• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2020

Petroleum is the most used energy source in Korea with a usage rate of 39.5% among the available 1st energy source. The price of liquid petroleum products in Korea includes a lot of tax such as transportation·environment·energy tax. Thus, illegal production and distribution of liquid petroleum is widespread because of its huge price difference, including its tax-free nature, from that of the normal product. Generally, illegal petroleum product is produced by illegally mixing liquid petroleum with other similar petroleum alternatives. In such case, it is easy to distinguish whether the product is illegal by analyzing its physical properties and typical components. However, if one the components of original petroleum product is added to illegal petroleum, distinguishing between the two petroleum products will be difficult. In this research, we inspect illegally produced gasoline, which is mixed with methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) as an octane booster. This illegal gasoline shows a high octane number and oxygen content. Further, we analyze the different types of green dyes used in illegal gasoline through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We conduct component analyses on the simulated sample obtained from premium gasoline and MTBE. Finally, the illegal gasoline is defined as premium gasoline with 10% MTBE. The findings of this study suggest that illegal petroleum can be identified through an analytic method of components and simulated samples.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.397-403
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• 2006

Compositional characteristics and origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), which should be strongly regulated for environmental protection in the crude oils and petroleum products, have been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS). In the crude oils analyzed, two-rings compound(naphthalene) of PAHs was detected around $72.3\sim93.5%$, but five- or six-rings compound of PAHs was not detected. In the crude oils analyzed, the molecular ratio indices of Phe/Ant(phenanthrene/anthracene)>15, Fla/Pyr(fluoranthene/pyrene)<1, BaA/Chr(benzo (a)anthracene/chrysene)$\leq0.4$ could be effectively applied, and we found that the origin of PAHs was petrogenic sources. Total PAHs concentrations in the crude oils were increased with increasing API gravity and with decreasing sulfur contents of the analyzed crude oils. Five- or six-rings compound of PAHs were not included in ail petroleum products except bunker-C. Furthermore, the molecular ratio indices of Phe/Ant(phenanthrene/anthracene) vs. Fla/Pyr(fluoranthene/pyrene) could be effectively applied as the standard for the PAHs contamination criterion at the other Korean areas.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.302-310
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• 2002

Demand for organic analysis increase as industries are growing and many products are spreaded in the daily life. One of many products is oil spill dispersant. It was used for oil accident in the ocean. When oil spill dispersant spread at the ocean, the petroleum in the ocean is dispersed. The oil spill dispersant is made of non ionic surfactant and petroleum oil. The non ionic surfactant disperse petroleum from oil accident. The other part is petroleum oil which has aromatic hydrocarbon. Because the aromatic hydrocarbon is cancerogenic material, it directly injure animals in the ocean. This cause the second pollution in the human body. Many oil accidents still are controlled by oil spill dispersant. Therefore quality control of the oil spill dispersant become important and this also demand for the exact quantitative analysis of aromatic hydrocarbon. Hereupon the first we develop separate petroleum oil from surfactant. The second standardize analytical method of aromatic hydrocarbon in the separated petroleum oil.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1085-1093
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• 2017

가소제는 딱딱한 특성을 지닌 플라스틱에 유연성 및 탄성을 주어 제품으로서의 부드러운 특성을 갖출 수 있도록 첨가되는 물질로서, 주로 고분자 물질에 첨가되어 유연성을 부여함으로써 가공성을 개선하고, 내한성, 내휘발성, 전기적 특성을 강화할 목적으로 이용되고 있다. 대부분의 가소제는 비활성 액체로서 용매의 기능과 유사한 역할을 하지만 분자량이 크고 휘발성이 없다. 또한, 석유화학제품에 용해되어 있는 경우, 다른 화합물과의 중첩효과(matrix effect)에 의해 가소제만을 분리하여 정성 및 정량분석하기에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 석유화학제품에서 검출될 수 있는 가소제의 대표적 성분인 DOA와 DOP에 대해 MD-GC/MS를 활용하여 정성 및 정량분석을 실시하여 최적의 가소제 분석 방법을 개발하고자 하였다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.121-145
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 휘발유, 경유, 항공유를 대상으로 벡터 오차수정모형을 이용하여 원유가와 각 지역 석유제품가격의 상호 인과관계 여부와 지역 간 제품가격의 선행-후행 관계를 확인하였다. 그리고 이를 글로벌 석유 시장의 수급과 교역 흐름, 경쟁 강도와 연결해 해석하였다. 주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 원유가는 각 지역 휘발유, 경유, 항공유와의 장기 관계에서 약외생성을 보인 반면, 단기 관계에서는 원유가 역시 제품가격에 영향을 받는다는 사실을 확인하였다. 둘째, 유럽 경유 및 항공유 시장과 같이 다른 지역으로부터의 수입에 크게 의존하는 경우, 다른 지역 석유제품과의 장기 관계에서 약외생성을 보인다. 셋째, 글로벌 시장에서 차지하는 수요 비중이 큰 지역일수록 시장에 미치는 영향력이 커지면서 다른 지역 제품가격과의 관계에서 약외생성을 나타낼 가능성이 크다. 그러나 경유, 항공유 시장에서와 같이 수요 비중이 높은 지역이라도 역내 산업집중도가 낮아 경쟁 강도가 세고, 과잉 생산 해소를 위해 다른 지역으로의 수출에 크게 의존할 경우 가격 선도력이 떨어지면서 약외생성이 사라진다. 지역 간 석유제품가격 관계에 대한 본 연구 결과는 석유정제 기업과 상품 트레이딩 기업의 글로벌 석유시장에 대한 이해도를 높여, 관심 대상 지역의 석유제품가격 변화 예측 및 지역별 자산 포트폴리오 구축에 중요한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.255-257
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• 2014

