• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.344-352
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• 2018

The effects of chemical compositions (protein, lipid, and dietary fiber) on the physical properties of dried biji powders were investigated. The raw biji was freeze-dried (control) and hot-air dried (untreated). The untreated biji was further defatted and deproteinated. The prepared biji powders were analyzed for the proximate composition, total dietary fiber (TDF), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), swelling power, solubility (including the quantification of soluble carbohydrate and protein fractions), and final viscosity (using a rapid visco analyzer). Control and untreated biji powders exhibited the similar chemical compositions. The defatted biji possessed higher TDF, although its protein content did not significantly differ for control and untreated ones. The deproteinated biji consisted mainly of TDF. WAI and swelling power increased in the order: deproteinated > defatted > control > untreated biji powders. WSI and solubility increased in the order: control > untreated > defatted > deproteinated biji powders. The similar patterns were observed for soluble carbohydrate and protein fractions. The deproteinated biji revealed the highest viscosity over applied temperatures, while the untreated one was lowest. Overall results suggested that the physical properties of the dried biji powder were reduced by protein and fat, but enhanced by dietary fiber.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.268-275
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• 2006

Novel SILEMs were prepared by multi-stage phase separation process combined by the low temperature phase separation (LTPS) and the high temperature phase separation (HTPS) using room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) which have a high ionic conductivity. PVDF and imidazolium series ionic liquids were used as membrane material and electrolyte, respectively. To study the ion conducting properties, the SILEMs were tested using LCR meter at temperature controlled from 30 to $130^{\circ}C$. Under humid conditions, with increasing temperature from 30 to $100^{\circ}C$, the ion conductivity of the cast $Nafion^{(R)}$ membrane increased linearly, but then started to decrease after $100^{\circ}C$. However, in the case of the SILEMs, with increasing operating temperature, the ion conductivity increased. Also, the ion conductivity behaviors of the SILEMs were almost same, regardless of humidity. The ion conductivity of the SILEMs was $2.7{\times}10^{-3}S/cm$ and increased almost linearly up to $2.2{\times}10^{-2}S/cm$ with increasing temperature to $130^{\circ}C$. The effects of an inorganic filler on the physical properties of the SILEMs were studied using the $SiO_2$. The addition of $SiO_2$ could improve the mechanical strength of the SILEMs, though the ionic conductivity was decreased slightly.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.889-893
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• 1998

In this research, mathematical models for predicting the shelf life of packaged tofu in a polyethylene container were developed. Transfer of oxygen in air through the package and then diffusion of oxygen into the filled water and the tofu with the simultaneous oxygen consumption by micoorganisms were studied. The results of simulation showed that the increase of microorganisms in the filled water was more than that in tofu. As a result, it turns out that the shelf life of packaged tofu was not determined by the number of microorganisms in the tofu, but by that in the filled water. Additionally, the effects of physical properties of packaging material and packaged materials, such as the oxygen permeability of packaging material, oxygen diffusion coefficient and the initial oxygen concentration in filled water, and the depth of the filled water, on the shelf life of packaged tofu, were observed.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.134-139
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• 2004

A study was made on the synthesis of a carbonate base nitrogen-free deliming agent using a non-phosgene compound applicable to the deliming process, which is one of the biggest sources of pollutant increasing the T-N concentration in the effluent from the leather making processes. And also studied on the possibility of using the agent in the deliming process. Through measurement of T-N, BOD, COD and SS in the effluent after the agent is used, contents of Ca and Cr and TS in the leather after the deliming process were measured, by which deliming efficiency, influences to the physical properties of the chromium tanned leather and reducing effects of T-N, BOD, COD and SS concentrations in the effluent could be confirmed. Thus an eco-friendly study has been conducted.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

The effects of S-23142{N-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-propargyloxyphenyl)-3, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrophtalimide}, on protoporphyrin IX(PPIX) biosynthesis in Spinacia oleracea L, leaf in vivo and in vitro condition were investigated by reversed-phase HPLC with fluorescence detector. The stroma and the membrane fraction of spinach chloroplast were isolated by osmotic regulation. The conversion of ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) to PPIX occured more in the stroma than in the membrane fraction. It suggested that the enzymes that catalyse PPIX biosynthesis from ALA were localized in the stroma. Also, the synthesized PPIX content from ALA was completely inhibited by $10^{-8}M$ of S-23412 or $10^{-7}M$ of acifluorfen in the stroma but not in the membrane fractions. Therefore, these results suggested that the target site of S-23142 and acifluorfen may exist in the stroma fraction of spinach chloroplast.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.335-344
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• 1998

