• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.121-126
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to propose design guidelines for vitalizing neighborhood traditional markets within the city of Ulsan. To do practical study, we surveyed 9 markets in Ulsan. we analyzed results of the problems through investigating physical characteristics, its conditions and collected user's information by interview.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.64-64
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.45-46
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• 2012

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.53-53
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• 1996

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.23-24
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.65-66
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2007

This study divided 35 hemiplegia patients into control group having standard physical therapy and gait training and functional electrical stimulation(FES) group using FES during gait training in order to examine the effects of applying FES to ankle joint dorsiflexor on motor unit action potential. Stimulation conditions of FES were pulse rate 35 pps, pulse width $250{\mu}s$, and on-time 0.3 second, treatment hour was 30 min. and treatment period was once a day for five days a week through six weeks. For functional evaluations before and after treatment, root mean square(RMS) were measured and the following conclusions were obtained. : In RMS analysis of motor unit action potential, gastrocnemius was significantly reduced in both weight bearing(p<.001) and bearing condition (p<.05). In conclusion, application of FES to hemiplegia patients in recovery stage during gait training decreased RMS and it was interpreted that it was caused by mitigation of muscular spasticity by reduction of motor unit.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2016

Background: The unilateral prone arm lift (UPAL) is commonly used to exercise the lower trapezius muscle. However, overactivation of the upper trapezius can induce pain during UPAL exercises in subjects with upper trapezius tenderness. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of position of ipsilateral neck rotation (INR) on the inhibition of upper trapezius muscle activity and the facilitation of the lower trapezius muscle when performing UPAL exercises. Methods: In total, 19 subjects with upper trapezius tenderness were recruited for the study. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was measured in the upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscles during UPAL with and without INR position. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare EMG activity in the trapezius muscles and the muscle ratios. Results: EMG activity in the upper trapezius muscles was decreased significantly in the INR condition compared to without the position with INR during UPAL exercises (p<.05). EMG activity in the middle and lower trapezius was not significantly different between the with and without INR conditions (p>.05). However, the ratio of lower to upper trapezius activation showed a significant increase in the INR condition compared to the without INR condition (p<.05), indicating greater lower trapezius activation relative to the upper trapezius in the INR position than in the without INR position. Conclusions: The EMG results obtained in this study suggest that the position with INR reduced overactivation in the upper trapezius and improved muscle imbalance during lower trapezius exercises in individuals with upper trapezius tenderness.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.182-195
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of triamcinolone acetonide by iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery on anti-inflammatory action into the rats and which had carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia and edema in the feet, trauma-induced tissue damage in the thigh. Each group was treated under the fellowing conditions. 1. Group I : Control group 2. Group II : Application of direct current 3. Group III : Application of 0.1$\%$ triamcinolone acetonide solution 4. Group IV : Iontophoresis of 0.1$\%$ triamcinolone acetonide solution The degree of anti-inflammation was evaluated by the paw withdrawal latency, the change in volume of foot the change of paw edema, histological change in rats. 1. In paw withdrawal latency, group IV showed the most significant therapeutic effect than the other groups at 0, 3, 6 and 9 hours(p < 0.001). 2. In paw edema experiment in the foot, group IV showed the most significant effect than group I at 0, 3, 6 and 9 hours. It meant that there was effective anti-inflammatory reaction in group I (p < 0.001). 3. In the light microscopic observation, group IV showed the most significant reduction of haemorrhage, hyperemia and infiltrative inflammation. From the results, the iontophoresis with triamcinolone acetonide is more effective than using each groups. It is one of the effective physical agent which delivered large molecular weight drug into the body. The continuous study is needed for many interesting issues of iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery in new future.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

This study was from the survey on the items related to the challenges, the activity frequency of the challenged people and the places where these activities take place and the satisfaction and the demands on the facilities for the challenged people from 1,284 challenged people over the age of 20 living in Korea nation wide. From the survey, it was shown that the biggest demand lied in the improvement of the facilities related to the transportation and access for their residence and social activities. They felt they are inconvenient for the perspective of the implementation rate. Additionally, they had high desire for culture and physical educational activities. Improvements to provide convenient environments where the challenged people can access to and use the facilities as conveniently as unchallenged people do by minimizing the physical hindrances are urgently needed. For time being, many facilities for the challenged people was supplied to improve the physical environments for challenged people, however, foreign regulations had to be adopted for these job due to insufficient date on physical conditions of the challenged people in Korea. Moreover, current facilities for the challenged people emphasized more on physical aspect and the facility itself without the considerations on the overall environments, as result the improvement satisfaction and efficiency were low. More flexible and humane design approaches are needed instead of relying on supply rate and try to fully consider the characteristics of the challenged people without any discrimination.