• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.235-241
• /
• 1991

Streptomyces melanosporofaciens로 동정된 strain 88-GT-161 균주는, 그람양성세균 및 식물병원성 곰팡이에 각각 항균활성을 나타내는 phthalate 유도체 및 염기성 마크로라이드의 새로운 항생물질을 생산하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이들 활성물질들의 분리. 정제과정에서 in vitro 및 in vivo(포트 시험) 항균활성을 조사하였으며, phtahalate 유도체 항생물질은 IR, NMR, 질량분석 스펙트럼 조사를 통하여 bis(2-ethylexyl) phthalate(dioctyl phthalate)로 동정하였다. Dioctyl phthalate가 Streptomyces sp.에 의하여 생산되며 생합성된 이 화합물이 항균활성을 가진다는 사실이 보고된 것은 이것이 처음이다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.91-96
• /
• 2001

Phthalates are widely used as plasticizers to impart softness and flexibility to normally rigid polyvinylchloride products. However, there are not much studies jar dermal and ocular irritation toxicity of phthalates. So we investigated the skin or eye irritation effect of some phthalates which was not reported. The primary skin irritation of diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), dipropyl phthalate (DPP) and dipropyl phthalate (DPrP) was studied. The ocular irritation of dibutyl phthalate(DBP), DIDP, DINP, DPP and DPrP was also studied. DEP, DIDP, DINP, DPP, and DPrP were found to be non-irritating to the skin of the test animals. DBP, DIDP, DINP and DPP were found to be non-irritating to the eye of the rabbits. DPrP caused the slight irritations to the eye in 1 or 2 days after treatment but irritation of the animals was soon recovered.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제4권1_2호
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 1989

Recently pathotoxicological study of lymphoid organs by administration of some phthalate ester in rats, indicated marked effect of architechure of thymus, spleen, and lymphonodes. Dioctyl phthalate (DOP), one of the phthalate ester, caused statistically significant reduction in the weights of various lymphoid organs. This senstivity of the lymphoid organ to phthalate toxicity which could lead to adverse effects on the immune response and also suppression of immune system. Therfore it is possible the presense of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of the phthalate ester as well as DOP, in spleen and other organs might have some moderately effect on the function of the immune system, So our present study was proceeded to assess the effect of DEHP on the immunotoxicity in mouse. In the immune response of DEHP administered mice, HA, HY, Arthus reaction and Rosette forming cell were decreased but DTH was increased. Furthermore, in the DEHP plus ethanol group, HA, HY, Arthus reaction and Rosette forming cell were remarkably decreased and elevation of DTH was inhibited.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 2004

SPME-GC/MS법을 사용하여 내분비계 교란물질로 추정되는 플라스틱 가소제류를 동시에 분석할 수 있는 방법을 고안하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 플라스틱 가소제는 dimethyl phthalate(DMP), diethyl phthalate(DEP), dibutyl phthalate(DBP), benzylbutyl phthalate(BBP), diethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate(DnOP)이었다. 표준 시료에 대한 분석결과에서 검출한계(LOD)는 0.163~0.299 ng/ml, 상대표준편차는(%RSD)는 5.85~15.80이었다. 본 방법을 사용하여 한강, 금강, 낙동강 및 섬진강에서 채취한 시료를 분석한 결과, DBP와 DEHP 만이 4대강 모두에서 미량 검출되었으며, DBP와 DEHP의 농도는 각각 0.192~1.270 ng/ml 및 0.077~1.102 ng/ml 범위를 보였다.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• /
• 제35권
• /
• pp.53.1-53.15
• /
• 2023

Background: Plastics are high-molecular-weight materials composed of long carbon chains. They are prevalent in daily life, present in various items such as food containers and microwavable packaging. Phthalates, an additive used to enhance their flexibility, are endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We utilized the data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 3, representing the general South Korean population, to investigate the relationship between the use of plastics in refrigerator food storage and phthalate exposure. Methods: We assessed 3,333 adult participants (aged ≥ 19 years) including 1,526 men and 1,807 women, using data from KoNEHS cycle 3. Using the 75th percentile concentration, urine phthalate metabolites were categorized into high and low-concentration groups. χ² test was conducted to analyze variations in the distribution of each variable, considering sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, food intake, the use of plastics, and the concentration of urine phthalate metabolites as the variables. To calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the high-concentration group of urine phthalate metabolites based on the use of plastics in refrigerator food storage, logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results: In men, the use of plastics in refrigerator food storage had significantly higher adjusted ORs compared to those using the others. The adjusted ORs were calculated as follows: mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) had an OR of 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.72), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) had an OR of 1.48 (95% CI: 1.16-1.88), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) had an OR of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.04-1.66), ∑di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (∑DEHP) had an OR of 1.37 (95% CI: 1.08-1.74) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) had an OR of 1.44 (95% CI: 1.13-1.84). Conclusion: The concentrations of urine phthalate metabolites (MEHHP, MEOHP, MECPP, ∑DEHP, and MnBP) were significantly higher in men who used plastics in refrigerator food storage compared to those using the others.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.297-301
• /
• 2003

To investigate biomarker-based exposure to phthalates and related factors with demographics, 100 subjects who had participated in comprehensive health check-up were selected. We collected demographics through questionnaires and analyzed urine samples for 5 phthalates. Statistical likelihoods and regression methods were applied for data analysis using censored data. The highest levels of urine phthalates were 216$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in di-isodecyl phthalate, 29.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in di-butyl phthalate, 5.78$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The median values of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were 0.2340 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for male smokers, 0.0399 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for male non-smokers and 0.0085 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for female non-smokers, respectively. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate and di-isodecyl phthalate were higher in males than in females. In addition, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate was decreased with age. Our findings suggest that there might be significant demographic variations in exposure and/or metabolism of phthalates, and that health-risk assessment for phthalate exposure in humans should consider different potential risk groups.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.395-401
• /
• 2019