In this study, the tearing energy and the rate of crack propagation of natural rubber (NR) compounds were evaluated to improve the crack resistance of tank-track pads. Although the factors affecting the crack resistance properties of NR compounds are various in this experiment, the effects of filler(carbon black) and the crosslinking system were evaluated. When the amount of accelerator is equal to that of sulfur( eg. efficient vulcanization), the compound shows the most excellent in the aged mechanical properties and the crack resistance properties. The ISAF carbon black(CB) having a good reinforcing characteristics was better than any other CB grades in physical properties and processablity. The optimum content was 50phr.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.187-195
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• 2018

In this work, the morphology of polyvinylidene-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-co-HFP) membranes were systemically investigated using phase inversion technique, to target membrane contactor applications. As the presence of macrovoids degrade the mechanical integrity of the membranes and jeopardize the long-term stability of membrane contactor processes (e.g. wetting), a wide range of dope compositions and casting conditions was studied to eliminate the undesired macrovoids. The type of solvent had significant effect on the membrane morphology, and the observed morphology were correlated to the physical properties of the solvent and solvent-polymer interactions. In addition, to fabricate macrovoid-free structure, the effects of different coagulation temperatures, inclusion of additives, and addition of nonsolvents were investigated. Due to the slow crystallization rate of P(VDF-co-HFP) polymer, it was found that obtaining porous membrane without macrovoids is difficult using only nonsolvent-induced phase separation method (NIPS). However, combined other phase inversion methods such as evaporation-induced phase separation (EIPS) and vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS), the desired membrane morphology can be obtained without any macrovoids.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.18-31
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• 2016

Background: A job-specific Worker's Health Surveillance (WHS) for hospital physicians is a preventive occupational health strategy aiming at early detection of their diminished work-related health in order to improve or maintain physician's health and quality of care. This study addresses what steps should be taken to determine the content of a job-specific WHS for hospital physicians and outlines that content. Methods: Based on four questions, decision trees were developed for physical and psychological job demands and for biological, chemical, and physical exposures to decide whether or not to include work-related health effects related to occupational exposures or aspects of health reflecting insufficient job requirements. Information was gathered locally through self-reporting and systematic observations at the workplace and from evidence in international publications. Results: Information from the decision trees on the prevalence and impact of the health- or work-functioning effect led to inclusion of occupational exposures (e.g., biological agents, emotionally demanding situations), job requirements (e.g., sufficient vision, judging ability), or health effects (e.g., depressive symptoms, neck complaints). Additionally, following the Dutch guideline for occupational physicians and based on specific job demands, screening for cardiovascular diseases, work ability, drug use, and alcohol consumption was included. Targeted interventions were selected when a health or work functioning problem existed and were chosen based on evidence for effectiveness. Conclusion: The process of developing a job-specific WHS for hospital physicians was described and the content presented, which might serve as an example for other jobs. Before implementation, it must first be tested for feasibility and acceptability.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.389-397
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• 2022

Carcass vascular rinsing and chilling involves infusing a chilled isotonic solution (98.5% water and a blend of mono- and di-saccharides and phosphates) into the vasculature immediately upon exsanguination. Primary purposes of carcass vascular rinsing are to (1) effectively remove residual blood from the carcass; (2) lower internal muscle temperature rapidly; and (3) optimize pH decline by effective delivery of glycolytic substrates in the rinse solution. Previous studies have revealed that the beef carcass vascular rinsing early postmortem positively affects meat quality, product shelflife, and food safety. Thus, the objective of this review is to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the physical and biochemical mechanisms associated with beef carcass vascular rinsing, focusing on the relationship between quality attributes (CIE L^*, a^*, b^*; chemical states of myoglobin; oxygen consumption and sarcomere length) and muscle metabolic response to various substrate solutions (Rinse & Chill^®, fructose, sodium phosphate, and dipotassium phosphate) that stimulate or inhibit the rate of glycolysis early postmortem. In addition, this review discusses the absence of metabolite residues (phosphorus, sodium, and glucose) related to the application of the chilled isotonic solution. This review primarily focuses on beef and as such extending the understanding of the mechanisms and meat quality effects discussed to other species associated with vascular rinsing, in particular pork, may be limited.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.235-260
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• 1992