• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.277-281
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• 1990

The isolation and identification of an antibacterial component, from Polygoni Radix against a cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans OMZ 176, were carried out for development of anticariogenic agents. The bioactive component was identified to be emodin. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of emodin was $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ against S. mutans OMZ 176. The bioactive component emodin weakly inhibited ${\beta}-lactamase$ activity with the inhibition ratio of 1.7, 4.3 and 7.6% at the concentration of 50, 100, and 200 uM, respectively. Emodin exhibited slight phototoxicity when analysed by the photohemolysis method.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.143-147
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• 1992

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of ascorbic add on their phototoxicity of four phenothiazine derivatives such as chloropromazine, perphenazine, trifluoperazine and thioridazine. Effects of the test compounds on RBes were monitored with a spectrophotometer by the method of Kahan et al. The extent of photohemolysis by chlorpromazine, perphenazine and thioridazine were decreased with the use of ascorbic acid. It was observed that toxic photoproducts were formed by chlorpromazine and thioridazine with preirtadiated. Although red blood cell hemolysis by preirradiated chlorpromazine was decreased with the use of ascorbic acid but thioridazine was not changed.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2007

In this study, the antioxidative effects of Equisetum arvense extracts were investigated. The free radical (1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) of extract/fractions of Equisetum arvense was in the order: 50 % ethanol extract ($182.04{\mu}g/mL$) < ethylacetate fraction ($54.50{\mu}g/mL$) < deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction ($14.13{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of some Equisetum arvense extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol- dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activity was deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction ($OSC_{50}$, $3.54{\mu}g/mL$) < 50 % ethanol extract ($0.80{\mu}g/mL$) < ethylacetate fraction ($0.006{\mu}g/mL$). Ethylacetate fraction showed the most prominent scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Equisetum arvense on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethanol extract (50%) suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner, particularly deglycosylated aglycone extract exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect ($\tau_{50}$, 161.10 min at $10{\mu}g/mL$). These results indicate that extract/fractions of Equisetum arvense can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.15 no.1_2
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• pp.13-18
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• 2000

A few in vitro methods were developed to compare the result on the phototoxicity of phenothiazines. By the MTT assay, the Candida test, and the RBC photohemolysis, the phototoxicities of UVA and UVB irradiation were measured. This paper presents the comparisons of methods which are effective to measure the phototoxicities of the chemicals causing phototoxicity and photoallergy. The tested chemicals of phenothiazines include Chlorpromazine, Promethazine, Perphenazine, Chlorprothixene, Trifluoperazine and Thioridazine. Each chemical represented variable results according to the test methods. MTT assay shows the most sensitive method.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1391-1398
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the suppressive effects of ore minerals on the allergic cell damages and oxidative cell damages. The ore minerals significantly reduced the productions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in rat basophilic leukemia cells challenged with 2,4-dinitrophenol-bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA). Lipoxygenase activity was also reduced by the ore minerals. Moreover, the ore minerals showed weak protective effects on the oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in pig kidney cells and retinal ganglion cells. Photohemolysis of erythrocytes in the presence of rose-bengal as a sensitizer was also inhibited by ore minerals. These results suggest that the ore minerals may be useful as the protectant for allergic and oxidative cell damages.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2007

