• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1702-1707
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• 2003

Absorptive material arrangement method for effective interior noise control is proposed. Sound field with arbitrary boundary condition is formulated by Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral equation. A simple example such as a rectangular cavity will present physical meaning between changing boundary condition and control of sound field. The effect of changing boundary condition is expressed in modal admittance. From this formulation, an admittance map is presented. The admittance map is the figure to represent position where absorptive material is attached. The admittance map can be assigned to each resonant frequency. There, however, may be common area of those maps. Then, frequency robust arrangement of absorptive material in noise control will be presented.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2012

Objective: The purpose of this study is to figure out the effects of Muscle energy techniques on patients with Whiplash injury caused by traffic accidents Methods: This study was carried out on the 8 patients with cervical pain caused by whiplash injury. These patients was treated with muscle energy techniques addition to acupuncture treatment, physical therapy and herbal medication. The result of this treatment were evaluated by VAS, PAS and PSSG score. Results: The cervical pain of patients was significantly decreased in VAS, PAS and PSSG score. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it was suggested that MET treatment was effective in reducing cervical pain caused by whiplash injury.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.127-132
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• 2002

Numerical and experimental works have been made in order to figure out the physical mechanism of thermal storage system for the determination of optimal design and to enhance the thermal efficiency of the system. To this end a computer program is developed and evaluated successfully against experimental data measured with a bench scale facility. Considering the thermal efficiency of storage is critically impaired by the mixing effect, the minimum flow mixing situation is calculated by the assumption of uniform plug-type flow as a reference condition. Further a parametric systematic calculations have been made for a hypothetical full-scale storage system with Fr, storage dimension, diffuser type and loading hour, etc.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.189-199
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• 2008

It is good to use DEA method as it can measure the efficiency without depending on a specific function like cost function. The method also finds out the most efficient group among the sample groups and gives us a specific number. For example, it shows what kind of factor of inefficient group gives how much input and produces how much output. Originally DEA, which was developed by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes, allows us not only to measure the relative efficiency of Decision Making Units(DMUs) of non-profit organizations whose success cannot be measured by a single bottom-line figure such as profit but also to integrate several variables, which have different measuring scale, into a single model. Therefore we can use physical scales and financial scales simultaneously in the same model without any transformation process. In this study, price and measurable performance indexes of vehicles are used as input and outputs respectively. The purpose of this study is to propose an effective approach for evaluating the relative efficiency of vehicles and to determine the vehicles have high performance efficiency compared to product cost.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.143-157
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• 2003

This paper examines the changed consumer perception to internet based channel. Internet based channel has time merit, place merit, assortment merit, compatibility merit, and so on. For seller, in the mean while, it has merits in the way of diminishing physical distribution cost, promotion cost, and reaching globally in the same time. In spite of so many merits of internet based channel, there were many types complain in past. Most of all, consumers expect that it will provide low-price merit to consumer, because it doesn't need shop, warehouse, stock, etc. Based on the empirical analyses in past, it didn't work, especially to price oriented consumer's perception. But in this research, it shows changing consumer's perception. Comparing past data with current data, we found outstanding gross in price related variables figure. But, in goods delivery related factors and personal credit information related factor, consumer recognized much more negatively yet. So, we conclude that even though some factors show improved perception, there are tasks to solve. We will observe the tuning point at that time.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.98-117
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• 1994

