• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.33-49
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to understand present situation of clinical trials, and evaluate the preparedness of the desiRnated institutions to abide by GCP(Good Clinical Practice) standards during clinical trials. Survey on the status of clinical trials was conducted for the desienated 83 clinical trial hospitals, and response rate was $95.2\%$. The results showed that 39 hospitals have conducted clinical trials to obtain drug manufacturing approval from 1990 to 1994. Most of them were trials on Phase III. Only $46.8\%$ of the institutions had sufficient human resources to perform the clinical trials. Institutions which established IRB(Institutional Review Board) accounted for 41 or $51.9\%$, but those who have a protocol evaluation guideline, or Adverse Drug Reaction(ADR) reporting system were only 12, and 21 Places, respectively. Regarding supervision of the investigational drugs, less than 30 institutions designated pharmacist as a supervisor. In conducting clinical trials, $97.4\%$ of trials had high rates of prior consent of testees, but only part of them-$61.7\%$-gave written consent. The level of conducting GCP is found to be unsatisfactory. Institutions must build the appropriate infrastructure and government must prepare in order to protect testees' rights as well as to ensure validity of the results.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2009

In July 2008, The National Police Hospital has developed the CPOE system(Computerized Physician Order Entry system) which links the medicine master and introduced the new program for the injectable antimicrobial agents. After introducing new system, we wanted to check the management of oral antimicrobial agents. Because new system has limitation that new system control only the use of the injectable antimicrobial agents. So we tried to evaluate the use of oral levofloxacin, which was chosen by a medical specialist of the infection. We retrospectively analyzed the appropriateness of oral levofloxacin through EMR(Electric Medical Record) of 72 inpatients who received oral levofloxacin in National Police Hospital in December 2008. We applied the modified ASHP(American Society of Health- System Pharmacists) DUE(Drug Use Evaluation) criteria, which is composed of justification of drug use, critical indicators, complications and outcome measures. Acceptable cases of use of levofloxacin were 67(93.01%) and 57cases(79.2%) showed good outcome. However critical indicators were not performed very well. We want to suggest the new system for the management of the medical therapeutics by the pharmacist in charge.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2015

Background: Since November 2012, some of over-the-counter (OTC) medications have been sold in convenience store without pharmacist' s supervision. We purposed to examine if the product labels of OTCs provide sufficient information that is appropriate for consumers who may have low health literacy. Methods: We compared the difficulty of words that are utilized in pharmaceutical product labels of interest (intervention) with those in the $6^{th}$ grade textbook (control). Pharmaceutical products of interest were comprised of 13 OTCs which have been sold currently in convenience stores. We grouped words into the 4 levels of difficulty based on the Korean Vocabulary Classification for Education, and statistically tested words frequency in each level between OTCs and control. Results: The 13 OTC labels included lay language (easier or equal to language used in primary school) about 10% less; professional language about 10% more (p < 0.001 in all). Labels for analgesics had the longest and most difficult information, followed by common cold preparations, muscle pain relievers as plaster or cataplasma and digestives. Conclusion: The 13 OTC labels might fail to provide appropriate information for safety use by consumers in terms of the difficulty level of words. The improvement of labels of OTC medications and consumer education strategies are called for safety use of OTC medications sold in convenience stores.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.104-128
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• 1996

In the ancient times, the medical practice relied primarily upon human instincts and experiences at the same time, shaman's incantations were widely believed to cure diseases, the workings of evil spirits supposedly. For the period from the Old Chosun through Samhan(三韓), Chinese refugees brought a long medical knowledge and skills of the continent. New Chinese medicine, traditional practices and incantations were generally used at this time. In Samhan, however, the last was the most important, performed by a Chongoon(天君). Medicine and the medical system were arranged by the period of the Three Countries(三國時代). No definite record concerning Koguryo remains now. As for Paekje, however, history shows that they set up the system under the Chinese influence, assigning medical posts such as Euibaksa(醫博士, medical doctor), Chaeyaksa(採藥師, pharmacist), and Jukeumsa(呪禁師, medicine man) within Yakbu(藥部, department of medicine). Scientifically advanced, they sent experts to Japan, giving a tremendous influence on the development of the science in ancient Japan. After the unification of the three countries, Shilla(新羅) had theri own system after the model of Dang(唐). This system of the Unified Shilla was continued down to Koryo(高麗) and became the backbone of the future ones.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.368-376
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• 2009

DUR (Drug Utilization Review) originally referred to the evaluation of drug usage details: however DUR refers to the system used to support the services of prescribing and dispensing through linking from Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) Service in Korea. HIRA is going to begin the DUR enforcement for extending to nationwide coverage after pilot test. Objectives: The aims for this study were to evaluate and clarify the current opinions of the pharmacists for the recognition and acceptance rates before nationwide coverage concerning DUR system. Methods: A 16-question-questionnaire was developed and pilot tested. For 40 days of survey by both on-line and fax paper, it was carried out on 80 pharmacists working at community pharmacy in Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do. Results: Most of answers were broadly positive and interested in begining the DUR system and kept in mind that the goal of DUR is safety guarantee for people. On the other hand, most of answerers worry that delay of patient waiting time and inharmonious communication with doctors in DUR processing can be a major obstacle to begin the DUR system. Conclusion: To solve several problems, the most important things are to make good reciprocal relationships between doctors and pharmacists, investigate intervention tool to shorten patient waiting time, and activate educational program of inspecting items for the pharmacists.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

