• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.49-74
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• 2017

Drawing on the organizational learning theory, we argue that international patenting allows firms to assess the potential value of their innovation in host countries and find out latent local competitors. The information obtained from international patenting enables firms to make refined innovations that facilitate export performance. However, structural inertia and old knowledge can impede learning from international patenting. Thus, we expect larger firms and older firms to display greater reluctance to use the knowledge obtained from international patenting. Our empirical analysis of Korean pharmaceutical companies from 1998 to 2010 shows that international patent application increases export intensity but firm size and age weaken the positive effect of international patenting on export performance.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2010

In Schumpeterian competition, superior profit arises from successful innovation created by firm's R&D strategy. Such R&D strategy diverges as time passes. This study examines empirically the effects of diverged forms of R&D strategy such as technological assets, technological diversity, and technological similarity on firm performance in Korean pharmaceutical industry. With the financial and patent data of 96 firms for 14 years from 1994 to 2007, we measured variables. And then we performed panel analysis with 3 years lag between dependent variable and other variables. The result shows that firm performance increases as technological asset and technological diversification increase. But technological similarity positively affects on firm performance in opposition to our hypothesis. We interpret and discuss these results and highlight the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.25-41
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• 2010

Customer participation is a strategic tool to facilitate the process of developing new products. This study distinguishes between two types of customer participation - customer codevelopment and contract development, and examines the benefits of customer codevelopment relative to contract development for firm value through an event study. The analysis of customer participation announcements in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries shows that the benefits of customer codevelopment relative to contract development on firm value are contingent upon firm- and relationship- level factors. Specifically, this study finds that the announcement of customer codveloplment contributes better to abnormal stock returns of a firm when the firm has a higher level of R&D relationship experience or when the customer codevelpment is complemented by formal contract terms, such as equity investment. The findings of this study provide important theoretical and managerial implications by revealing the boundary conditions for the benefits of customer codevelopment relative to contract development.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2010

Firm’s social network has been known as an important firm strategy because it could promote technological innovation and also minimize economic uncertainty. In this study, we identify four types of firm’s social network activities such as Collaboration, Manufacturing/Marketing/Distribution Agreements, Financing, and M&A, and analyze how these activities affect firm performance using U.S biotechnology firm data. We found that Manufacturing/Marketing/Distribution Agreements increased firm performance in short-run. Also, collaboration with pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms had a positive effect on firm performance, too. However, collaboration with public institutes or universities had a negative effect on firm performance in short run, which implies its collaboration would be mainly focused on research in pure science area. These empirical results provide two policy implications. First, social network strategy should be encouraged in the Korean biotechnology industry. Secondly, governments should consider developing polices that support collaboration of biotechnology with public institutes or universities, to promote technological innovation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1982

Thank you for inviting me as a guest speaker to this 30th anniversary of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea. I take it as a compliment to may firm F. Hoffmann-La Roche and Co., Which, has not only dicovered and introduced the benzodiazepines, but has since then been continually in the fore-front of this research. As may subject is going to be "Current Trends in Benzodiazepine Research" I will try to have a look into pending problems. The history of the benzodiazepines has been told several times (e. g. Sternbach, Haefely).

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2015

Background & Methods: The purpose of this research is to estimate the efficiency of the pharmaceutical firms and the determinants of their efficiency. Stochastic frontier analysis(SFA) and panel study are applied to the data of 60 domestic pharmaceutical firms from 2006 to 2012. Results & Conclusion: First, the result of the stochastic frontier analysis shows that overall efficiency of the pharmaceutical firms is increasing as time goes by. However, if firms are classified by the scale, the larger firms show more efficiency and if classified by the degree of innovativeness, the innovative firms show more efficiency compared to the non-innovative firms. This evidences show that the scale and R&D investment have significant relationships with the efficiency of the pharmaceutical firms. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the national level of investment for the fundamental researches to vitalize R&D of the new drugs. Second, the result of estimation of the determinants of efficiency shows that the firms with larger sales promotion expenses and entertainment expenses have less efficiency compared to the other firms. This can be explained by the structural characteristics of the small generic pharmaceutical firms. Therefore, the government had better make the pharmaceutical firms to reduce sales promotion and entertainment expenses and increase R&D expenses by introducing systems such as global budgeting system on medicine or reference pricing system.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.375-379
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• 2011

