• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.57-76
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• 1993

기기의 광독성 유발 물질 및 자외선 차단제 그리고 수종의 천연물에 대해 in-vitro 와 in-vivo에서 광독성 시험을 하였다. In-vitro시험은 C. albicans와 S. typhymurium TA 98을 이용 광독성 시험을 하였으며, 광조사는 시료, 시료와 미생물 모두 각각의 시료와 미생물 조사하는 방법을 사용하여 비교하여 보았다. 조사 방법에 따른 유의성은 관찰되지 않았는데, 제한된 시료를 사용했다는 것도 여러 원인 중에 하나가 될 수 있다. 한편 사용된 두 균주의 감수성은 C. albicans에 비해 S. typhimurium TA 98을 이용했을 때 높게 나타났고, S. typhimurium TA 98을 이용한 in-vitro method(Method I)와 in-vivo method를 시험 결과 측면에서 볼 때 상관 관계가 높게 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.543-553
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• 2005

In recent days, photochemical smog due to the rapid industry development and vehicle increasement has become a critical pollutant in the metropolitan area and the number of ozone alarm signal has increased every year. This research was performed to evaluate VOCs emission source characteristics and concentration of VOCs in Daegu. The site average concentration was observed in the following order: industrial area > commercial area > residential area. Most of the VOCs species except toluene showed variations with higher concentration during nighttime, and lower concentration during the daytime. The major VOCs of stationary emission source were BTEX(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene. xylene) and methylene chloride, trichloroethene and styrene. Also, those of automobile exhaust were toluene and benzene. Also, the major VOCs concentration emited by the vehicle fuel was observed in the following order: gasoline > light oil > liquefied petroleum gas (L.P.G). Correlation coefficients values were estimated between major VOCs such as toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, o-xylene. Results showed that correlation coefficient values were significant magnitude above 0.76. Also, there showed highly significant correlations among ethyl benzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene concentration(Pearson correlation coefficients, r=0.868-0.982). Calculated correlation coefficients among commercial area,industrial area and residential area were 0.934-0.981, they showed high correlation. There showed highly correlation between stationary emission source and industrial area, compared with commercial area and residential area. Also, calculated correlation coefficients among commercial area, industrial area, residential area and automobile exhaust were 0.732, 0.725, 0.777, respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 1995

1993년 7월부터 1994년 6월까지 1년간 시골지역에서 지면 부근의 오존을 연속적으로 측정하여 5분 평균치를 연구에 이용하였다. 이 관측은 북위 $37.4{\circ}$, 동경 $127.6{\circ}$ 에 위치한 충북 청원군 강내에서 실시되었으며, 1년 평균값은 17ppbㅠ이고 월평균은6-47ppb이다. 여름에 최대값이 발생하고 겨울에 최소값이 나타나며, 이들은 인위적인 배출물 및 광화학 반응과 관련이 있따. 오존으 일변화는 15:00~16:00시에 최대치와 07:00~08:00시에 최소치가 발생한다. 오존이 80ppb이상 발생하는 기간에는 북-북서풍의 안정한 기류가 유입할때 발생하는 반면, 여름에 오존이 매우 낮게 발생하는 기간에는 북태평양에서 유입되는 기류와 함꼐 발생하였다. 그러므로 장거리에 근원을 둔 인위적인 대기오염의 이동(LRTAP)이 시골지역의 국지적인 오존의 발생보다 더 큰 기여를 하고 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2000

Due to a rapid in automobiles since the 1980’s, the concentration of NO, and HC has also increased along with cases of VOCs. These air pollutants have created $O_3$ concentration, which cause a harmful effect to the human health. This issue has become a subject of great public interest. For this paper, to compare the concentration of $O_3$, NO, N $O_2$ between the rural and urban area in the winter, the concentrations of each have been measuredevery hour during Jan.~Feb. 2000, 1998, respectively. To calculate the Photochemical Steady State, $\Phi$= $J_{N O_2}$[N $O_2$]/ $k_1$[NO][ $O_3$], temperature and $J_{ N O_2}$ has been determined. The NO concentration in the rural are showed at below 10 ppb while the NO concentration in the urban area showed maximum value of 90~120 ppb. But the $O_3$ concentration in both areas showed less than 30 ppb. The reason is that the N $O_2$ photodissiciation rate is low due to the temperature being below 2$^{\circ}C$ and less than 60 degrees in the solar zenith angle during the winter time, which makes the $O_3$ concentration in both areas, similar in the concentration level. N $O_2$ photodissociation rate in both ares showed maximum value of 3.0mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$. Values of $\Phi$ determined from the rural area was consistently the unity, approaching 1. But values of $\Phi$ determined from the urban was roughly higher than unity, approaching above 1or 2 for clear sky-high sun(10:00~16:00).

