• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.121-133
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to set up the basic model to monitor the health status of the middle and high school students in the adolescent period, as well as to provide the fundamental data which might serve as the new standards for their better health maintenance and promotion. The collected data comprised the characteristics of the subjects in the three different fields of life such as school, family and everyday, which could affect their physical fatigues, and they were analyzed to determine the factors of significant influence upon their physical fatigues and to reveal their relativity. A total of 5,954 students at 6 boys' and girls' middle and high schools in Taejon City completed self-administered questionnaires(to measure Health Practice Index and others) asking about each of three life domains during the period March through June, 2000. The key study results were as follows; 1. The middle school students showed more subjective symptoms of fatigue which may be a marker reflecting physical health status, than the high school students. The higher scores were associated, based on school life, with the groups who were boys, who were in lower school grades, who achieved better academic performances and had better relationship with friends. 2. As for family life, the higher scores were in the groups whose financial conditions were better, whose parents showed more interest to their children, whose sense of satisfaction with family life was higher, and whose health status was better. 3. As for life styles, the individuals showed the higher scores in the groups who had breakfasts daily, who didn't have inter-meal snacks, who took regular exercises, who didn't smoke and drink than, their counterparts. 4. The higher level of fatigue was associated with the groups whose health conditions were good, who are satisfied with school life, who were boys rather than girls, who are satisfied with family life, who didn't have inter-meal snacks, who were in good relationship with friends, who achieved greater academic performances, who took regular exercises, who didn't smoke, and whose parents showed more interest in their children.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of muscle activity of the trunk and lower limb during a bridge exercise using a unstable surface and during one-legged bridge hip abduction in healthy adults. Methods: Nineteen healthy participated in this study (12 males and 7 females, aged $29.0{\pm}5.0$). The participants were instructed to perform the bridge exercises under six different conditions. Trunk and lower limb muscle activation, such as the erector spinae (ES), gluteus maximus (GM), external oblique (EO), and internal oblique (IO), was measured using surface electromyography. The six different bridge exercise conditions were conducted randomly. Data analysis was performed by using the mean scores after three trials of each condition. Results: On the ipsilateral side, muscle activity of the IO, EO, and ES during the hip abduction condition (Single-legged hip abduction bridge, Bridge with use of a ball and single-leg hip abduction, Bridge with use of a sling and single-leg hip abduction) was significantly higher than those during Unstable surface (Bridge with use of a ball, Bridge with use of a sling) and General bridging exercise (p<0.05). In the contralateral side, activities of the GM and EO during Single-legged hip abduction bridge, Bridge with use of a ball and single-leg hip abduction and Bridge with use of a sling and single-leg hip abduction was significantly higher than that during Bridge with use of a ball, Bridge with use of a sling and General bridging exercise (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that performing a bridge exercise with use of a sling and single-leg hip abduction had an effect on trunk and gluteal muscle activation. The findings of this study suggest that this training method can be clinically effective for unilateral training and for patients with hemiplegia.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2014

Objective: This study aimed to identify how various applications of weight bearing on the affected side of hemiplegia patients affect the ability of balance keeping of the affected leg and the gait parameters. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Eighteen patients with hemiplegia participated in this study. There were twelve males and six females. This study investigated the effects of the single-leg stance exercise on dynamic balance, weight bearing, and gait ability compared with four conditions. Dynamic balance and weight bearing were measured using the step test (ST) of the affected side in stroke patients. In addition, gait parameters were measured using the optogait system for analysis of the spatial and temporal parameters of walking in stroke patients. Results: This study investigated the effect of the single leg stance exercise on the paralysis side. The ST showed significant findings for all conditions (p<0.05). Therefore, knee extension and flexion exercise on the affected side single-leg stance (condition 4) significantly improved dynamic balance and weight bearing on the affected side (p<0.05). In the condition of moving the knee joint in a single-leg stance was discovered that the stance phase time significantly increased more than in the condition of supporting the maximal voluntary weight on the affected side (p<0.05). Conclusions: Single-leg stance on the paralysis side with knee flexion and extension increased symmetry in weight bearing during stance phase time. This study suggests that single-leg stance exercises augments improved gait function through sufficient weight bearing in the stance phase of the affected side.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.252-257
