• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.20 no.1 s.46
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• pp.25-30
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• 1981

Mating confusion of the Striped Rice Borer with its synthetic sex pheromone, a mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenal and (Z)-13-octadecenal in a ratio of 4.5 : 1, was estimated during the first and second generation in rice field near Suweon. The mixture was highly disruptive to pheromonal communication between males and females. The orientation behavior of male moths toward the females was confused at a dosage of 29.3g per 30a during the first generation and even at 33rr.g per $20m^3$ during the second generation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.94-99
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• 1991

The daily rhythm of sex pheromone production and release by females of the black pine base scale, Matsucoccus thunbergianae Miller and Park, was demonstrated by studying the amounts of pheromone possessed and released by females, periodically after emergence. Cycles of both pheromone production and release had daily peaks between 8 a.m. and 2 p.m., and has marked decreases after 4 p.m. It appeared that the amounts of pheromone gradually decreased three days after the emergence. Significance in synchronization of the daily rhythm of female pheromone release and activities of males and females with reference to reproductive success in this species is discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2013

Mating disruption experiments were evaluated and compared in several pheromone traps and sex pheromone composition ratios at commercial chestnut garden for developing alternative control method of D. punctiferalis. The highest attractive was shown in Delta traps at the effective sex pheromone ratio of 75:25 (E10-16:A1:Z10-16:A1). Comparisons of domestic and imported pheromone constituents were not significant difference in 90:10 (E10-16:A1:Z10-16:A1). But, there was significant difference in sex pheromone ratio of 75:25. D. punctiferalis was caught the highest number in Gongju area for attractive test using pheromone trap. Attractive effects with dose of pheromone were showed the highest at 2.5 mg/lure and 1 mg/lure in Gongju area and Cheongyang area respectively. However, there was no significant difference among pheromone dose in Buyeo area. These data could be useful for eco-friendly managing of D. punctiferalis in the chestnut farm.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine pheromone trap type and height in forecasting populations of R. clavatus in soybean fields using pheromone. The most effective pheromone trap type and height in forecasting populations of R. clavatus were fish trap and 60 cm above ground. Ratio of R. clavatus adults female and male in soybean field was 1.5 to 1 and Piezodorus hybneri was also attracted to the aggregation pheromone trap of R. clavatus. Attractiveness of two stink bug species caught on synthesis pheromone of R. clavatus was surveyed with imported production and synthesized production. Imported pheromone attracted only adult of R. clavatus, but synthesized pheromone attracted both adult of R. clavatus and P. hybneri. Change of population of R. clavatus was observed using pheromone trap and sweeping method in soybean field. Adults of R. clavatus occurred from early August and the population reached its peak in early September when pheromone trap was used. In case of sweeping method, its fluctuation pattern was similar to that of pheromone trap.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.250-256
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• 1994

Flight behavior of Mntsucoccus thunbergianae males and their response to the synthetic sex pheromone, (6R.lOR)-matsuone, were studied in Pinus thunbergiana forests More males were flying around the tree crown than near the ground. A dispenser loaded w~th 50 vg of the pheromone appeared to affect the density of male flights less than 10 meters Sticky traps with 50 pg of the pheromone attracted flylng males, but those with 1 pg were not effectwe in a forest wlth high crown closure, more males were tmpped at upper crown level than near the ground whereas males appeared to be more responsive to pheromone near the ground in a forest with low crown closure Monitoring new scale iniestations with pheromone mps was much more effective than egg sac surveys, the customary detecting procedures Maiing disruption was not achieved by placing 32 mg of pheromone m a space of l X l X l meter.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2010

Attractiveness of different amounts of methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the aggregation pheromone of brown-winged stink bug, Plautia stali (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), was tested using different kinds of dispensers. A lure filled with hexane was used as a control treatment. There were no differences in the attractiveness of the pheromone to P. stali and Halyomorpha halys among dispensers (polyethylene-vial, rubber septum, and polyethylene tube). Traps baited with 7, 20, 40, 50, and 60 mg of pheromone were tested for their attractiveness. For females, the 40 mg trap attracted highest number of P. stali, even though there were no significant differences among pheromone amounts. For males, the 40 and 50 mg traps attracted significantly more bugs than the 7, 20, and 60 mg traps and the control traps. Based on these results, the pheromone dispenser impregnated with 40 mg of pheromone will be practical in monitoring P. stali in the field.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.60-68
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• 2016

