• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.21-27
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the changes in the kinematic variables during walking on a downhill ramp according to the shoe heel height. METHODS: The subjects were 10 adult women with no history of musculoskeletal disorders who agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected using a motion analysis system (VICON) consisting of six infrared cameras. The slope was 120 cm in width, 200 cm in length, and 15 in inclination. To confirm the change in gait parameters (stride length, gait speed) and lower extremity joint angle according to the heel heights of the shoes, flat, 5 cm, and 10 cm heel shoes were prepared and walked alternately. RESULTS: As a result, both the stride length and walking speed showed significant differences according to the heel height between flat and 10 cm (p<.05). In the sagittal plane, there was no significant difference in the hip joint and knee joint, but a significant difference was observed in all events in the ankle joint on all heel heights (p<.05). In particular, the heel strike and mid stance events showed significant differences among all height conditions (p<.05). No significant difference was observed in any of the joint angle changes in the frontal plane (p>.05). CONCLUSION: As the shoe heel height increased, the instability increased and efforts to secure the stability were made, leading to a shortened stride length, walking speed, and angle of the ankle joint.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.222-227
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the influence of longitudinal arch on the strength and muscle activity of the abductor hallucis in the standing position in subjects with and without navicular drop signs. Methods: A sample of 34 subjects with and without navicular drop signs between 22 and 28 years of age were enrolled in this study. The strength and muscle activity of the abductor hallucis was measured using a tensiometer. The Smart KEMA System and electromyography device was used on the subjects with and without navicular drop signs. Two groups were classified using the navicular drop test to identify the longitudinal arch of the foot. The strength of the abductor hallucis was evaluated in standing, both with and without an external arch support condition. The two-way mixed ANOVA was used. The level of statistical significance was set to ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: The strength and muscle activity of the abductor hallucis in standing was significantly higher with external arch support than that without the external arch support in the group with navicular drop signs. There was no significant difference in the abductor hallucis strength and muscle activity with and without external arch support in the subjects without navicular drop signs. Conclusions: The strength and muscle activity of the abductor hallucis in standing can be influenced by the external arch support in the group with navicular drop signs. The strength measurement of the abductor hallucis in standing should be separately performed in conditions with and without longitudinal arch of foot.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 2019

A gas turbine is the main equipment of a power plant that generates electricity by high-speed rotation of the rotor in a high-temperature environment. In particular, in the case of medium to large-sized gas turbines, the rotor is composed of a plurality of stages, and each component is exposed to different physical environments. Especially, in the case of the tip clearance of the turbine, it is a very important factor in the performance of the design items and the operation of the stable turbine, and a design considering the physical behavior of all major parts should be done. In this study, we will discuss the process of visualizing the physical behavior of turbine operating conditions and the method of designing tip clearance for stable operation by using commercial finite element analysis program for gas turbine assembly model and single product.

• Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.204-216
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of a muscle strength reinforcement exercise program (MSREP) for older adult patients with hemodialysis (OAPHD) which was designed to improve health status and quality of life of these older adult patients. Methods: Participants were 40 patients with OAPHD: 20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. MSREP was conducted with the experimental group for 12 weeks at H geriatric hospital. An assessment was done to determine effects on physical performance, inflammation index, fatigue, muscle strength and quality of life. Short physical performance battery, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), visual analog scale for fatigue, object lifting' proposed by the Life Options Rehabilitation Advisory Council, sit-to-stand test, and quality of life index were used to gather data. Results: Between the 2 groups there was no significant difference in scores for physical performance, fatigue or quality of life. However, the 2 groups showed significant difference in CRP values and muscle power scores on post-test. Conclusion: Findings provide evidence for the potential utility of education for older adult patients with hemodialysis. Also, this program could allow these patients to increase muscle strength, and contribute to achieving better health conditions in OAPHD care.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental factors relating to children's outdoor play and to assess how the residential neighborhood is suitable for play in the perception of parents. Based on a citywide survey of 500 parents of elementary school students in grades 1-4 in Seoul, this empirical study shows that children's outdoor play environments in residential neighborhoods of Seoul have been observed to be overall unsuitable for play activity. Three physical environmental factors (spatial availability, neighborhood attractiveness, and street difficulties) and three social environmental factors (fear of crime, social interactions, and psychological comfort) are related to children's play activity. Five factors, with the exception of the psychological comfort factor, impact the suitability of children's outdoor play environment. Specifically, it is the physical environment, rather than the social environment, that was deemed unsuitable in spite of its impacts. These findings help us understand the current conditions of neighborhood play environments associated with children's play activity. It is necessary to improve parents' perceptions of the play environment and children's play activities by improving the physical environment.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.425-432
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• 2022