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of external scapular stabilization on the isometric strength of shoulder flexor muscle in subjects with and without scapular winging and conditions with and without external scapular stabilization. Methods: A total of 30 subjects with and without scapular winging were enrolled. Two groups were classified using clinical and diagnostic tests to divide the groups with and without scapular winging (15 with scapular winging 15 without scapular winging). The isometric strength of the shoulder flexor was measured using a tensiometer. The isometric strength was evaluated in the sitting position with and without an external scapular stabilization. The external scapular stabilization was provided with the examiner's hand to fix scapular winging during shoulder flexion. The changing value was calculated to determine the isometric strength difference between shoulder flexion with and without the external scapular stabilization in each group. The changing value between isometric strength of shoulder flexor with and without scapular winging was compared using the independent t-test. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: In the group with scapular winging, the shoulder flexor isometric strength in the sitting position was greater with an external scapular stabilization than without an external scapular stabilization (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the shoulder flexor isometric strength in the subjects without scapular winging between conditions with or without an external scapular stabilization (p>0.05). Conclusion: The external scapular stabilization in the individuals with scapular winging may increase shoulder flexor isometric strength in the sitting position.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of posture correction and real-time visual feedback using a video display on muscle activity and change of head position during overhead arm lift test in individuals with forward head posture. Methods: Fifteen subjects with forward head posture and fifteen normal subjects who volunteered were included in this study. During both groups performed the overhead arm lift test, the muscle activity of the upper trapezius, serratus anterior, sternocleidomastoid, and lower trapezius muscle were measured using electromyography, and head position change was measured using photographs. Then, forward head posture group was asked to perform overhead arm lift test again after posture correction and real-time visual feedback using a video display respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze four conditions: pre-test, posture correction, real-time visual feedback, and the control group. Results: The upper trapezius and lower trapezius muscle activity significantly decreased posture correction, real-time visual feedback, and control group than pre-test of forward head posture group (p<0.05). The sternocleidomastoid muscle significantly decreased real-time visual feedback and control group than pre-test of forward head posture group. Head position change significantly decreased three conditions than pre-test of forward head posture group and real-time visual feedback and control group significantly decreased than posture correction. Conclusion: This study recommend for maintaining cervical stability during the overhead arm lift test, postural control using real-time visual feedback is more effective in subjects with forward head posture.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to identify the effects of assuming different knee angles and hip abduction during bridge exercise and hip thrust exercise on lower body muscle activity. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Thirty-three healthy adults (18 men and 15 women) were instructed to perform the bridge and hip thrust exercises while randomly assuming 120°, 90° and 60° of knee flexion and 0° and 30° of hip abduction. EMG data (%maximum voluntary isometric contraction) were recorded three times from the erector spinae (ES), gluteus maximus (GM) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles of participant's dominant side and the mean values were analyzed. Results: The results showed that, during the hip thrust compared to the bridge exercise, there was significantly greater gluteus maximus muscle activity in all hip conditions while the biceps femoris activity was significantly less, and the erector spinae muscle activity was significantly greater with 30° of hip abduction (p<0.05). With all exercises, the erector spinae and the biceps femoris exhibited significantly greater muscle activity with 60° of knee flexion compared to 90° and 120° of knee flexion (p<0.05), and significantly greater muscle activity with 90° compared to 120° of knee flexion (p<0.05). In the case of the gluteus maximus, greater muscle activity was exhibited with 120° compared to 60° of knee flexion with all hip abduction conditions (p<0.05). Conclusions: It was effective for muscle activation of main agonists such as the gluteus maximus and erector spinae during thrust exercise, and the change in knee flexion angle was effective for muscle activation of the gluteus maximus. Therefore, it is considered that this study can be used as a selective indicator of the target movement angle during hip strengthening exercise for specific muscles.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.48-52