Control Banding (CB) strategies to prevent work-related illness and injury for 2.5 billion workers without access to health and safety professionals has grown exponentially this last decade. CB originates from the pharmaceutical industry to control active pharmaceutical ingredients without a complete toxicological basis and therefore no occupational exposure limits. CB applications have broadened into chemicals in general - including new emerging risks like nanomaterials and recently into ergonomics and injury prevention. CB is an action-oriented qualitative risk assessment strategy offering solutions and control measures to users through "toolkits". Chemical CB toolkits are user-friendly approaches used to achieve workplace controls in the absence of firm toxicological and quantitative exposure information. The model (technical) validation of these toolkits is well described, however firm operational analyses (implementation aspects) are lacking. Consequentially, it is often not known if toolkit use leads to successful interventions at individual workplaces. This might lead to virtual safe workplaces without knowing if workers are truly protected. Upcoming international strategies from the World Health Organization Collaborating Centers request assistance in developing and evaluating action-oriented procedures for workplace risk assessment and control. It is expected that to fulfill this strategy's goals, CB approaches will continue its important growth in protecting workers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.317-326
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• 2021

This study examines factors influencing the corporate identity (CI) of pharmacy retail stores (PRSs) in Thailand as a means to construct a unique corporate identity to represent their strengths and image abroad. An exploratory sequential design was applied. A pilot study involving interviews with four pharmacists was conducted to obtain the variables, and then a questionnaire was designed and administered to 392 respondents. The collected data was analyzed to examine correlations via descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression (MLR). The results show that wisdom and pharmaceutical care explain 44% of the variance in defining Thai PRSs identity. There is a 61% chance that Thai PRSs should consider wisdom as the most important factor. These findings provide useful insights for pharmacists, pharmaceutical entrepreneurs, and owners of PRSs to enhance competitiveness by devising strategies to create their corporate identity. For the qualitative analysis, Thai PRSs should encourage pharmacists to gain real working experience to develop their wisdom, experience, and skills. Besides, PRSs that build identities as knowledgeable, sincere, and compassionate health providers can successfully expand their operations to other ASEAN countries, as end-consumers will be confident in the reliability of their services.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.109-121
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• 2022

The study empirically examines the horizontal spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the productivity of Indian pharmaceutical firms. Robust least squares and the Generalized Method of Moments estimators are applied for the firm-level panel data of Indian pharmaceutical companies whose shares were traded on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The information was collected from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) Prowess database from 2015 to 2019. Based on the regularity in data availability, the sample firms are limited to 112 companies, 100 of which are domestic firms and 12 international firms. Firms with more than 10 percent foreign equity are classified as FDI firms, while those with less than that are classified as domestic firms. Estimation results show that foreign ownership does not contribute to the productivity of domestic firms. Due to increased competition, the Indian pharmaceutical companies with foreign equity participation are not more productive than local ones. Moreover, the findings reveal a negative and insignificant horizontal spillover effect from FDI on the productivity of domestic enterprises. The absence of horizontal spillovers may be attributable to foreign enterprises' ability to prevent technological outflow to competitors in the same industry.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.109-132
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• 2001

The purpose of this article is to develop a dynamic model of organizational capabilities and knowledge creation, and at the same time identify the organizational capability factors for effective knowledge creation, by empirically analyzing the history of new Quinolone antibacterial drug compound (LB20304a) discovery process at LG, as a case in point. Major findings of this study are as follows. First, in a science-based area such as drug development, the core of successful knowledge creation lies in creative combination of different bodies of scientific explicit knowledge. Second, the greater the difficulty of learning external knowledge, the more tacit knowledge is needed for the recipient firm to effectively exploit that knowledge. Third, in science-based sector such as pharmaceutical industry, the key for successful knowledge creation lies in the capability of recruiting and retaining star scientists. Finally, for effective knowledge creation, a firm must keep its balance among three dimensions of organizational capabilities: local, process, architectural capabilities.