• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.413-420
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• 2009

We propose a novel feed network for a $2{\times}2$ array antenna to form a sectoral conical beam. The proposed feed network, which is a symmetrical structure, consists of four $90^{\circ}$ hybrids, a crossover, and four $90^{\circ}$ delay lines. To verify the performance of the feed network a $2{\times}2$ array antenna and the feed network are fabricated on a microstrip structure, and the radiation patterns are measured at the center frequency of 2.57 GHz. The maximum radiation is measured at the $45^{\circ}$ elevation angle and at the $45^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$, $225^{\circ}$, and $315^{\circ}$ azimuth angles depending on the choice of the input port of the feed network.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.128-134
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• 2010

In this paper, a high-power 20-way stripline power divider with low insertion loss and low side lobe level is successfully designed, fabricated and measured as a feed network for an S-band linear array antenna having Dolph-Chebyshev current distribution which has a narrow beam width and very low side lobe level (SLL). The 20-way stripline power divider consists of an 8-way power divider, three 4-way power dividers and three ring hybrids. It utilizes a T-junction structure as a basic element for power dividing. Notches and modified input/output N-to-stripline transitions are used for improving insertion loss and return loss. The fabricated power divider shows insertion loss less than 0.3 ㏈ and rms phase mismatch less than 8o in the full bandwidth. A final 40-way power divider is synthesized by combining symmetrically two 20-way power dividers and is expected to have SLL over 40 dB, based on the measured results of the 20-way power divider.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.129-135
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a multi target's elevation angle estimation method using multi beam forming technique. This method make a stacked beam to digital processing a received signal in array element. There can be desired receiving beam to application weight value at antenna element in beam forming. Currently, we are to make multi stacked beam using fast fourier transform in stead of phase shifter to be a computer performance much improvement. Also, we improve multi beam directivity using beam steering error correction technique in order to beam steering to desired direction in receiver. Through simulation, we show that the proposed elevation estimation method based on fast fourier transform and beam steering error correction technique, improves th performance of target estimation compared to previous method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.10A
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• pp.988-995
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• 2006

In this Paper, we Present a nonharmonic may geometry design method using Euclidan minimum distance function in difference Phase spaces for 2-D (azimuth/elevation) multiple baseline antenna may which has a way to reduce the number of sensor antennas while maintaining accurate DOA estimate. The major advantages of our approach is that even the shortest interelement spacing can be larger than half-wavelength and is not limit13d to linear and it can be applied successfully to any array configuration. In multiple signals impinging situation, the performance simulation results of superresolution algorithms shows the effectiveness of the proposed method. Also the 2-D asymmetric may using the Proposed method is designed and the Performance of the manufactured away through the experimental test is verified.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.323-332
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• 2024

Receiver and transmitter monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) multifunction chips (MFCs) for active phased-array antennas for Ka-band satellite communication (SATCOM) terminals have been designed and fabricated using a 0.15-㎛ GaAs pseudomorphic high-electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) process. The MFCs consist of four-channel radio frequency (RF) paths and a 4:1 combiner. Each channel provides several functions such as signal amplification, 6-bit phase shifting, and 5-bit attenuation with a 44-bit serial-to-parallel converter (SPC). RF pads are implemented on the bottom side of the chip to remove the parasitic inductance induced by wire bonding. The area of the fabricated chips is 5.2 mm × 4.2 mm. The receiver chip exhibits a gain of 18 dB and a noise figure of 2.0 dB over a frequency range from 17 GHz to 21 GHz with a low direct current (DC) power of 0.36 W. The transmitter chip provides a gain of 20 dB and a 1-dB gain compression point (P1dB) of 18.4 dBm over a frequency range from 28 GHz to 31 GHz with a low DC power of 0.85 W. The P1dB can be increased to 20.6 dBm at a higher bias of +4.5 V.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.907-915
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• 2002