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine whether the position of cane use affects the distribution of weight-bearing on both feet of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy in a standing posture. Methods: Twenty participants with cerebral palsy were recruited as volunteers for this study. Using the Zebris FDM-System, weight-bearing distribution according to the method of using a cane was measured under three conditions in randomized order: (1) standing unaided (no cane); (2) standing with the affected side using the cane; and (3) standing with the non-affected side using the cane. The cane was matched by measuring length-from-floor to the greater trochanter of the subject, and was placed 15 cm outward from the little toe on the supporting side. Results: Evaluating the method of using a cane under the three conditions, we determined that pressure of the foot on the affected side was higher in the order: standing with affected side using cane > standing unaided (no cane) > standing with non-affected side using cane (p<0.05). In the post-hoc analysis, a significant difference was observed between (i) standing unaided (no cane) and standing with the affected side using cane, and (ii) standing with affected side using cane and standing with non-affected side using cane (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that induced weight-bearing methods using a cane on the affected side could increase the weight-bearing capacity on the affected side in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy, which will have a positive effect on reducing asymmetry weight support.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses of the trunk muscle during expected and unexpected sudden loadings of the hands on the sagittal plane. Twenty, young healthy adults(male 10, female 10) were participated to two different loading conditions : expected and unexpected sudden loadings. Different weights were dropped in hand : 5lb, 6lb, 7lb for male, and 3lb, 4lb, 5lb for female. EMG activity of rectus abdominalis and erector spine muscle were collected. Rectus abdominalis and lumbar erector spine muscle activity significantly increased in unexpected sudden loadings than expected sudden loadings(p<.05). This results indicate that co-contraction of abdominal and back muscle contribute for dynamic spinal stability during expected or unexpected activities of daily living. Preparatory adjustments can be made which reduce the postural perturbation to sudden load and prevent low back injuries.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.148-164
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the conditions of physical activity and exercise programs in Public Health Center. For this study 244 Public Health Centers in Seoul and all of the countries were surveyed from October 15 1999 to June 30 2000. The study was done by telephone, e-mail, fax and questionnaire. First, the 25 Public Health Centers in Seoul were investigated, and then 107 Public Health Centers in other cities were investigated. Public Health Centers in Seoul and Public Health Centers in other cities are very different in exercise program and equipment, budgets, personnel. There were many kinds of exercise program for people who have health problems, but a few exercise programs for healthy people. Exercise programs for people who have health problems were to prevent hypertension, arthritis. obesity, diabetes and back pain. Physical activity and exercise programs for healthy people were stretching for pregnancy and elderly. There were $24(96.0\%)$ Public Health Centers in Seoul which had physical activity and exercise program, $80(36.5\%)$ Public Health Centers in other cities which had physical activity and exercise program.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.316-321
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to estimate whether nalbuphine, a mixed agonist/antagonist opioid analgesic produced psychic dependence. Moreover, the physical dependence liability of nalbuphine was compared with that of morphine after 7 days administrations of the drugs in mice and rats, and the effects of ginseng total saponin (GTS) on the development of physical dependence on nalbuphine were also studied. Nalbuphine did not produce psychic dependence. However, various abstinence signs precipitated by naloxone were observed in nalbuphine-dependent mice and rats. As the nature of the dependence syndrome produced by nalbuphine 30 mg/kg under these conditions seems similar to that induced by morphine 10 mg/kg, it is clear that nalbuphine possesses the substantial abuse potential. Therefore, nalbuphine may be needed to initiate more stringent controls for the prevention of nalbuphine abuse. On the other hand, GTS inhibited the development of physical dependence on nalbuphine and reduced the contents of dopamine and its metabolite in the brains of mice. Accordingly, results of this study suggest that the inhibitory effects of GTS on the development of physical dependence on nalbuphine may involve dopaminergic mechanism. GTS may be useful for the therapy of physical dependence on nalbuphine.