This study is intended to provide information to menopausal women so they can control their symptoms. The basic data was gathered by interviewed 200 postmenopausal women on a HRT program. The women were questioned about their perception of menopause and compliance to the therapy with the fellowing result $71.7\%$ of the women experianced hot flushes, and $64.1\%$ experienced short term memory loss and some psychological symptoms. The women reported that these symptoms reduced their quality of life. $53\%$ of the women responded that menopause is a natural state and $59.1\%$ agreed to HRT based on their doctor's recommendation. $76.2\%$ of the women reported that HRT was effective, with $74.7\%$ reporting reduced hot flush symptoms $67.3\%$ of the women reported compliance with the medication schedule. and $43.9\%$ reported periodic non-compliance. Although HRT has been shown to be an effective treatment, the study found that less than $10\%$ of postmenopausal women are currently being treated and these treated women are generally negligent in continuing with HRT, The study recommends that a program be developed that explains the benefits and risks of HRT to be distributed to patients being treated by doctors and pharmacists. In conclusions, It is very important for hormone replacement therapy on menopausal women to take more intensive medication consultation to increase medication compliance and effectiveness of pharmacotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.80-89
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• 2014

The study objectives were to investigate the attitude of Ajou University pharmacy students toward pharmaceutical care and to identify their perceived barriers to its provision. Secondarily, their career choices and influential factors for career decision were assessed. Method: A cross-sectional survey of Ajou University pharmacy students in all professional years was conducted in May 2014. Results: Over 2 weeks, a total of 123 students participated in the study (100% response rate). All respondents agreed that pharmaceutical care is the right direction for the provision to be headed and that pharmaceutical care will improve patient health. However, professional year was inversely associated with the degree of positive attitude toward pharmaceutical care. Highly perceived barriers to pharmaceutical care included poor image of pharmacist's role in society (67%) and lack of access to the patient medical record in the pharmacy (65%). Work environment, benefits, and salary were top three influential factors for career plans, and $6^{th}$ year students considered salary most important. Patient-oriented practices (hospital and community pharmacy) were the most preferred career choices among $6^{th}$ year students. Conclusion: Pharmacy clerkships appeared to have a positive influence on career choices of those students. Efforts should be exerted to improve pharmacy clerkships and to promote pharmaceutical care.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.2 s.55
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• pp.37-47
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for better design of Pharmacy after introducing the new system of separation of dispensing from prescribing medicine. To analyze characteristics of interior design in pharmacy and to measure worker satisfaction, a survey was conducted with 255 workers who serve at any Pharmacies located in Busan, Korea. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOV A were performed with the SPSS Win program(Ver. 10.0). The major findings were as follows: 1) As a result of analyzing the role and functions of the pharmacist is to be classified into many items such as entrance, a waiting room, a dispensary, a medication & consultation area, a drug storage and a worker's room. 2) Natural substances should be used more widely instead of using chemical substances for the pharmacy interior design as finishing materials 3) Pharmacy worker's satisfaction with dispensary is specially low among the total satisfaction which is :slightly higher than the average. 4) The degree of satisfaction between pharmacy workers from different groups varied depending on work hours, and especially long time(over 10hrs) workers showed dissatisfaction. Pharmacy managers need to consider the option of expanding convenience facilities. 5) According to the satisfaction analysis for each pharmacy conditions, the group who worked in 30-pyeong spaces were most satisfied. Since the 30-pyeong space is most standardized space research should be conducted.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.173-178
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• 2009

This study aimed to analyze the master's and doctoral theses in social pharmacy field over the past 10 years in Korea. Theses were searched based on the Korean National Assembly Digital Library System, and descriptive analyses were conducted using SAS. Among 669 theses, pharmacy/pharmacist accounted for 24.8%, followed by drug misuse with 16.9%, and pharmaceuticals industry related theses with 16.6%. Graduate school of pharmacy was responsible for a share of 27.2%, suggesting that approximately a quarter of the entire social pharmacy related theses are studies at the school of pharmacy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1998

This study intended to investigate the pediatric drug dispensing practice at hospital pharmacies in order to provide the children with proper pharmaceutical care services. According to the study results, the most significant problem in dispensing pediatric drugs was that only a few pediatric drugs were supplied by the pharmaceutical companies in Korea. It was found that pediatric drugs like rifampicin, phenobarbital and theophylline should be produced in the form of syrup or powder, for the children to swallow drugs with ease. The study results also showed that only $35.5\%$ of the hospital pharmacists reviewed all the prescriptions issued by doctors. In most cases $(65.3\%)$ drug information was only provided when the patients asked to the pharmacists. The lack of working time and clinical information on the patients were found as major barriers. Thus in order to provide better pharmaceutical care services for the children, not only the pharmaceutical companies should pay attention to the production of pediatric drugs, but pharmacists should make every efforts on playing patient-oriented roles.