Pheromone orientation in moths is an exemplar of olfactory sensitivity. To avoid cross mating, the responses of males to pheromone blends must be high specificity and temporal resolution. We tested the effects of olfactory self- and cross-adaptation of pheromone compounds and mixtures in Spodoptera litura moths by electroantennogram (EAG) recordings. The challenge of S. litura antennae to a pulse train of its own pheromone blends of Z9,E11-14:OAc and Z9,E12-14:OAc with 200 ms on/off and 1 s on/off indicated that the repetitive stimulation by 200 ms on/off with high dosages resulted in greater adaptation than that by 1 s on/off with low dosages and the adaptation index of Z9,E11-14:OAc in all treatments is significantly larger than that of Z9,E12-14:OAc, suggesting that high dosages with more frequent stimulation prefer to induce sensory adaptations and a different odor coding exist between the two components in the antennal periphery in this moth. The cross-adaptation EAG test among the two pheromone compounds and Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH from congeneric species of S. litura showed that each of these compounds adapted the antenna more to that specific compound. The significantly higher adaptation to Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH than to the pheromone components of S. litura induced by themselves suggested that both of them are coded by specific odor receptor neurons which are different from those tuned to the pheromone components of S. litura . Thus, we proposed that Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH may play an important role in avoidance of heterospecific mating between S. litura and its sympatric moth species.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.149-149
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• 2016

Pheromone orientation in moths is an exemplar of olfactory sensitivity. To avoid cross mating, the responses of males to pheromone blends must be high specificity and temporal resolution. We tested the effects of olfactory self-and cross-adaptation of pheromone compounds and mixtures in Spodoptera litura moths by electroantennogram (EAG) recordings. The challenge of S. litura antennae to a pulse train of its own pheromone blends of Z9,E11-14:OAc and Z9,E12-14:OAc with 200 ms on/off and 1 s on/off indicated that the repetitive stimulation by 200 ms on/off with high dosages resulted in greater adaptation than that by 1 s on/off with low dosages and the adaptation index of Z9,E11-14:OAc in all treatments is significantly larger than that of Z9,E12-14:OAc, suggesting that high dosages with more frequent stimulation prefer to induce sensory adaptations and a different odor coding exist between the two components in the antennal periphery in this moth. The cross-adaptation EAG test among the two pheromone compounds and Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH from congeneric species of S. litura showed that each of these compounds adapted the antenna more to that specific compound. The significantly higher adaptation to Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH than to the pheromone components of S. litura induced by themselves suggested that both of them are coded by specific odor receptor neurons which are different from those tuned to the pheromone components of S. litura. Thus, we proposed that Z7-12:OAc and Z9-14:OH may play an important role in avoidance of heterospecific mating between S. litura and its sympatric moth species.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2019

Animals need to be able to alter their developmental and behavioral programs in response to changing environmental conditions. This developmental and behavioral plasticity is mainly mediated by changes in gene expression. The knowledge of the mechanisms by which environmental signals are transduced and integrated to modulate changes in sensory gene expression is limited. Exposure to ascaroside pheromone has been reported to alter the expression of a subset of putative G protein-coupled chemosensory receptor genes in the ASI chemosensory neurons of C. elegans (Kim et al., 2009; Nolan et al., 2002; Peckol et al., 1999). Here we show that ascaroside pheromone reversibly represses expression of the str-3 chemoreceptor gene in the ASI neurons. Repression of str-3 expression can be initiated only at the L1 stage, but expression is restored upon removal of ascarosides at any developmental stage. Pheromone receptors including SRBC-64/66 and SRG-36/37 are required for str-3 repression. Moreover, pheromone-mediated str-3 repression is mediated by FLP-18 neuropeptide signaling via the NPR-1 neuropeptide receptor. These results suggest that environmental signals regulate chemosensory gene expression together with internal neuropeptide signals which, in turn, modulate behavior.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.862-866
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• 2003

Traveling Salesman Problem(TSP) is a combinational optimization problem, Genetic Algorithm(GA) and Lin-Kernighan(LK) Heuristic［1］that is Local Search Heuristic are one of the most commonly used methods to resolve TSP. In this paper, we introduce ACS(Ant Colony System) Algorithm as another approach to solve TSP and propose a new pheromone updating method. ACS uses pheromone information between cities in the Process where many ants make a tour, and is a method to find a optimal solution through recursive tour creation process. At the stage of Global Updating of ACS method, it updates pheromone of edges belonging to global best tour of created all edge. But we perform once more pheromone update about created all edges before global updating rule of original ACS is applied. At this process, we use the frequency of occurrence of each edges to update pheromone. We could offer stochastic value by pheromone about each edges, giving all edges' occurrence frequency as weight about Pheromone. This finds an optimal solution faster than existing ACS algorithm and prevent a local optima using more edges in next time search.