Phthalate는 내분비 교란물질로 호르몬의 변화, 에스토젠, 앤드로젠, 갑상선 호르몬의 분비를 방해한다. 또한, 인간과 동물에서 심혈관질환, 대사작용, 면역 및 번식체계에 영향을 끼친다. Curcumin은 항산화물질로 항염증 활성 및 항암작용에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 phthalate가 정자의 운동성, 생존율, 미토콘드리아 활성 및 세포막 기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 또한, curcumin을 처리하여 phthalate에 노출된 정자에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 정자의 운동성과 생존율은 di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) 및 di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)을 처리하였을 때 감소하였다(p<0.05). Phthalate는 정자의 미토콘드리아 활성 및 세포막의 기능을 감소시켰다(p<0.05). 그러나, 정자의 운동성과 생존율은 curcumin을 처리하지 않은 것보다 처리한 정자에서 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 정자의 미토콘드리아 활성 및 세포막 기능에서도 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 결론적으로, phthalate는 정자의 생존율과 세포의 기능에 영향을 미칠 수 있고, 이로부터 세포의 기능을 보호하기 위해서는 curcumin의 처리가 필요 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2013

Urine is a widely used matrix in biomonitoring studies on the assessment of human exposure to environmental chemicals such as phthalate esters and bisphenol A (BPA). In addition to the need to apply valid analytical techniques, assurance of specimen integrity during collection and storage is an important prerequisite for the presentation of accurate and precise analytical data. One of the common issues encountered in the analysis of non-persistent contaminants is whether shipping and storage temperature and time since collection have an effect on sample integrity. In this study, we investigated the stability of phthalate metabolites and BPA in spiked and unspiked urine samples stored at room temperature ($20^{\circ}C$) or at $-80^{\circ}C$ for up to 8 weeks. Concentrations of phthalate metabolites declined, on average, by 3% to 15%, depending on the compounds, and BPA declined by ~30% after 4 weeks of storage of spiked urine samples at $20^{\circ}C$. In a test of 30 unspiked urine samples stored at $20^{\circ}C$ and at $-80^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks, the concentrations of phthalate metabolites and BPA decreased by up to 15% to 44%, depending on the compound and on the samples. It was found that the small reduction in phthalate concentrations observed in urine, varied depending on the samples. In a few urine samples, concentrations of phthalate metabolites and BPA did not decline even after storage at $20^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. We found a significant relationship between concentrations of target analytes in urine stored at $20^{\circ}C$ and at $-80^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. We estimated the half-lives of phthalate metabolites and BPA in urine stored at $20^{\circ}C$. The estimated half-life of monoethyl phthalate (mEP) and mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxyphentyl) phthalate (mECPP) in urine stored at $20^{\circ}C$ was over two years, of mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (mEOHP) and monobenzyl phthalate (mBzP) was approximately one year, and of other phthalate metabolites was approximately 6 months. The estimated half-life of BPA in urine stored at $20^{\circ}C$ was approximately 3 months, which is much longer than that reported for aquatic ecosystems.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.1244-1250
• /
• 2000

식품에서 내분비계장애추정물질로 의심되는 DEP, DprP, DBP, DPP, BBP, DEHP 및 DCHP 등과 같은 phthalate esters와 DEHA를 동시 정량 분석하였다. GC/FID를 사용하여 지방 함유 식품의 일종인 짬뽕에서 가소제를 정량하기 위한 최적의 분석방법을 검토하였다. Phthalate esters인 DEP, DprP, DBP, DPP, BBP, DEHP, DCHP와 DEHA의 검출한계는 각각 3.5, 5.3, 2.2, 2.2, 7.2, 1.7, 1.9 와 3.0 mg/kg이었다. Acetone/n-hexane(1:1) 추출용매 system을 사용하여 4회 추출하고 HP-1701 column이 장착된 GC/FID를 사용했을때의 phthalate esters인 DEP, DprP, DBP, DPP, BBP, DEHP, DCHP와 DEHA의 회수율이 각각 72.7, 85.9, 91.4, 97.1, 100.8, 103.2, 104.3 및 95.8% 이었다. 3종의 업소용 PVC wrap으로 짬뽕을 각각 덮은채 30분간 shaking(120회/분)한 후 이행되는 가소제 함량을 조사하였다. 3종의 PVC wrap에서 짬뽕으로 DEHA가 각각 577, 706, 770 mg/kg 이행되어 검출되었으며 다른 phthalate esters는 검출되지 않았다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.433-443
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary habits and concentrations of urinary phthalate metabolite in elementary school children. Methods: This study was conducted in Seoul, South Korea. We collected urine samples from 156 children from a single school in September 2016. Information on dietary habits was obtained from the parents of the children. Five types of urinary phthalate metabolites were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting the concentrations of urinary phthalate metabolite. Results: Girls had a significantly lower concentration of urinary mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) (p=0.006) than did boys. When the consumption of bean processed food and wrapped delivery food were more than once a week, urinary MnBP (p=0.021) and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) (p=0.032) concentrations were the highest, respectively. Conclusion: Several urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations were associated with demographic and dietary habits. Particularly, urinary MnBP and MBzP were associated with several processed foods. The findings of this study might be useful as basic data for establishing and educating on environmental health policy.