To provide data for the contents regarding environmental health (environmental hygiene, environmental pollution) in the textbooks of primary, middle and high schools, a total of 243 textbooks was analysed for two months from May, to July 31, 1993. Among the total 52844.50 pages, 1.65% was related to the environmental health, which account for 870.00 pages. In the textbooks by school level, the rate of the contents regarding environmental health in primary school was 1.63% (148.75 pages). that of middle school was 1.96% (243.25 pages) and that of high school was 1.53% (478.00 pages). The area of environmental hygiene was 0.24% (129.25 pages) and that of environmental pollution was 1.40% (740.75 pages) which is slightly high. In the field of environmental hygiene, the rate of the contents in the middle school textbooks was 0.53% which was the higher than that of the primary and high school textbooks. The rate of environmental pollution area was not significantly different by school level but the number of the pages was the higher at the high school than that of the primary and middle schools, which account for 428.8 pages. The contents related by the areas were as follows: 1. Contents related to environmental hygiene 1) Among environemtnal hygiene contents, the rate of housing sanitation was the highest as 0.14% (73.00 pages), that of air environment was 0.06% (33.00 pages) and that of water supply sanitation was 0.03% (17.25 pages). The portion of air environment was 5.00 pages in the primary school textbooks and that of housing sanitation at the middle and high schools was each 35.0 pages, 35.50 pages, which was the more than that of other fields. By school year, there was no contents related at the 1st and 2nd grades but were 4.75 pages at the 4th grade which were the more than those of other grades. At the 5th grade, water supply sanitation part was found but not air environment. Housing sanitation was found at the 3rd, 5th grades and insect or rodent control was at the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th grades. 2) In the middle school textbooks related to environmental health, 41.0 pages were included in the textbooks of pysical education, the highest number. The next was 19.5 pages in home economics, 2.8 pages in social studies and 3.00 pages in others. The contents of air environment were found in the textbooks of physical education and science, those of water supply and housing sanitation were in home economics and physical education and those of insect control were found 0.5 pages in home economics only. 3) In the high school textbooks, the highest number was 27.8 pages of home economics and the next was 11.5 pages of others, 7.8 pages of physical education, 2.0 pages of science and 0.3 pages of social studies. Air environment parts were included in the textbooks of science, physical education and home economics and water sanitation was in home economics, physical education and others. Housing sanitation was showed in home economics and social studies, on the other side the contents of insect or rodent control was found in home economics and physical education. 4) By the subjects related to environmental hygiene in the primary, middle and high school textbooks, 51.0 pages of home economics were the highest portion. It was also revealed that 49.5 pages of physical education, 14.5 pages of others, 13.5 pages of science and 0.8 pages of social studies were included. The number of 33.0 pages of air environment portion was distributed into 9.75 pages of science, 19.0 pages of physical education and 4.25 pages of others. Among 17.3 pages of water sanitation, 3.5 pages of home economics, 11.3 pages of physical education and 2.5 pages of others were included. Housing sanitation portions were 73.0 pages, which were distributed into 46.5 pages of home economics, 0.5 pages of social studies, 18.3 pages of physical education and 7.8 pages of others. 5) The number of photo, figure, illustration and table related in the primary school textbooks was 31. Among them, the number of photos was 21, that of figures or illustrations was 9 and that of table was 1. The number of 63 in the middle school textbooks was classified into 3 photos, 32 figures or illustrations and 28 tables. At the high school, the number of 56 was included 2 photos, 41 figures or illustrations and 13 tables.2. Contents related to environmental pollution 1) In the field of environmental pollution, the rate of water pollution was 0.39% (203.3 pages), that of air pollution was 0.31% (161.5 pages) that of soil pollution was 0.1% (57.3 pages), that of refuse disposal was 0.08% (40.3 pages) and others was 0.5% (278.5 pages) by school level, the rate of water pollution in the primary, middle and high schools was each 40.5, 48.0, 118.8 pages and that of air pollution was each 20.8, 38.3, 102.5 pages. 2) Environmental pollution areas were not inserted in the textbooks at the 1st grade of the primary school but foqnd 5.5 pages at the 2nd grade, 30.5 pages at the 4th grade, 36.3 pages at the 5th grade and a,9.5 pages at the 6th grade. Water pollution was included from the 2nd grade, air pollution and refuse disposal from the 3rd grade and soil pollution from the 5th grade. 3) In the middle school textbooks, environmental pollution was distributed into 90.25 pages of science, 42.8. pages of physical education, 20.5 pages of social studies, 19.5 pages of others and 4.0 pages of home economics. At the high school, the contents were found 191.3 pages in science, 119.3 pages in others, 88.5 pages in social studies, 28.5 pages in physical education and 1.3 pages in home economics. 4) By subjects of the primary, middle and high schools, the portion of environmental pollution was classified into 322.2 pages of science, 195.0 pages of social studies, 138.8 pages of others, 76.3 pages of physical education and 8.5 pages of home economics. Air and soil pollution parts were not found in the subjects of home economics. 5) The number of photo, figure or illustration and table related in the primary school textbooks was 218. Among them, the number of photos was 61, that of figures or illustrations was 149 and that of tables was 8. At the middike school, the number of 153 was distributed into 99 photos, 34 figures or illustrations and 20 tables. The number of 129 found in the high school textbooks was included 129 photos, 73 figures or illustrations and 100 tables.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.4 s.94
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• pp.107-123
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• 2005

