• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.71-84
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• 1976

In order to observe the phosphate metabolism in chloroplast, the contents of inorganic phosphate and various compounds in chloroplast from spinach leaf tissues were investigated during the reaction in the light and dark in the reaction mixture and the turnover of phosphate in chloroplast was compared with that of whole cell system: 1. The phosphorus of DNA in chloroplast appears to be transferred from inorganic phosphate, while in whole cell system from phosphate pool. 2. $^{32}P-phosphate$ content of acid soluble fraction in chloroplast as well as in whole cell system was more increased in the light than dark during the reaction. It was noted to be caused by the stimulation of sugar phosphate synthesis in the light. 3. It was confirmed that polyphosphate exists in chloroplast as well as whole cell. Acid insoluble polyphosphate content in whole cell system was significantly decreased during the reaction and the similar tendency was also observed in chloroplst. It is, therefore, considered that acid insoluble polyphosphate also play an most important role as a phosphate pool respectively in chloroplast and in cytoplasm. 4. Protein and lipid phosphorus in chloroplast as well as whole cell system were transferred from acid insoluble polyphosphate.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 1990

Reactions of polyacrylic acid with hydroxyapatite, enamel and dentin were examined using infrared spectroscopy for the detection of $COO^-$ ions bonded to substrates. And also atomic aboscorption spectrophotometry and visible spectrophotometry were used to analyze the concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in the filtered solutions. The results were as follows. 1. Chemical adhesion of poly acrylic acid to hydroxyapatite, enamel and dentin was observed by infrared spectroscopy. 2. More calcium and phosphorus were detected in the filtered solutions of sodium polyacrylate-reacted specimens than in the filtered solutions of deionized Water-reacted specimens. 3. Mechanism of adhesion of polyacrylate to substrates is postulated that the bond is ionic in nature by displacement of $Ca^{2-}$ and ${PO_4}^3$ ions from the surface of substrates.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1966

Using the Chlorella cells which had been uniformly labeled with $^{32}P$, the distribution of phosphorus in various fractions of cell material was investigated. Uniformly $^{32}P$-labeled Chlorella cells were further grown in a P-free medium, and some protions of the cells were taken out at intervals during the culture, and subjected to analyze the contents of $^{32}P$ in various fractins of the cell constituents. 2. Analysis of the $^{32}P$-labeled Chlorella cells showed that the highest in P-content was the fraction of RNA followed by those of lipid, RNA-polyphosphate complex, acid-insoluble polyphosphate, acid-soluble polyphosphate, DNA and protein. 3. During the culture of $^{32}P$-labeled Chlorella cells in a P-free medium, amounts of phosphate in DNA, protein and lipid fractions increased, while the P-contents in the fraction of RNA-polyphosphate complex decreased as well as those of acid-insoluble polyphosphate and acid-soluble polyphosphate fractions. 4. It was inferred that phosphorus used in the syntheses of DNA and protein was taken from polyphosphates of the cells, and RNA-polyphosphate complex would play an important role as a phosphate pool.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1052-1057
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• 2005

Recently, the ozone treatment of wasting activated sludge has become one of the effective and feasible process for the sludge reduction. The objective of this study is to investigate the availability of ozonized wasting sludge on external carbon sources 13r phosphorus release. Experiment results showed that the ozone treatment of activated sludge could produce a large amount of VFA such as acetic acid and isobutyric acid. For example, 50.24 mg/L acetic acid was produced with the ozone dose of 0.05 g $O_3/g$ SS, and 123.56 mg/L acetic acid with 0.5 g $O_3/g$ SS. The higher ozone dose was applied, the more VFA was produced from sludge reduction into a limited point. Finally, using ozonated sludge as only carbon source, the batch experiment, to measure phosphorus release rate in anaerobic condition were performed. The specific phosphorus release rates were investigated as 0.94, 1.37, 1.48, 1.68 mg P/g VSS/hr with ozone dose of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 g $O_3/g$ SS, respectively. Considering the degree of mineralization, VFA production, phosphorus release rate, and economical aspect, the optimal ozone dose for sludge reduction and using carbon sources ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 g $O_3/g$ SS.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.2357-2360
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• 2014

Phosphorus-doped soft carbons were successfully prepared by carbonizing petroleum cokes treated with phosphorus acids, such as $H_3PO_2$, $H_3PO_3$, and $H_3PO_4$. The effect of the type of phosphorus acids used on the composition, structure, and electrochemical performance of the soft carbons was extensively investigated. The soft carbons modified with $H_3PO_3$ and $H_3PO_4$ exhibited dramatically improved reversible capacities and outstanding rate capabilities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.173-181
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• 1969

