• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.86 no.3
• /
• pp.183-195
• /
• 2023

Bronchiectasis, which is characterized by irreversibly damaged and dilated bronchi, causes significant symptoms, poor quality of life, and increased economic burden and mortality rates. Despite its increasing prevalence and clinical significance, bronchiectasis was previously regarded as an orphan disease, and ideal treatment of this disease has been poorly understood. The European Respiratory Society and British Thoracic Society have recently published guidelines to assist physicians in the clinical field. Guidelines and reports suggest comprehensive management that includes both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment. Physiotherapy and pulmonary rehabilitation are two of the most important non-pharmacologic therapies in bronchiectasis patients; long-term inhaled antibiotics and macrolide therapy have gained significant evidence in reducing exacerbation risk in frequent exacerbators. In this review, we summarize recent updates on bronchiectasis treatment to prevent exacerbation and manage clinical deterioration.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.74-83
• /
• 2013

In the management of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) disorders, dental practioner should conduct the reversible, conservative, and inexpensive treatment modalities prior to the irreversible and invasive treatment. That is to say, behavioral, pharmacologic, and physical therapy should be conducted firstly, and then the occlusal appliance therapy could be considered. If patients do not react to these conservative treatments, we have to consider surgical treatments. If the accurate diagnosis is confirmed by intimate history taking, clinical and imaging examinations, we can rehabilitate the normal TMJ function and relieve the clinical symptoms with only conservative treatments in most TMJ disorder cases.

• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.56-60
• /
• 2006

Panic disorder is a relatively common psychiatric illness (life time prevalence 3.5%), and it is known that 91% of patients with panic disorder have at least one other psychiatric disorder. And patients with panic disorder, who have coexisting generalized anxiety disorder, tend to have more severe symptoms and less favorable outcome and respond less well to psychological and pharmacologic treatment. The authors report a 51-year old male who was previously diagnosed as panic disorder in the out-patient clinic, showed poor response to antipanic treatment. However, he showed great improvement after he was treated for panic disorder and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder. This case report showed that more effort to identify comorbid conditions is needed in panic disorder patients and the effectiveness of venlafaxine in the treatment of panic disorder with generalized anxiety disorder.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.354-363
• /
• 2006

Headaches are common in children and become more common and increase in frequency during adolescence. There are various causes of headaches. The majority of cases are considered as primary and include migraine and tension headaches. The rational evaluation of headache begins with careful history. Migraine is genetically determined recurrent pain syndrome accompanied by neurological and gastrointestinal features, involving interaction of external triggers and internal pathophysiology and the causes of considerable disability to suffers. Establishing the correct diagnosis is essential for successful treatment. Treatment of pediatric migraine includes an individually tailored regimen of both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic measures.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 2013

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition associated with social and familial burden, as well as significant neurologic deficit. Despite the many advances in the treatment of spinal cord injury, a fundamental treatment for neurologic functional recovery has not yet been developed. In this article, we review two directions of development for spinal cord injury treatment: neuroprotective pharmacological agents and axon-regenerating cell therapy. We expect developments in these two to lead to improve functional recovery in patients with spinal cord injuries and to reduce burdens on society, as well as the patients' families.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of pharmacologic treatment of amatoxin poisoning patients. Methods: Literature was accessed through PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, KoreaMed, KISS and KMBASE. Studies relevant to human use of pharmacologic therapy including silymarin, penicillin and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for amanita poisoning were included. Case reports, letters, editorials and papers with insufficient information were excluded. Comparison of clinical outcomes (especially mortality and liver transplantation rate) in each study was analyzed. Results: The final analysis included 13 retrospective studies. None of these studies showed direct comparisons of individual agents. Among 12 studies comparing silymarin vs penicillin, eight showed clinical superiority of silymarin. Among eight studies comparing silymarin with NAC, six showed clinical superiority of silymarin. Among seven studies of NAC vs penicillin, five showed clinical superiority of NAC. Conclusion: This systematic review suggested that clinical superiority of various pharmacological agents used to treat amatoxin poisoning is debatable. Nevertheless, the available evidence suggests it is reasonable to consider combinations of multiple agents for patients with amanita poisoning. Further studies are required to establish a treatment regimen for amanita poisoning.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2017