In this thesis, I tried to compare and analyze the characteristics of the costume worn by leading figures of French movie 'Dangerous Liaison' and Korean movie 'The Scandal'. I compared the costumes they wear with the costumes of 18th century Fran[e and also tried to analyze how the costumes represent the psychological status of the persons in the movie. Since these two movies are based on the same original novel, the major figure's characters, socio-economic status and the situations they faced are similar but the physical background are very different, that is Fran[e and Korea. The analysis of the costume worn by similar characters in the two movies show differences due to the intention of tile producer's. The costumes used in Scandal shows much more use of varied colors to represent the characters of the major roles while Dangerous Liaison more faithfully follows the evidences of the costume used in the period in France. As seen from the result of this analysis, we can deduce that the costumes used in the movie not only have the simple role of clothes but also itforms the image of the figure in the movie representing the social and economic status of the person who wears them. Because of these demands, the designer should posses profound knowledge of history of the costumes of the period as well as the creativity to harmonize them with the atmosphere that the movie intend to appeal.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2004

We fabricated cube-textured Ni and Ni-W alloy substrates for coated conductors and characterized the effects of W addition on microstructure, mechanical strength, and magnetic properties of the substrate. Pure Ni and Ni-(2, 3, 5at.%)W alloys were prepared by plasma arc melting, heavily cold rolled and then annealed at various temperatures of $600-1300^{\circ}C$. The texture was evaluated by pole-figure and orientation distribution function (ODF) analysis. Mechanical properties were investigated by micro Vickers hardness and tension test. Ferromagnetism of the substrate was measured by physical property measurement system (PPMS). It was observed that Ni-W substrates had sharp cube texture, and the full-width at half-maximums (FWHMs) of in-plane texture was $^{\circ}$-5.57$4.42^{\circ}$, which is better than that of pure Ni substrate. In addition cube texture of Ni-W substrates was retained at higher temperature up to $1300^{\circ}C$. Microstructural observation showed that the Ni-W substrates had fine grain size and higher mechanical properties than the pure Ni substrate. These improvements are probably due to strengthening mechanisms such as solid solution hardening and/or grain size strengthening. PPMS analysis showed that addition of W effectively reduced saturation magnetization in applied magnetic field and Curie temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.101-105
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• 2002

FRP(Fiber glass reinforced plastics) is compound with materials, which are created to combine each other materials, of which nature of mechanical and chemical are different. Even though the weight and the thickness are identic, its physical figure of characteristic changes with consisting of lay-up and work situation. It is also a method of creating after manufacturing of mould. It has feature that manufacturing of FRP runs parallel design of material with design of structure simultaneously. The rule of FRP structure is distinguished from the length of a ship and it is hard to catch the feature of structure mechanics due to identical formula and figure used for it regardless of the shape of a ship or the speed. This studying, basing on a small FRP ship, will show te fundamental data needed to design of structure analysing the feature of intensity with direction, the method of Lay-up, and the characteristic of materials of FRP.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2007

Numerical results from the "figure-of-eight" motion of Phormia-Regina in Part 1 indicate that vortical structure and vortex dynamics do play a critical role in lift and thrust generation. The aerodynamic force generation of insects' wing could be governed by aerodynamic parameters such as Reynolds number; kinematic parameters such as frequency, amplitude, and component of the figure of eight motion; and morphological parameters such as wing shape and the number of wing. In the present work, the effects of Reynolds number, reduced frequency and motion component are investigated in detail to clarify aerodynamic characteristics of insect wing. Through numerical results and their physical interpretation, the mechanism of aerodynamic force generation is presented more clearly. Rotation turns out to be the most important component in thrust generation and subsequent counterclockwise rotational circulation is closely related with thrust generation.