Since 1959 ${\beta}-aminoethylphosphonic$ acid was discovered in the living organism, the biosynthesis and biological functions of aminophosphonic acids have been extensively studied. The author designed and carried out this study for 14 weeks to find out the metabolic function of Ethylaminophosphonic acid (AEP) and it's utilization in the living body. Sixty rats, thirty males and thirty females aged $40{\pm}5$ days were divided into two parts, one for alanine supplemented as control group and the other for AEP as experimental group to compare metabolic pathway of ordinary amino acid with that of AEP. Both alamine and AEP group were divived into two subgroups according to the level of supplements, 0.1% and 0.2% of the diet. The major components of the diet in this study were composed of 20% casein, 72% Sugar, 4% fat, 4% salt Mixture, and all kind of Uitamins in adeguate amount. For comparision of biological values between experimental and control group in terms of body weight, uninary nitrogen, creatinine excretion and final orgam weight, there were no statically significant difference in these respects. This meant AEP could be utilized in the body as much as alanine could. Urinary phosphorus excretion was determined by developing the blue color to read on the Spectronic 20. Statistically insignificance in the urinary phosphorus excretion between experimental and control group was observed in spite of the supplementation of phosphorus of AEP for experimental group in the diet. The level of blood phosphorus was higher in experimental group than that in control group this result supported above result. In the analysis of fat and nitrogen contents in the liver, AEP group showed slightly higher than control in both respects. But it was noteworthy 0.2% AEP group in both sex were higher than 0.1% AEP in liver fat content. Histological examinal of internal organs liiver, lung, spleen, heart, kindey, adrenal and sex organs showed no changes in all groups included in this study. The group supplemented higher level of diet. by alanine 0.2% and AEP 0.2% stayed on less body weight gain and lower liver weight. This result could be interpreted that amino acid imbalanced condition was arose in the body.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.319-331
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• 2007

The aim of this study is to enhance the flame retardancy by the synergism effect of phosphorus and bromine groups. The flame-retardant polyurethane coatings containing phosphorus and bromine compounds were synthesized. After synthesizing the intermediate products of tetramethylene bis(orthophosphate) (TBOP) and trimethylolpropane/2,3-dibromopropionic acid (2,3-DBP) [2,3-DBP-adduct], the condensation polymerization was performed with four different monomers of two intermediate products, 1,4-butanediol, and adipic acid to obtain four-components copolymer. In the condensation polymerization, the content of phosphorus was fixed to be 2wt%, and the content of 2,3-DBP that provides bromine component was varied to be 10, 20, and 30wt%, and we designated the prepared modified polyesters containing phosphorus and bromine as DTBA-10C, -20C, -30C. Average molecular weight and polydispersity index of the preparation of DTBAs were decreased with increasing 2,3-DBP content because of increase of hydroxyl group that retards reaction. We found that the thermal stability of the prepared DTBAs increased with bromine content at high temperature.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.455-462
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• 2010

Purple acid phosphatase is important for phosphorus remobilization in plants, but its role in plant adaptation to low phosphorus availability is not known. The cDNA encoding O. sativa purple acid phosphatase (OsPAP1) has 1008 bp with an open reading frame of 335 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence of OsPAP1 cDNA shows of 50-51% identity with other plant purple acid phosphatases. OsPAP1 was expressed in rice plants and in cell cultures in the absence of phosphate ($P_i$). The expression was organ-specific with the strongest expression in $P_i$-deprived roots. Functional expression of the OsPAP1 gene in the transgenic Arabidopsis line was confirmed by northern and western blot analysis. OsPAP1 overexpression lines had higher phosphatase activity than wild-type. Overexpression of OsPAP1 in Arabidopsis plants resulted in increased Pi accumulation under Pi sufficient condition. These results show that the OsPAP1 gene represents more efficient $P_i$ uptake and can be used to develop new transgenic dicotyledonous plants.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.304-314
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• 2010

This study was carried out to find out potential use of ochre as an agent to reduce phosphorus content in water. Ochre is a by-product from treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) which is composed mostly of $Fe_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3{\cdot}H_2O$, $FeO{\cdot}OH$ and $Fe(OH)_3$. Three ochre samples (ochre-H, ochre-D and ochre-S) were collected from three treatment facilities in Gangwon province. Physico-chemical characteristics of three ochre samples including pH, electrical conductivity, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, particle size distribution were analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis were also carried out. In addition, experiments for phosphorus removal from water was performed. Calcium content of ochre-H was higher than that of ochre-D and ochre-S, whereas iron content of ochre-H was lower than that of ochre-D and ochre-S. All the phosphorus in water up to maximum 191,411 mg $kg^{-1}$ per unit mass of ochre was removed with ochre-H. Ochre has immense potential as an agent to reduce phosphorus content in water.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1288-1293
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• 2002

Four adult rams ($22.25{\pm}0.90kg$) were used in a $4{\times}4$ latin square design to evaluate the rations without ($T_1$) or with supplementation of sunflower acid oil at 5 ($T_2$), 10 ($T_3$) or calcium soap at 10% of dietary DM ($T_4$) on nutrient digestibility and balances of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus. The basal ration contained 60 parts Brazilian napier grass hay and 40 parts concentrate mixture. The DM, CF, NDF and ADF digestibilities and nitrogen retention (g/d) decreased (p<0.01) by inclusion of sunflower acid oil at 5% of dietary DM. In addition, depression (p<0.01) in digestibilities of CP, nitrogen free extract (NFE), cellulose, hemicellulose, retention of calcium and phosphorus (g/d) were also observed with increasing the level of sunflower acid oil to 10% of dietary DM. The EE digestibility, total digestible nutrients (TDN) content and calcium retention (g/d) were significantly higher (p<0.01) for ration supplemented with calcium soap. It is concluded that sunflower acid oil supplementation in free form as low as 5% of dietary DM is deleterious to fibre digestion in sheep while as calcium soap, it can be fed up to 10% of dietary DM as an energy source without any adverse effect.