and posttest randomized control design. The subjects who signed the agreement were randomly divided into 12 experimental groups and 12 control groups. The experimental groups performed two types of augmented feedback training (knowledge of performance and knowledge of results) together with FES, and the control group performed FES on the TA and GM without augmented feedback and then walked for 30 minutes for 40 meters. Both the experimental groups and the control groups received training five times a week for four weeks. Results: The groups that received the FES with augmented feedback training significantly showed a greater improvement in single limb support (SLS) and gait velocity than the groups that received FES alone. In addition, timed up and go (TUG) test and six minute walk test (6MWT) showed a significant improvement in the groups that received FES with augmented feedback compared to the groups that received FES alone. Conclusion: Compared with the existing FES gait training, augmented feedback showed improvements in gait parameters, walking ability, and dynamic balance. The augmented feedback will be an important method that can provide motivation for motor learning to stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.88-93
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The aim of the study was to develop a Korean version of an ICF e-Learning tool (KICF e-Learning tool). Methods: The process of translation and adaptation of the ICF e-Learning tool was followed: two translators developed the Korean versions independently, and a consensus version of the translation was then produced. An expert committee, which was composed of five experts from physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech pathology, and social welfare, reviewed the consensus Korean version to make a beta version of the tool. A field test was conducted to determine if the Korean version of the tool was easy to understand and suitable to use in ICF learning. Feedback from the field test were used for the final adaptation of the KICF e-Learning tool. Results: One-hundred and twenty-six volunteers (40 males and 76 females) were invited to examine the KICF e-Learning tool. The participants reported various levels of ICF knowledge from none to very good. Forty-eight participants reported no knowledge of ICF. The majority of participants (n=84) reported that Korean terms or expression in the tool were easy to understand and one-hundred fourteen participants would recommend the tool to another person. The Korean cases would be helpful for a Korean audience to study the ICF using the tool. Conclusion: The KICF e-Learning tool was developed and is ready for use by the public for the consistency of ICF education. On the other hand, development of an advanced module will be needed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.202-208
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate awareness of physical therapists about cardiopulmonary physical therapy and patterns of its use, and to offer materials about how to apply cardiopulmonary physical therapy. Methods: For this study, structured questionnaires were distributed to 158 physical therapists in general hospitals, hospitals, Chinese medicine hospitals and clinics in Cheonnam area who were randomly selected as research subjects. After the questionnaires were handed out to them for 180 days from July to December 2013, they were collected. Results: The results showed that only 14 respondents(25%) knew about the therapeutic intervention of cardiopulmonary physical therapy, while respectively, 57.1% and 17.9% of them responded they didn't know about it well, and they didn't know about it, at all. As a result, physical therapists' awareness about cardiopulmonary physical therapy was at an extremely low level, overall. Moreover, 60.7%, 7.1%, 8.9% and 23.3% of the subjects answered that they obtained knowledge about cardiopulmonary physical therapy from school curriculum, from association seminars, from related books and from other sources, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the application or use of cardiopulmonary physical therapy as a physical therapy intervention is quite inadequate, although the necessity for cardiopulmonary physical therapy of physical therapists is being highlighted. Therefore, constant interests and efforts of physical therapists and clinicians would be required for effective use of cardiopulmonary physical therapy, clinical verification and active researches on it.