In this paper, a compact digital phase shifter to be used an active phased array antenna system for satellite communications was proposed. The even and odd mode analysis for a given reflection-type phase shifter, which uses a folded hybrid coupler as a base element, was performed and the design parameters were derived. Also, to verify experimentally the electrical performances of the proposed structure, X-band 4-bit digital phase shifter was designed and fabricated using Teflon soft substrate $({\varepsilon}_r; =\;2.17)$. Its circuit size was less than 3.5 cm $\times$ 3.0 cm, and it exhibited at least 50 % size reduction as compared with the conventional unfolded configuration. The experimental results of the fabricated phase shifter showed that the average insertion loss and insertion loss variation were less than 3.5 dB, $\pm$ 0.6 dB within the operating band, 7.9 ~ 8.4 GHz, respectively. And, input and output return loss were more than 10 dB, respectively. Also, the phase response of the phase shifter showed 4-bit operation with $\pm$3$^{\circ}$ rms phase error.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.465-473
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• 2019

This paper is meaningful as the first case where a 4 - sided hull-fixed phased array radar was installed on a mast separated from Korea and the alignment was verified. The mechanical alignment method was studied for accurately mounting two separate masts for naval ships and the 3D scanner for alignment. Hull-fixed phased array radar uses very high frequency, so the short wavelength can cause a phase difference of the device due to the small positional error. Since the array antenna is fixed with the hull, it has higher accuracy control than the rotary radar for 4 array surfaces. The study describes a method of checking the flatness of two radar masts manufactured at a factory, a method of aligning masts in a shipyard, and a method of aligning four array pad mounting surfaces. As a tool for this, a 3D laser scanner and a software-based method for comparing survey results with 3D CAD are used. This paper is meaningful as the first example of installing a four-sided hull-fixed phased array radar on a separate mast from a Korean naval ship and deriving a mechanical alignment method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.10
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

In this paper, the effect of a finite substrate on the mutual coupling of a pair of microstrip patch antennas along the H -plane is investigated. The mutual coupling of a pair of microstrip patch antennas can be reduced using the interference effect due to the phase difference by a variety of routes of the surface wave. In the case of the substrate with $\varepsilon_r$=10 and thickness of 3.2 mm, the mutual coupling is reduced by 4.85 dB on the substrate size with the strong mutual coupling, while the mutual coupling is reduced by 34.28 dB on the substrate size with the weak mutual coupling when the distance between the antenna centers is varied from 0.5 $\lambda_0$ to 1.0 $\lambda_0$. In the case of optimization substrate size, the decreasing rate of the mutual coupling with the increase of the distance between the antenna centers is very large. Good agreements between the image method and full wave simulation results are obtained.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 2005

A photonic RF true-time delay using a tapered chirped fiber Bragg grating coated with a heating electrode has been proposed and fabricated. For an RF signal carried over an optical signal, the time delay has been achieved by controlling the voltage applied to the electrode and thus adjusting its reflection positions from the fiber grating through the thermooptic effect. It features continuous voltage-controlled operation, requiring no mechanical perturbation and no moving parts. The measured time delay was about 120 ps with the electrical power consumption of $250{\cal}mW$.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.333-346
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• 2024

Various techniques for noninvasively focus microwave energy on lesions have been proposed for thermotherapy. To focus the microwave energy on the lesion, a focusing parameter, which is referred to as the magnitude and phase of microwaves radiated from an external array antenna, is very important. Although the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)-based time-reversal (TR) focusing algorithm is widely used, it has a long processing time if the focusing target position changes or if optimization is needed. We propose a technique to obtain multistatic data (MSD) based on Green's function and use it to derive the focusing parameters. Computer simulations were used to evaluate the electric fields inside the object using the FDTD method and Green's function as well as to compare the focusing parameters using FDTD- and MSD-based TR focusing algorithms. Regardless of the use of Green's function, the processing time of MSD-based TR focusing algorithms reduces to approximately 1/2 or 1/590 compared with the FDTD-based algorithm. In addition, we optimize the focusing parameters to eliminate hotspots, which are unnecessary focusing positions, by adding phase-reversed electric fields and confirm hotspot suppression through simulations.