• 수면정신생리
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2008

Light therapy (also called light treatment or phototherapy) involves scheduled exposure to bright artificial light. Evidence-based treatments for sleep disorders especially for circadian rhythm sleep disorders include light therapy and pharmacotherapy. In clinical practice, many of patients with sleep problems tend to impair circadian rhythmicity. Considering that light is the most potent entraining agent of circadian rhythm, careful use of light therapy can be recommended for patients with several kinds of sleep disorders. I briefly review the possible therapeutic mechanisms and clinical applications of light therapy, focusing on circadian sleep disorders.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2002

Various sleep-related problems are common in pregnant women. Sleep disorders may result in intrauterine growth restriction as well as harm to pregnant women. Pharmacotherapy of sleep disorders in pregnancy require cautious judgement. All physicians managing sleep-related problems of pregnant women in clinical practice need to understand sleep-related problems and their management in pregnancy. Therefore, I have reviewed the literature on normal sleep, sleep disorders and their management in pregnancy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was conducted in order to describe prescribing practices in treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder in a Korean inpatient sample. Methods : We performed a retrospective chart review of 66 youths who had been hospitalized and diagnosed with bipolar disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition criteria. Demographics, clinical characteristics, medications used, doses, and related adverse events were examined. Results : Mood stabilizers and/or atypical antipsychotic medications were the primary treatment. Risperidone, valproate, and lithium were the most commonly used. Thirty seven patients (58.1%) were treated with combination therapy of an atypical antipsychotic and mood stabilizer for improvement of manic/mixed symptoms. Conclusion : Combination pharmacotherapy was necessary for most patients in this admission sample group. Conduct of further studies will be needed for evaluation of treatment response according to the clinical characteristics, and the safety and efficacy of treatment for child and adolescent bipolar disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.70-83
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• 2017

The objective of this review is the revision of the Korean practice parameters for the pharmacological treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based on the change in the diagnostic system from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5 and psychopharmacological developments. For the evidence-based approach, the authors conducted a review of the literature, including controlled clinical trials, studies of the side effects of drugs, toxicology and meta-analyses from the United States and Europe, as well as recent research conducted in Korea. The review committee composed of Korean experts on ADHD reviewed the revised parameters. This revised version reveals how to use central nervous system psychostimulants, non-stimulants such as atomoxetine and alpha2 agonists, and other medication for ADHD, and how to manage the adverse effects of such medication. At the end of this revised version, the authors propose recommendations for the pharmacotherapy of ADHD.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.348-352
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• 2009

Over the last decade, the incidence of overweight and obesity has nearly doubled in many countries and is considered a pandemic. Obesity was identified as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease as the same level as smoking and diabetes. Visceral fat is considered one of the key contributors to outcome and certain ethnic groups such as Asians seem to be more affected than others. Weight reduction through lifestyle changes was found to be impactful to improve overall health, but weight loss and maintenance thereof is limited and difficult to sustain. Surgical intervention demonstrated a greater weight loss in the severely obese and was associated with improved all-cause mortality. Despite numerous pharmacological targets and a high medical need, only few drugs have been successfully developed. Earlier studies with amphetamine-derived compounds showed significant weight loss but their critical safety profiles led to market withdrawals and disappointment. More recent compounds; orlistat - a lipase inhibitor, rimonabant - a cannaboid-1-receptor antagonist, and sibutramine - a combined serotonin/norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor, all demonstrated similar significant efficacy; however, they carry specific safety profiles making them unsuitable for every patient. The main limitation of pharmacotherapy is the absence of clear benefit-risk assessments through outcome studies. Such a study - the SCOUT trial - was designed to compare sibutramine versus placebo and the effect on morbidity and mortality in nearly 10,000 obese patients with additional risk factors. Such studies could provide new scientific evidence for obesity treatment and may support future pharmacological approaches.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2011

신경병성 통증 질환은 신경계의 원발성 병소 혹은 기능이상에 의해 나타나는 통증으로 여러 가지 다양한 병인들에 의해 야기된다. 이러한 신경병성 통증 질환의 치료에는 다양한 계열의 다양한 약물들이 사용된다. 단순한 일화성 경험 혹은 습관적인 약물 선택이 아닌, 보다 효과적인 약물 치료를 위한 접근을 위해 일정 수준 이상의 약물 치료 효과에 대한 임상 연구들의 다중 분석을 바탕으로 약물 상호간의 간접-비교 지수가 개발되었다. 이러한 간접-비교 지수를 통해, 신경병성 통증 질환의 약물 치료 시, 1차 선택 약물 및 2차 선택 약물 등이 제안되었으며, 이러한 지식을 바탕으로 환자의 삶의 질 유지 측면에서, 적절한 약물의 선택이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 약학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2015

