• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2004

1,2-benzopyrone has been shown to affect on the activation and stimulation of macrophage. To examine the immunostimulating effect of 1,2-benzopyrone on the phagocytic response of canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), the phagocytic activity of phagocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry system using FITC-labelled latex. The 1,2-benzopyrone did not show any direct effect on phagocytic response of PBMC and PMN. But it showed an enhanced effect on the phagocytic response of monocyte-rich cells fractioned by cell size from dot plot profile in flowcytometric cytography of PBMC. The phagocytic activity of these cells was also enhanced by addition of culture supernatant from PBMC treated with 1,2-benzopyrone. Similarly, the phagocytic activity of PMN but not PBMC in the same procedures was enhanced by culture supernatant from PBMC treated with 1,2-benzopyrone. However, the culture supernatant from PMN treated with 1.2-benzopyrone did not show the enhancing effect on phagocytic activity for monocyte-rich cells and PMN. These results, therefore, suggested that enhanced phagocytic activity of canine peripheral blood PMN and monocytes may be mainly mediated by humoral factor(S) released from PBMC treated with 1,2-benzopyrone.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 1999

The immunostimulating effects of egg white derivatives (EWD) on the phagocytic response of feline peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) as well as mono- nuclear cells (MNC) were examined. The phagocytic activity was analyzed by a flow cytometry system. The EWD showed directly an enhanced effect on the phagocytic response of MNC but not PMN. The phagocytic activity of MNC was enhanced by culture supernatant from MNC and PMN treated with EWD, respectively. Similarly, the phagocytic activity of PMN was enhanced by culture supernatant from MNC but not PMN treated with EWD. It was, therefore, indicated that the enhanced phagocytic activity of feline PMN could be mainly mediated by humoral factor(s) released from MNC treated with EWD. These results suggested that EWD could enhance the phagocytosis of feline peripheral blood phagocytes.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.236-242
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• 2004

1,2-benzopyrone can stimulate macrophages to increase the ability of phagocytosis. Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and macrophages destroy microbial organisms with reactive oxygen species (ROS), called oxidative burst activity (OBA). This study was undertaken to determine whether 1,2-benzopyrone affects the OBA on the phagocytic response of canine peripheral blood phagocytes. The OBA of phagocytes in the addition or absence of latex beads was analyzed by flow cytometry system using dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR). The direct treatments of 1,2-benzopyrone have no effect on the OBA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), PMN and monocyte-rich cells regardless of addition of latex beads. When latex beads are added to PMN, the OBA of PMN was remarkably enhanced by culture supernatant from PBMC but not PMN treated with 1,2-benzopyrone. Similary, it was also enhanced by human recombinant (hr) $TNF-\alpha.$ However, when latex beads were not added to PMN, its OBA was not enhanced by culture supernatant from either PBMC or PMN treated with 1,2-benzopyrone. The OBA of latex beads-phagocytized PBMC and monocyte-rich cells was not enhanced by culture supernatant from either PBMC or PMN treated with 1,2-benzopyrone. These results strongly suggested that 1,2-benzopyrone has an immunoenhancing effect on the OBA of PMN when phagocytic response occurred only. This enhanced OBA may be mediated through active humoral substance(s), such as $TNF-\alpha,$ produced by PBMC stimulated with 1,2-benzopyrone.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 1999

Okbyungpoongsan(OBPS) has long been known to have anti-allergic effect. In order to evaluate the influence on innate and specific immune response, the effects of OBPS on vascular permeability. hypersensitivities and phagocytic functions were measured. As the results, OBPS increased phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo. But OBPS depressed formation of reactive oxygen intermediates(ROI) in vitro and in vivo, while the drug enhanced generation macrophages. Foot pad swelling in the mouse and contact hypersensitivity against dinitroflouorobenzene were decreased. OBPS had no effect on NK cells. But OBPS decreased vascular permeability induced by histamine without statistical significance. These results demonstrate that OBPS suppresses hypersensitivity reactions without affecting phagocytic functions and formation of ROI from macrophages. It also means that OBPS acts as a effective inducer to synthesis of nitric oxide which is effective for the infectious disease while it does damage to tissue less as it suppresses ROI, So we can conclude that OBPS could be used for the treatment of the disease related with immune function.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1999

The aim of this study is to determine the phagocytosis-promoting factor(s) for feline peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) by culture supernatant from mono-nuclear cells (MNC) treated with egg white derivatives (EWD). The phagocytic activity of PMN was analyzed by a flow cytometry system. The EWD did not show direct effect on the phagocytic response of PMN. The phagocytic activity of PMN was enhanced by culture supernatant from MNC but not PMN treated with EWD. Therefore, it was suggested that the enhanced phagocytic activity of feline PMN could be mediated by humoral factor(s) released from MNC treated with EWD. Thus, the phagocytosis-promoting factor(s) in supernatant fraction from MNC culture treated with EWD were isolated by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The resulting supernatant fraction on 29.02 minutes of retention time showed high phagocytic activity of PMN. The molecular weight of this supernatant fraction was 16 to 18 kDa when analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was pH 5.76 when assessed by ion-exchange chromatography. These results suggest that EWD stimulates feline MNC to elaborate a phagocytosis-promoting factor, 16 to 18 kDa of molecular weight, which could be an important mediator for the enhancement of phagocytic activity of feline peripheral blood phagocytes. Further study will be needed to elucidate this phagocytic factor.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1998