Antifouling paints that inhibit the attachment and contamination of marine organisms mainly use TBT compounds, but because of their toxic components, they cause ecosystem disturbance and environmental destruction problems, so It is necessary to research eco-friendly antifouling paints that are easy to maintain and effective antifouling technologies. In this study, physical surface treatment of silane coating and chemical antifouling technology were applied to the metal surface to secure the stability of the surface of the marine structure and inhibit the attachment and growth of marine organisms. Adhesion of marine organisms was evaluated according to the coating conditions through surface evaluation of the charged material for 15 months in the waters of the west coast of Korea. In accordance with ASTM D6990-05, antifouling properties fouling rates (FR) and physical degradation rates(PDR) were evaluated through visual inspection of the evaluation specimens. As a result of evaluating the antifouling performance of the coated surface, it was confirmed that the antifouling performance was maintained at the 50% level even after 15 months in the sample subjected to physical processing and silane coating.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate a plantar pressure distribution and the trajectory of the center of pressure on double limb support and single limb support according to level surface, air cushion, and aero step. Methods : 21 healthy adults participated in this study. The plantar pressure were assessed at three different surface conditions(on the level surface, air cushion, and aero step) on double limb support and single limb support. Testing orders were selected randomly. Results : Plantar pressure distribution show a significant difference contact area 1 and contact area 3 on double limb support and single limb support. The trajectory of the center of pressure show an significant difference anteroposterior(AP), mediolateral(ML), and total displacement on double limb support and single limb support. Conclusion : Through the use of soft surface as air cushion and aero step will be using the ankle strategy. This will be to strengthen the muscles around the ankle. Consequently, should help to improve stability and coordination.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2021

A normal range of motion is essential for performing activities of daily living. The capsular pattern is the proportional motion restriction in range of motion during passive exercises due to tightness of the joint capsule. Although the capsular pattern is widely referred to in clinical practice, there is no scientific evidence to support the concept. In this review, the appropriateness of the capsular pattern for evaluation of joint pathology was assessed. In the Textbook of Orthopaedic Medicine written by Cyriax, the capsular pattern did not specify how much reduction in angular motion is considered motion restriction. As the definition proposed initially was unclear, different methods have been used in previous studies investigating capsular pattern. In addition, the capsular pattern described all the major joints of the human body, but only the hip joint, knee joint, and shoulder joint were studied in experimental studies. Sensitivity and specificity were reported in one study and were meaningful in specific pathologies (loss of extension to loss of flexion). There was no consensus on the reliability and validity. In summary, the capsular pattern suggested by Cyriax or Kaltenborn is not supported or applies only to certain conditions. Various components around a joint complement each other and provide stability to the joint. It is recommended that the therapist perform multiple assessments rather than rely on a single assessment when evaluating joints.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze the physical properties of non-woven fabric sheets, which continue to grow in the cosmetic market. Non-woven fabric sheets were used as specimens, and a total of 17 samples were analyzed. To evaluate the physical properties of the non-woven fabric sheet, the weight, tensile strength, surface properties, free swell absorption, and wet stiffness were tested. Through the results itw was determined that non-woven fabric sheets for mask packs should be manufactured considering fiber arrangement so that the weight is 40 g/m², and the tensile strength should be maintained near 12 kgf. In addition, it was confirmed that the material selection and process conditions should be adjusted so that the free swell absorption is at least 8 g/g, and the wet stiffness is 200 mg. Therefore, since the non-woven fabrics for the mask sheets can be used in various products depending on fabric composition, this study will be expected to be basic data for the continuous growth of the sheet-type mask packs coming to market.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in the muscle activation of the quadriceps muscle (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis) during the stand-to-sit (StandTS) movement according to the plantar flexion angle of the ankle joint. Methods: A total of 22 healthy young females participated in this study. During the StandTS under the three conditions (plantarflexion angle 0°, 20°, and 45° of the ankle), electromyography (EMG) data (% maximum voluntary iso¬metric contraction) of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis were recorded using a wireless surface EMG system. Results: There was a significant difference in the muscle activation of rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis according to the plantar flexion angle (0°, 20°, and 45°) of the ankle. The muscle activation of the quadriceps was the highest at a 45° angle of plantarflexion and the lowest at 0°. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to analyze the muscle activation data of the lower extremity muscles according to the angle of the ankle joint. Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, it was confirmed that the muscle activity of the quadriceps can be increased even in the StandTS movement, which involves the eccentric contraction of the quadriceps muscle. This suggests that maintaining a plantar flexion posture for a long time, say by wearing high-heeled shoes, can quickly cause muscle fatigue in the lower-limb muscles, which can cause a decrease in balance ability leading to falls.