• 한국임상약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.07a
• /
• pp.63-63
• /
• 2004

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.2329-2336
• /
• 2016

Background: Despite the existence of established guidelines advocating the use and value of chemotherapy order templates, chemotherapy orders are still handwritten in many hospitals in Lebanon. This manuscript describes the implementation of standardized chemotherapy order templates (COT) in a Lebanese tertiary teaching hospital through multiple steps. Initial Assessment: An initial assessment was conducted through a retrospective appraisal of completeness of handwritten chemotherapy orders for 100 adult patients to serve as a baseline for the project and identify parameters that might afford improvement. Choice of solution: Development of over 300 standardized pre-printed COTs based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network templates and adapted to the practice culture and patient population. Implementation: The COTs were implemented, using Kotter's 8-step model for leading change, by engaging health care providers, and identifying and removing barriers. Evaluation: Assessment of physicians' compliance with the new practice (122 orders assessed) was completed through two phases and allowed for the identification of areas of improvement. Lessons Learned: Overall, COT implementation showed an average improvement in order completion from 49.5% (handwritten orders) to 77.6% (phase 1-COT) to 87.6% (phase 2-COT) reflecting an increase of 38.1% between baseline and phase 2 and demonstrating that chemotherapy orders completeness was improved by pre-printed COT. As many of the hospitals in Lebanon are moving towards standardized COTs and computerized physician order entry (CPOE) in the next few years, this study provides a prototype for the successful implementation of COT and demonstrates their role in promoting quality improvement of cancer care.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2015

A newly-structured Korean pharmacist license exam has been launched in 2015, reflecting upon the changes in the pharmacy curriculum from a 4 year program to a 6 year program in 2009. In order to provide new ideas to ensure that the new exam is one of the most effective pharmacist evaluations that have taken place thus far, this study was done to compare the pharmacy exams in Korea and Canada. One of the major differences noted between the two countries' exams is that along with paper based MCQ portion of the exam, Canada's exam also includes a performance-based section, known as OSCE, which the Korean Pharmacy Exam (KPE) does not have. Furthermore, with the MCQ portion of the exam, the Canadian exam asks about 300 questions, with 450 minutes of test time allocated and taken during a period of two consecutive days, the KPE asks 350 questions, with 325 minutes of test time allocated in one day. Although, similarly, many of the questions in both exams place emphasis on clinical or patient care, Canada's exam puts significantly more emphasis (50.5% of exam questions) on these types of questions than Korea (29.7% of exam questions). However, this percentage does not reflect the exact weight placed for the specific areas of knowledge it requires to answer these questions, since the types of questions asked in this section in Canada could be placed in another section on the KPE. Canada's exam also has more questions (10% +150 questions for BC) on the topics of law and ethics compared to the KPE (5.7%). The reason for this may be that the Canadian society puts emphasis on the legal and ethical duties of pharmacists as a leader. However, since each country is unique in their social, economical, and cultural points of view, comparing the KPE to the Canadian licensing exam and applying these differences to the new KPE may not be appropriate. One last thing to consider is that, as WHO/FIP mentioned, in good pharmacy practice, continually updating and developing an appropriate pharmacy exam with consideration of societal changes, is key to success in developing the scope of practice for current and future pharmacists.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.299-308
• /
• 2013

According to the changed '2+4'-year pharmacy school curriculum in Korea, pharmacy preceptors play a highly crucial role in educating student pharmacists through practice-based learning. Whether the new curriculum in a Korean pharmacy school will become firmly established or not depends on the competency of a preceptor. Before the preceptors with high competencies are anticipated, the effective education programs for them should be provided. However, there have been little studies regarding the competencies of pharmacy preceptors in Korea. This study was to analyze the degree of differences between importance and performance of preceptors' competencies. The self-reported questionnaire was utilized to collect data from pharmacists in the preceptor education program of a university. Total 122 pharmacists participated in the program, and 78 responded to the survey questionnaires. The average of importance for overall evaluation items was 4.32 whereas that of performance for them was 3.51 by using a 5-point Likert scale. The evaluation items with relatively marked differences between importance and performance were 'sufficient time allowance for students', 'teaching research results regarding newly approved drugs', 'clear understanding of goals and learning contents about pharmacy practice experiences', and 'plan for systemic experience educations'. Further follow-up researches on changes of the differences in importance- performance of preceptors' competencies after precepting student pharmacists should be implemented. Furthermore, the effective and appropriate methods for the preceptor education programs based on the follow-up studies should be developed to reduce the difference between importance and performance.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.202-209
• /
• 2023

Background: With the emergent transition of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for online/offline blended learning that can effectively be utilized in a team-based learning (TBL) course has emerged. Methods: We used the online metaverse platforms, Gather and Zoom, along with face-to-face teaching methods in a team-based Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE) course and examined students' learning satisfaction and achievement, as well as their preferences to the learning platforms. A survey questionnaire was distributed to the students after the IPPE course completion. All data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS. Results: Students had high levels of course satisfaction (4.61±0.57 out of 5) and achievement of course learning objectives (4.49±0.70 out of 5), and these were positively correlated with self-directed learning ability. While students believed that the face-to-face platform was the most effective method for many of the class activities, they responded that Gather was the most effective platform for team presentations. The majority of students (64.3%) indicated that blended learning was the most preferred method for a TBL course. Conclusion: Students in a blended TBL IPPE course had high satisfaction and achievements with the use of various online/offline platforms, and indicated that blended learning was the most preferred learning method. In the post-COVID-19 era, it is important to utilize the blended learning approach in a TBL setting that effectively applies online/offline platforms according to the learning contents and activities to maximize students' learning satisfaction and achievement.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2017