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.208-215
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• 2016

Pinic acid (PA) and cis-pinonic acid (CPA) in the atmospheric particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to a nominal $10{\mu}m$ ($PM_{10}$) were analyzed for the samples collected during the period of April 2010 to April 2011 at Jongro in Seoul. Both pinic acid and cis-pinonic acid showed higher seasonal average concentrations in summer (PA; $18.9ng/m^3$, CPA; $16.0ng/m^3$) than winter (PA; $5.3ng/m^3$, CPA; $5.9ng/m^3$). They displayed a seasonal pattern associated with temperature reflecting the influence on emissions of ${\alpha}-pinene$ and ${\beta}-pinene$ from conifers and their photochemical reaction. These results were confirmed through Pearson correlation coefficient between CPA, PA and $O_3+NO_2$, temperature. CPA was only correlated with n-alkanes ($C_{29}$, $C_{31}$, $C_{33}$) from biogenic source. PA was correlated with n-alkanes ($C_{29}$, $C_{31}$, $C_{33}$), n-alkanoic acid ($C_{20}$, $C_{22}$, $C_{24}$) from biogenic source and n-alkanes ($C_{28}$, $C_{30}$, $C_{32}$), and n-alkanoic acid ($C_{16}$, $C_{18}$) from anthropogenic source. These results showed that the formation of PA and CPA from ${\alpha}-pinene$ and ${\beta}-pinene$ is related to organic compounds from biogenic source. And it is possible for PA to be effected by organic compounds from anthropogenic source.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2011년도 제45차 학술발표회
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• pp.42-42
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• 2011

To evaluate the Hwangsu spring as natural mordants effect on dyeing. The natural mordants effect of Hwangsu spring were analyzed by pH, temperature, trace elements, organic matter and color fastness. Hwangsu spring having pH 2.42 and $14.4^{\circ}C$ was harvested at the end of September, in Yeongcheon (Gyeongbuk Province, Korea) and left on a $0^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ before use. Hwangsu spring during storage at $25^{\circ}C$ turned brown by photochemical reaction. The Result of ICP analysis, it contained Fe(414.9 ppm), Al(88.9 ppm), Mn(4.9 ppm) and observed character by water analysis. Dyeing and post-mordant procedure; Cotton(KS K 0905) were dyed with clove powder for 30 min at $70^{\circ}C$. Hwangsu spring, Aluminium Sulfate $14-18H_20(Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}14-18H_2O)$, Iron Sulfate Heptahydrate($FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$) were used by post mordant at the same ratio. The dyed fabrics were treated with 20% each mordant solution at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10min. Comparison with a reproduced chemical mordant, the K/S values of cotton fabrics dyed with Hwangsu sping were increased.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.91-96
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• 1996

광반응을 이용하여 fibrinolytic 활성을 보이는 LK (lumbrokinase)를 생체재료인 PU (polyurethane) 표면에 고정화하는 방법에 관하여 연구하였다. 먼저 PU표면에 amino 작용기를 도입하기 위하여 side chain 작용기로 phenylazide 와 amino작용기를 갖는 AzPhPAL을 이용하였으며 광반응은 266nm 이상의 UV light을 약 1분간 조사시키는 방법을 이용하였다. LK를 amino작용기가 유도된 PU 표면에 공유결합시키기 위하여 amide결합 형성시 사용되는 수용성 carbodiimide인 EDC를 이용하였다. ESCA측정시, AzPhPAL으로 공유결합시킨 경우 반응하지 않은 PU표면에 비하여 N/C가 0.1717로, LK 고정시 S/C가 0.0043로 증가된것을 알 수 있었다. 이것으로부터 AzPhPAL과 LK가 PU표면에 공유결합된 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 static contact angle 측정으로 표면개질된 PU표면이 소수성에서 친수성으로 변화된 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 공유결합된 LK의 활성을 확인하기 위하여 fibrin plate test를 실시하였는데 그 결과 고정화된 후에도 LK의 활성이 존재함을 알 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2005