The effects of CRP purified from human ascites fluid on phagocytic activity of the human macrophage were investigated. CRP was purified using affinity chromatography including absorption on p-diazonium phosphocholine or C-polysaccharide coupled sepharose 4B and gel filtration on hydroxylapatite column chromatography. Macrophage was separated ficoll hypaque gradient density and absorption method, and then was confirmed phagocytic uptake test using latex method. CRP was able either to inhibit or to enhance phagocytic activity of human macrophage against bacteria in vitro. The effects of CRP on phagocytic activity of human macrophage were in time and dose-dependent manners. The additional sequence of reaction mixture against bacteria in vitro shows a threshold stimulus on the activation of phagocytic response upon the CRP.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.172-178
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• 2004

To investigated the effects of Kwibi-tang water extract (KBT) on the non-specific immune response in C57BL/6 mice stressed by immobilization, we evaluated the changes in the contents of serum histamine and corticosterone and the phagocytic activity of macrophages. The level of serum histamine and corticosterone was determined with spectrofluorometer. The cell viability was determined by a MTT assay method. The subpolpulation of lymphocytes was determined by a flow cytometry. The phagocytic activity was determined with luminometer. KBT decreased the serum level of histamine and corticosterone increased by immobilization stress. Also, KBT enhanced the phagocytic activity and decreased the level of nitric oxde in murine peritoneal macrophages decreased by immobilization stress. These results indicate that KBT may be useful for the prevention and treatment of stress via suppression of serum histamine and corticosterone level and enhancement of the non-specific immune response.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 1998

Effects of swainsonine (SW: 8${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$-indolizidine-1alpha, 2${\alpha}$, 8${\beta}$-triol from Locoweed) on the cellular and nonspecific immune responses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) wer e studied in ICR mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups (10mice/group), and LPS was given to each mouse 1 hr after i.p. injection with 3.7mg/kg of SW by i.p. injection twice a week for 14 days at a dose of 2mg/kg. Immune responses of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response (DTH) to sheep red blood cells (s-RBC), phagocytic activity and natural killer (NK) cell activity were evaluated. LPS treatment didn`t affect NK cell activity, phagocytic activity, DTH to s-RBC compared with those in controls, and phagocytic activity of sareoma 180 tumor bearing mice. However, circulating leukocytes were significantly decreased. Combinaton of LPS and SW increased circulating leukocytes significantly compared vath that in LPS alone, and DTH to s-RBC, NK cell activity and phagocytic activities of normal and sarcoma tumor bearing mice were not affected. These findings indicate that SW didn`t affected the cellular immune responses suppressed by LPS but significantly increased circulating leukocytes.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.221-246
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Kamikwiryongtang (KKT) on the immune response and growth in a young mouse (3 weeks mice). Methods The viability of thymocytes and splenocytes in vivo and in vitro system, the population of helper T (Th) cells and cytotoxic T (Tc) cells in thymocytes and increased the population of T-lymphocytes and the population of Th cells in splenocytes, the production of ${\gamma}$ -interferon, interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 in splenocytes was investigated. KKT (500mg/kg) was administerd p.o. once a day for 7 days. Results: KKT increased the viability of thymocytes and splenocytes in vivo, but did not affect the viability of thymocytes and enhanced the viability of splenocytes in vitro system. In addition, KKT did not affect the population of helper T (Th) cells and cytotoxic T (Tc) cells in thymocytes and increased the population of T -lymphocytes and the population of Th cells in splenocytes. Also, KKT increased the production of ${\gamma}$-interferon, interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 in splenocytes. Furthermore, KKT increased the production of nitric oxide in vivo, but did not affect the production of nitric oxide in vitro system. KKT enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in vivo, but decreased the phagocytic activity in vitro system: KKT increased the body weight of a young mouse. Conclusions: KKT stimulates the specific immune response via increase of, the viability of thymocytes and splenocytes and the non-specific immune response via increase of phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and stimulates the growth of a young mouse.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 1995

Seungmagalgeuntang-gamibang has long been known to have anti-allergic effect. However, the mechanism of action of Seungmagalgeuntang-gamibang is not well investigated. The author analysed the effects of Seungmagalgeuntang-gamibang on the vascular permeability, delayed-type and contact hypersensitivities, and phagocytic function, the results obtained are as follows: 1. Administration of Seungmagalgeungtang-gamibang decreased the vascular permeability induced by serotonin in the mouse. 2. Administration of Seungmagalgeuntang-gamibang decreased the vascular permeability induced by histamine without statistical significant. 3. Administration of Seungmagalgeuntang-gamibang decreased the delayed-type hypersensitivity induced by sheep red blood cells. 4. Administration of Seungmagalgeungtang-gamibang decreased the contact hypersensitivity induced by dinitrochlorobenzene. 5. Seungmagalgeungtang-gamibang increased the phagocytic-activities of macrophages in vitro and in vivo. 6. Seungmagalgeungtang-gamibang enhanced the formation of reactive oxygen intermediates in vitro and in vivo. The above results demonstrate that Seungmagalgeuntang-gamibang suppresses the hypersensitivity reactions with increasing the phagocytic functions and formations of reactive oxygen intermediates from macrophages.