The installation of light oil facilities or delayed cokers seems to be inevitable in the oil refinery industry due to the heavy crude oil reserves and the increased use of light fuels as petroleum products. Petroleum coke is a byproduct of oil refineries and it has higher fixed carbon content, higher calorific value, and lower ash content than coal. However, its sulfur content and heavy metal content are higher than coal. In spite of disadvantages, petroleum coke might be one of promising resources due to gasification processes. The gasification of petroleum coke can improve economic value of oil refinery industries by handling cheap, toxic wastes in an environment-friendly way. In this study, $CO_2$ gasification reaction kinetics of petroleum coke, various coals and mixing coal with petroleum coke have investigated and been compared by using TGA. The kinetics of $CO_2$ gasification has been performed with petroleum coke, 3 kinds of bituminous coal [BENGALLA, White Haven, TALDINSKY], and 3 kinds of sub-bituminous coal [KPU, LG, MSJ] at various temperature[$1100-1400^{\circ}C$].

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.892-898
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 자원내 포함된 역청의 경질화 과정에서 배출 및 회수되는 가스상 물질 및 고체상 물질을 활용하기 위한 기초 성상이 조사되었다. 이를 위하여 열분해 온도 별 역청성 오일의 전환에 대한 열분해반응 기초특성이 조사되었다. 또한 실험실 규모의 고정층 반응기를 이용하여 반응온도에 따른 가스 및 고체상 분산물의 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 $550^{\circ}C$에서 약 17%의 오일 수율을 얻었으며, 부산물로는 $CH_4$, $CaCO_3$ 및 CaO를 회수할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2014

Traditional investigation procedures of soil and groundwater contamination are followed by soil gas sampling, soil sampling, groundwater sampling, establishment of monitoring wells, and groundwater monitoring. It often takes several weeks to obtain the analysis reports, and sometimes, it needs supplemental sampling and analysis to delineate the polluted area. Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) system is designed for the detection of free-phase petroleum pollutants, and it is suitable for on-site real-time site investigation when coupling with a direct push testing tool. Petroleum products always contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds possessing fluorescence characteristics that make them detectable through LIF detection. In this study, LIF spectroscopy of 5 major fuel products was conducted to establish the databank of LIF fluorescence characteristic spectra, including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, marine fuel and low-sulfur fuel. Multivariate statistical tools were also applied to distinguish LIF fluorescence characteristic spectra among the mixtures of selected fuel products. This study successfully demonstrated the feasibility of identifying fuel species based on LIF characteristic fluorescence spectra, also LIF seemed to be uncovered its powerful ability of tracing underground petroleum leakages.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.184-188
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• 2012

Alcohol components are illegally mixed with petroleum products for tax evasion purposes, but this degrades vehicle performance. The alcohol content in petroleum fuel can be analyzed by gas chromatography. However, this technique requires a long analysis time and is expensive. $CrO_3$, also known as Jones reagent, changes color upon reaction with an alcohol. In this study, therefore, we analyze alcohol contents in vehicle fuel by using $CrO_3$ aqueous solution.

• Carbon letters
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.171-182
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• 2015

Mesophase pitch is an important starting material for making a wide spectrum of industrial and advanced carbon products. It is produced by pyrolysis of petroleum residues. In this work, mesophase formation behavior in petroleum residues was studied to prepare environmentally-benign mesophase pitches, and the composition of petroleum residues and its influence on the mesophase formation was investigated. Two petroleum residues, i.e., clarified oil s (CLO-1, CLO-2) obtained from fluid catalytic cracking units of different Indian petroleum refineries, were taken as feed stocks. A third petroleum residue, aromatic extract (AE), was produced by extraction of one of the CLO-1 by using N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent. These petroleum residues were thermally treated at 380℃ to examine their mesophase formation behavior. Mesophase pitches produced as a result of thermal treatment were characterized physico-chemically, as well as by instrumental techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry. Thermal treatment of these petroleum residues led to formation of a liquid-crystalline phase (mesophase). The mesophase formation behavior in the petroleum residues was analyzed by optical microscopy. Mesophase pitch prepared from CLO-2 exhibited the highest mesophase content (53 vol%) as compared to other mesophase pitches prepared from CLO-1 and AE.