광촉매 $TiO_2$박막은 titanium (IV) isopropoxide, 에탄올, HCl을 일정한 비율로 졸-겔방법에 의해 제작하였다. SEM에 의한 표면관찰에서는 $500^{\circ}C$에서 5회 반복해서 코팅하여 제작한 것이 우수했다. EDX에 의한 성분비는 spin코팅이 O : Ti의 atom%가 61 : 39로 dip코팅보다 우수했다. 그리고 박막제작의 온도에 따라서 anatase상에서 rutile상으로 결정구조가 변화되어 가는 것을 XRD측정으로 알았다. 제작한 $TiO_2$박막에 UV빔을 조사해서 얻은 TOC의 광분해효율이 1 h 이내에 20~65%를 나타내었고, 그 이후에는 서서히 감소하는 것을 확인했다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.2
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• pp.631-634
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• 2004

The method that exists in Photodynamic Therapy uses Photosensibility drug strongly Influencing tumour accumulation together with photochemical laser effect and makes the structure of tumour be localized and become extinct. The intracavity transformation of the Nd :YAP main radiation 1079 nm was Raman converted in barium nitrate crystal and the Stokes frequency (1216 nm) was doubled using KTP or RTA crystals. The LiF or Cr:YAG crystals are used for the Q-switch. The radiation Parameters were obtained at 100 Hz pump repetition frequency. The average power at 608 nm radiation with LiF and KTP was 700 mW at multi-mode generation. The 3-6 single 10-15 ns pulses were generated during one cycle of pumping. The doubling efficiency with RTA was two times more than with KTP. The cells of Ehrlich adenocarcinoma (0.1 ml) were i.m. implanted in hind thighs of ICR white non-imbred mice. The cells were preliminarily diluted in medium 199 in the ratio of 1 to 5. HpD was intravenous administered in a dose of 10 mg/kg. The left clean-shaven hind leg was irradiated with laser light 21-27 hours after the administration of the preparation. The right non-Irradiated leg of each animal served as a control. The animals with the transplanted tumor that were not injected with HpD sewed as a control to estimate the complex effect (HpD+ irradiation). Before the administration of HpD and on 3 and 4 days after irradiation the tumor size was measured and the percent of the tumor growth inhibition was calculated. The results of animal treatments has shown high efficiency of PDT method for cancer treatment by means 0.608 m high power pulse solid state laser.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2017

Metal nanoparticles have been intensively studied within the past decade. Nano-sized materials have been an important subject in basic and applied sciences. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have received considerable attention due to their unique antibacterial, antifungal, and UV filtering properties, high catalytic and photochemical activity. In this study, microbiological aspects of scale formation in PVC pipelines bacteria and fungi were isolated. In the emerging issue of increased multi-resistant properties in water borne pathogens, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle are being used increasingly as antimicrobial agents. Thus, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungal concentration of ZnO nanoparticles towards pathogens microbe were examined in this study. The results obtained suggested that ZnO nanoparticles exhibit a good anti fungal activity than bactericidal effect towards all pathogens tested in in-vitro disc diffusion method (170 ppm, 100 ppm and 30 ppm). ZnO nanoparticles can be a potential antimicrobial agent due to its low cost of production and high effectiveness in antimicrobial properties, which may find wide applications in various industries to address safety issues. Stable ZnO nanoparticles were prepared and their shape and size distribution characterized by Dynamic light scattering (35.7 nm) and transmission electron microscopic TEM study for morphology identification (20 nm), UV-visible spectroscopy (230 nm), X-ray diffraction (FWHM of more intense peak corresponding to 101 planes located at $36.33^{\circ}$ using Scherrer's formula), FT-IR (Amines, Alcohols, Carbonyl and Nitrate ions), Zeta potential (-28.8). The antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated against Bacteria and Fungi present in drinking water PVC pipelines biofilm. In these tests, Muller Hinton agar plates were used and ZnO nanoparticles of various concentrations were supplemented in solid medium.