Objectives : Termitomyces albuminosus (Berk.) Heim is one of the famous wild edible mushrooms in the southern part of China. It is known that Termitomyces albuminosus, like Aconitum koreanum used in Korean traditional medicine, contains a kind of cerebroside, termitomycesphin, causing a pharmacologic effect on the neuron system. The pharmacologic effect of Termitomyces albuminosus can be used to possibly replace Aconitum koreanum. However, It needs to be certified as safe before it can be used. Here, a single-oral toxicity test and safety classification was conducted to obtain acute information of the toxicity of dried-Termitomyces albuminosus powder and to secure its safety in clinical applications. Methods : In order to calculate approximate lethal dose(ALD), test substance was orally administered to male and female SD-rat at dose levels of 5,000 and 0 (vehicle control) mg/kg (body weight). Based on the result of this toxicity, also the estimation of safety classification was calculated using the HED-based (human equivalent dose) MOS (margin of safety). Results : There were no mortalities, test substances treatment-related clinical signs, no changes in the body or organ weights, and no gross or histopathological findings at 14 days after treatment with test substance. Thus, the approximate lethal dose of dried-Termitomyces albuminosus powder was considered over 5,000 mg/kg in both female and male mice. Conclusions : Based on the limit dose, 5000 mg/kg, it was estimated that dried-Termitomyces albuminosus powder is classified as "Specified class B" indicating that clinical dose is not limited to patients as safe as food.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 2019

Management of migraine, one of common primary headache disorders, involves the diverse strategies non-pharmacological treatment, such as headache diary, lifestyle modification, regular exercise and relaxation, cognitive behavioral therapy and neurostimulation, and pharmacological treatment. Among the treatments, this review described a pharmacologic treatment of migraine, classified into acute and preventive treatment based on the severity and the frequency of headache. It introduced the way to optimize pharmacological treatment and updated the latest treatment for migraine.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.135-148
• /
• 2006

Objectives : Juglandis Semen herbal acupuncture solution(JSS) has a broad array of clinical applications in oriental medicine, including treatment of chronic musculoskeletal diseases such as arthritis. This study was performed to investigate the global gene expression profiles using microarray assay in RAW 264.7 cell line treated with JSS and to advance our understanding of the pharmacologic effect of Jss. Methods : Change of the gene expression profile in RAW cell line following treatment with JSS alone, with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) alone, or with LPS plus JSS was investigated with a cut-off level of 2 fold change in the expression. Results : Of the 8170 genes profiled in this study, 95 were upragulated and 42 downregulated following JSS treatment, 51 were upragulated and 21 downregulated following LPS treatment, and 88 were upregulated and 69 downregulated following costimulation of JSS and LPS. Conclusion : JSS treatment induced upregulation of some genes including IL-10 with its possible implication in an antiinflammatory action of JSS. However, further research on expression profile changes induced by JSS treatment is expected.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.267-271
• /
• 2011

P19 cells are pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells and can be differentiated into neuronal cell type by treatment with retinoic acid (RA) and aggregation culture. Cannabinoids are the active components of Cannabis sativa and they have diverse pharmacologic activities, such as pain control, anti-inflammatory effects, neuro-protection effects and tumor regression. Cannabinoids also involved in neuronal proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival in developing brain. Here, we studied the role of cannabinoids on neuronal differentiation of P19 cells. Treatment with cannabinoids increased the neuronal differentiation induced by RA and also promoted transcriptional activity of neurogenin 1, key transcription factor for neuronal differentiation of P19 cells. These results suggest that the cannabinoids can accelerate neuronal differentiation of P19 cells.