The prevalence of diabetes and its related morbidity and mortality are being increased. Despite the advancement of evidence-based pharmacotherapy in the management of diabetes, many patients in our country do not achieve satisfied therapeutic outcomes. Pharmaceutical care service can be defined as a patient-centered clinical service provided by pharmacists to improve therapeutic outcomes and quality of life of patients, by identifying, and preventing or resolving drug-related problems (DRPs). Pharmaceutical care service is interdisciplinary team-based practice, and is provided through collaborative practice agreement (CPA) between one or more physicians and pharmacists. This article describes a model of pharmaceutical care service which can be adopted in our country for patients with diabetes in the ambulatory care settings. With the successful implementation of this service, clinical, economic, and humanistic outcomes of patients will be improved. Therefore, by actively implementing pharmaceutical care service, pharmacist should contribute to the promotion of patients' health and to the advancement of health care delivery system.

• CELLMED
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.23.1-23.6
• /
• 2015

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practice is still popular among the Malaysian population nowadays although western or allopathic medicine is the first line of treatment. Dissatisfaction with health services and therapeutic effects of western medicine or preference for holistic, integrative approach in treatment are common reasons favouring the increasing popularity of CAM practices. The efforts toward integration of CAM and western medicine in Malaysia were rather slow and in a piece-meal fashion. Strategic efforts in strengthening government and self-regulation among practitioners, formalizing education, promoting research, and cultivating national and international networks are necessary to achieve an integrative system. Regulations to restrict the practice and sale of CAM products to licensed practitioners, strict and mandatory registration of the practitioners, inclusion of CAM in essential medicines list, and pricing regulations must be comprehensively discussed. Development of curriculum, offers of scholarship and incentives, promotion of courses and seminars for professionals is necessary to increase the numbers of CAM experts. Malaysia should follow the efforts of other countries on the production and documentation of local CAM data, allocation of funding, and establishment of research centres to assess the efficacy of potentially useful local products. Local and international collaboration in research and continuous education is important for exchange of knowledge and skills. In conclusion more coordinated efforts in regulation of CAM practice and products, formalizing CAM training and education would significantly move the process forward and allow the public to enjoy more health benefits from CAM practice in Malaysia.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2008

Consumers have been requiring more higher level of food and agricultural products safety. The system of Good Agricultural Practice(GAP) has been spreaded over the world. Korea also introduced the GAP system in agricultural industry. GAP is related to the production side in the whole traceability system. The establishment of GAP system is a prerequisite to secure food safety. This study reviewed the concept of GAP and necessities and backgrounds of introducing the GAP system. Also, this study analyzed the problems which have been appeared in the GAP program and proposed the policy strategies and directions for the Korean GAP system. So issues for the GAP system are as follows; computerizing of traceability system, forming the cooperative works among the related governmental departments, establishing a certification system to relate with crop features, efficient management, ensuring distribution channel and the research for estimating GAP consumer surplus is need to analyze GAP program more efficient. In addition, It is necessary to keep the records of the data to analyze the GAP program more accurately.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.182-187
• /
• 2011

The Korean pharmacy education has been facing extraordinary challenges. Clinical pharmacy has been embraced into mainstream in the new curriculum since its introduction in Korea. Although these changes are positive to provide our graduates adequate knowledge and skills to meet international standards of pharmacy education, current preparedness is far from desired goals. Thus, faculty members and clinical pharmacy experts from diverse walks are tirelessly committed to develop clinically oriented educational sites. However, it is important to recognize that pharmacy practice, research, and education should be aligned with the $Profession^{\circ}{\Phi}s$ vision. Most faculty members in clinical pharmacy were unexceptionally expected to tackle educational challenges with new curriculum. All academicians must profess throughout their career. Fundamental component in academic career is research accomplishments. The prosperity of clinical pharmacy inevitably goes with research. Clinical researchers in Korea are underprivilaged over basic scientists due to less funding opportunity, administrative support, and research resources. Clinical pharmacy researchers should further overcome poor recognition among other healthcare professionals and government. Aggressive networking and support and awareness of pharmacy oriented clinical research from the Korean college of clinical pharmacy would nurture clinical pharmacy research. With research progress, clinical pharmacy would be prerogative in Korean pharmacy advance.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.299-303
• /
• 2004

Prescription filling in powder form is performed in community pharmacy practice to adjust dose for children and patients who cannot swallow whole tablet. However, there are few reports regarding the stability of the active ingredient and possible microbial growth after the medication is dispensed to powder form. This study examined the stability of atenolol, an antihypertensive agent, and microbial growth in the unit dose pouches dispensed at twenty-one community pharmacies located in Taegu area. Randomly chosen first unit dose pouch contained 77.4% of the prescribed dose of the drug and there were only four community pharmacies that dispensed the drug within 10% deviation from the dose prescribed by physician. Surprisingly, there were three community pharmacies that dispensed the drug with greater than 40% deviation, which may pose a major concern regarding the efficacy and safety of the drug prescribed for the treatment of hypertension. Atenolol content during a month did not indicate significant change, showing 5.4%, 4.3%, and 3.3% of decrease in 50%, 80%, and 90% relative humidity conditions, respectively. Microbiological examination during a month showed less than 0.5 microorganism in high power field (hpf) in all the relative humidity conditions tested. Based on this study, pharmacy practice in community pharmacy needs to be rigorously regulated to ensure that the dose of the prescribed drug is properly incorporated into the unit dose pouch dispensed as powder form.