Everyone has own color preference and the color preference can affect human psychology in various good or bad ways. Especially patients with chronic diseases often have depressed mood to take pills for their disease treatment. Therefore we evaluate the possibility of their color preference to pharmacotherapy in good way which increases the compliance of pharmacotherapy. We performed this study by a Questionnaire survey for total 150 agreed patients at K University hospital from Aug 7 to Sep 30, 2014. Questionnaire survey was performed to choose color of providing color kit (11 different color range kit) depend on each 16 questions which asked the patient characteristics, health condition, general color preference, color preference for medicine and expectation for drug compliance. In results, most preferred color was blue (20%), whereas disliked color was black (30%) in general life. However, most preferred color for pill was white (32%), for syrup was also white (31%) or orange (28%), and for vitamin was yellow (47%). When we asked the possibility of increasing compliance, if the current taking pill color will be changed for your preference color like a candy bar, 50.4% of respondents marked 4 or 5 of like-scale expressing positive opinion on it. In conclusion, compliance is very important to succeed the treating disease and may apply the psychologic application such as each patient color preference for drug compliance in the future.

• 약학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2009

Metabolic syndrome is increasing nowadays and one of causes is obesity. Therefore prevention and treatment of obesity is very important to decrease of Metabolic syndrome. However currently many pharmacotherapy for obesity are popular in Korea and it may be dangerous. The aim of this study is to evaluate the purpose and relevance of obese treatment in two areas (capital & local) of Korea and suggest to guide for the right directions of pharmacotherapy in obesity treatment. We selected and surveyed 90 patients (88 females, 2 males, age of $23{\sim}60$) at random who received a prescription after consulting with a doctor at several clinics of Cheongju-area and Seoul-area, from May thru June, 2007. And we evaluated their prescriptions. In results, only 26.7% were obese (13.3%, 2325), most 73.3% patients were normal (65.6%, 18.5$m^2$). The purpose of treatment was for appearance (38.9%), health (41.1%) or both (18.9%, p<0.01). 94% patients had the past history of obese treatment. Prescriptions were consisted of CNS stimulant, anticonvulsants, antidepressant, laxatives, diuretics, or antianxietics. Obese treatment is very important for health to prevent disease such as Metabolic Syndrome. However it should not be abused. In conclusion, some patients of obese treatment is not relevant to obesity and pharmacist role is important to guide them for the right directions in obesity treatment.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2015

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), one of alopecias, requires continuous treatment in order to prevent or stop it, and patient's compliance is very important. Currently, only two drugs (finasteride, minoxidil) have been approved for AGA by Food and Drug Administration of United States (US FDA). However, another ${\alpha}-2$ reductase inhibitor, dutasteride, is approved by Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) through a phase III trial. For treatment, pharmacotherapy of AGA usually combines topical minoxidil 7% with one of oral <${\alpha}-2$ reductase inhibitor. Objectives: We evaluated the comparative efficacy and adverse effect between topical minoxidil 7%/finasteride 1 mg and topical minoxidil 7%/dutasteride 0.5 mg pharmacotherapy for outpatients with AGA. Also we evaluated the relationship between therapeutic effect and regular hospital visit. Method: This study was performed retrospectively based on electronic medical record (EMR) data of total 98 patients (topical minoxidil 7% with dutasteride 0.5 mg ($Avodart^{(R)}$) or finasteride 1 mg ($Alopecia^{(R)}$, $Propecia^{(R)}$) with diagnosis of AGA from department of dermatology at a secondary hospital from January $1^{st}$, to May $31^{st}$, 2014. Results: The efficacy and adverse event of topical minoxidil 7%/dutasteride 0.5 mg (DUTA group) were 100% and 45.7%, and of topical minoxidil 7%/finasteride 1 mg (FINA group) were 92.1% and 33.3%, respectively. The mean onset time of responses and adverse events in the FINA group were 3.86 months and 4.43 months. Those in the DUTA group were 3.97 months and 5.06 months. Conclusion: Both FINA and DUTA group were highly effective, but the DUTA group showed higher efficacy and adverse effects than those in the FINA group. Dutasteride may be another alternative in AGA treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2013

Objectives : Previous studies reported that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) resulted from a deficit of selective attention and sustained attention. In this study, we assessed the result of methylphenidate-induced changes of the cerebral frontal executive functions in patients with ADHD. Methods : The subjects in this study consisted of 16 ADHD patients whose age ranged from 7 to 12. We used ADHD Diagnostic System (ADS) for the attention improvement, and the Stroop Test for the executive function response to pharmacotherapy with MPH. Results : After pharmacotherapy with methylphenidate for 12 weeks, the study group showed improvement in the clinical aspects through Clinical Global Impression-Severity, ADHD-rating scale and Inattention/Overactivity With Aggression Conner's Parents Rating Scale. In the ADS test, only in auditory task there was a decrease of both the response time and the standard deviation of the response time significantly. In the Stroop Test, there was a decrease in the word task, color task and color-word task significantly. Conclusion : Our results show that psychostimulant medication improves neuropsychological function, including the cerebral frontal executive function. This study implies that we have to consider the improvement of executive function, as well as attention when evaluating the efficacy of treatment.