In this study, the antioxidative effects of Sueada asparagoides and Salicornia herbacea extracts were investigated. The free radical(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity($FSC_{50}$) of extract/fractions of Sueada asparagoides was in the order: 100 % ethanol extract(329.33 ${\mu}g/mL$) < 50 % ethanol extract(40.73) < ethylacetate fraction(13.87) < deglycosylated aglycone fraction (7.80). In case of Salicornia herbacea, the free radical scavenging activities of ethylacetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 13.87 and 7.80 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenging activities($OSC_{50}$) of Sueada asparagoides and Solicornia herbacea extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activity of Sueada asparagoides extracts was 50 % ethanol extract($OSC_{50}$, $0.99{\mu}g/mL$) < ethylacetate fraction (0.05) < aglycone fraction (0.03). Aglycone fraction showed the most prominent scavenging activity. In case of Salicornia herbacea, the ROS scavenging activities of ethylacetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 0.10 and 0.20 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Sueada asparagoides and Salicornia herbacea on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethanol extract(100%) of Sueada asparagoides diminished photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner($1{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$). Particularly deglycosylated aglycone fraction exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect($\tau_{50}$, 310 min at 50 ${\mu}g/mL$). In case of Salicornia herbacea, ethylacetate fraction exhibited more potent protective effect. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Sueada asparagoides can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the antioxidative activity and inhibitory effects on elastase and tyrosinase of Persicaria hydropiper L. extracts. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of ethyl acetate fractions of Persicaria hydropiper L. was $5.23\;{\mu}g/mL$. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of some Persicaria hydropiper L. extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol - dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ROS scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of ethyl acetate fractions of Persicaria hydropiper L. was $0.40\;{\mu}g/mL$. The protective effects of extract / fractions of Persicaria hydropiper L. on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The Persicaria hydropiper L. extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner ($1\;{\sim}\;10\;{\mu}g/mL$). Inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) on tyrosinase of aglycone fraction of Persicaria hydropiper L. extracts was $8.90\;{\mu}g/mL$. Inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) on elastase of aglycone fraction of Persicaria hydropiper L. extracts was $2.37\;{\mu}g/mL$. These results indicate that extract / fractions of Persicaria hydropiper L. can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by anti-oxidative activity and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Persicaria hydropiper L. extract / fractions could be used as a new cosmeceutical for whitening and anti-wrinkle products.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.559-567
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• 2010

In this study, the antioxidative effect, cellular protective effect and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract ($11.48\;{\mu}g$/mL) showed more excellent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH) scavenging activity (FSC50) than those of leaf and stem extracts ($17.45\;{\mu}g$/mL). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity (OSC50) of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/H2O2 system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract ($0.56\;{\mu}g$/mL) showed 3 times more excellent ROS scavenging activity than L-ascorbic acid ($1.50\;{\mu}g$/mL). The protective effects of the ethyl acetate fractions of extracts from different parts of Cosmos bipinnatus on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethyl acetate fractions of leaf and stem extract and flower extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner ($10\sim50\;{\mu}g$/mL). The inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract ($62.75\;{\mu}g$/mL) on tyrosinase was investigated to assess the whitening efficacy. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract showed 3.5 times higher tyrosinase inhibitory effect than arbutin ($226.88\;{\mu}g$/mL) known as an effective whitening agent. These results indicate that fractions of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Fractions of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts can be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antioxidant and whitening.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2005

Mongolian dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum H.) extracted with solvents having different polarities were prepared to investigate protection activity of gastric mucosa. Ethanol extracts were successively reextracted with methylene chloride, and n-butanol. Concentrations of total flavonoids and luteolin in n-butanol extracts were 27.75 and 1.14%, respectively, much higher than those of other solvent extracts. Results of anti-microbial acitivity test against Helicobacter pylori and urease inhibition test revealed n-butanol extract exerted higher inhibition (13.16%) than other solvent extracts. Based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, n-butanol extract showed the highest efficiency of free radical-scavenger activity among the extracts ($SC_{50}\;47{\mu}g/mL$). Erythrocytic photohemolysis tests, for the protection of cell membrane showed that half-life of human erythrocytes was increased by the addition of n-butanol extract $({\tau}_{50}=172min;C=5.0{\mu}g/mL)$. These results indicate n-butanol extract of Mongolian dandelion may be useful as a adjuvant for gastric diseases.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.290-295
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• 1992

Reactive oxygen scavenging activity and immune stimulatory activity of lactobacilli were investigated by different free radical scavenging assays and Ig G assay. Lactobacilli culture (S/N) and its complex with $Mn^{2+}$ have significant effects in XOD assay and response to paraquat. Cell free extract significantly prevented the photohemolysis. Thus, it seems that each sample from lactobacilli has a different free radical scavening mechanism. Furthermore, it is assumed that cell free extract from lactobacilli activates antibody stimulation of B cell through a stimulation of T cell.