• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.321-327
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• 2012

Paraffin bio-based hydrotreated biodiesel(HBD) is originated from vegetable oil(the process can also be applied to animal fat) with the the chemical structure $C_nH_{2n+2}$. In the number of process of the oil or fat, the hydrogenation is significantly important to create a bio-based diesel fuel. This study is focused on lubricity characteristics of BTL diesel blends to use alternative diesel fuel in Korea. The BTL diesel are blended the different volume ratios (HBD 5(5 vol.% HBD - 95 vol.% diesel), HBD 10, HBD 20, HBD 30, HBD 40 and HBD 50. HBD with paraffin compounds showed a very high centane number, low sulfur content and free aromatic compound. Especially, the wear scar of HBD showed poor lubricity compared to automotive diesel due to the fuel composition, low sulfur content and free aromatic compound. Also, the lubricity specification of automotive diesel with different six HBD blends is within the limit by the Korean standards. Finally, HBD as an alternative diesel fuel is challengeable in transportation sector of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.431-443
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• 2013

Sulfur content of diesel fuel has been cut down to under 10 ppm ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) level by environmental regulation with the aim of reducing exhaust emissions. This review discusses the methods and principles of sulfur reduction in diesel and presents an overview of new approaches for ultra-deep desulfurization. The deep HDS (hydrodesulfurization) problems of diesel streams is exacerbated by the inhibiting effect of co-existing aromatics, nitrogen compounds and $H_2S$. The new approaches to deep desulfurization includes non-HDS type processing schemes such as adsorptive, extractive and oxidative desulfurization.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2017

Engine oil is a substance used for the lubrication of internal combustion systems. However, in some case, defects in engine systems may contaminate engine oil with fuel. Contaminated engine oil can cause problems in the normal functioning of a vehicle. In this study, we investigate the functional properties of engine oil contaminated with diesel fuel. The test results indicate that the engine oil contaminated with diesel fuel has low flash point, pour point, density, kinematic viscosity and cold cranking simulator value. The contaminated engine oil which has low plash point can cause fire and explosion accident. Furthermore, a four ball test indicates that the contaminated engine oil increases wear scar to poor lubricity. Moreover, we investigate the GC pattern using SIMDIST (simulated distillation) for determination of diesel in engine oil. The SIMDIST analytic result, diesel was detected at earlier retention time than engine oil in chromatogram. Thus the SIMDIST method can define whether engine oil is contaminated by diesel fuel or not. We can use the SIMDIST method for the diagnosis of oil condition instead of analyzing other physical properties that require many analytic instruments, large volume of oil sample and long analysis time.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.13-20
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develope the remediation method of contaminated soils with metals and petroleum. The diesel degrading strain was isolated and identified from the soil contaminated by petroleum at industrial sites. Diesel biodegradation experiment was performed by diesel degrading bacteria in both solution and soil slurry. Contaminated soils by Zn or As and diesel were treated consecutively by steam-vapor extraction, biodegradation, and acid washing. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and named as Pseudomonas aeruginosa TPH1. The optimal culture conditions of TPH1 were $20^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0, 3% of diesel concentration. Biodegradation of diesel was performed using the separated strain in liquid medium, and 63% of diesel was degraded in 72 hours. And 52% of diesel was removed in the tested soils. In the treatment of contaminated soils with diesel and Zn or As, 29% ~ 44% of diesel was reduced by steamvapor extraction, 60% ~ 71% of diesel was removed after biodegradation. 47% of Zn and 96% of As were removed after acid(mixture of sulfuric and oxalic acids) washing. It is recommended that consecutive treatment method of steam-vapor extraction, biodegradation and acid washing is effective for remediation of complex contaminated soils with metals and petroleum.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.385-390
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• 2020

It rains heavily, such as long rain and typhoons, during a typical rainy season in Korea. In this season, several fuel contamination accidents by water and vehicular problems caused by water contaminated fuel occur. Many research groups have studied the effects of water contaminated fuel on vehicles and environment. However the characteristics of water contaminated fuel have not been studied. In this study, we prepared diesel samples with a constant ratio of water (0~30 volume %) using an emulsifier. Then, we analyzed these diesel samples for their representative fuel properties. In the analytical results, diesel with 30% water showed an increase in fuel properties such as density (823→883 kg/㎥), kinematic viscosity (2.601→6.345 ㎟/s), flash point (47→56℃), pour point (-22→2℃), CFPP (cold filter plugging point) (-17→20℃) and copper corrosion number (1a→2a). The low temperature characteristics, such as low pour point and CFPP, blocks the fuel filter in the cold season. In addition, water contaminated diesel decreases lubricity (190→410 ㎛) under high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) and derived cetane number (54.81→34.25). The low lubricity of fuel causes vehicle problem such as pump and injector damage owing to severe friction. In addition, the low cetane diesel fuel increases exhaust gases such as NOx and particulate matters (PM) owing to incomplete combustion. This study can be used to identify the problems caused by water contamination to vehicle and fuel facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.549-561
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• 2014

According to reports in EU and USA, Aromatic ingredient in diesel estimated the causative agent of air pollution. Because reduction of total aromatic and Poly-aromatic compound content are decreasing environmentally harmful emissions HC, NOx, PM. It is necessary to investigate correlationship between automotive technology and fuel quality in Korea. This study examines emission effect of two representative domestic vehicles(2.2 L for emission of Euro 4, 5) and five kinds of domestic diesel fuel (total aromatic compound content 26, 28, 30 wt% and poly-aromatic compound content 3, 5 wt%). Finally, Environmental impact assessment was studied between vehicle and diesel fuel.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.190-198
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• 2018

The petroleum industry is an important part of the world economy. However, the massive exposure of petroleum in nature is a major cause of environmental pollution. Therefore, the microbial mediated biodegradation of petroleum residues is an emerging scientific approach used to resolve these problem. Through the screening of diesel contaminated soil we isolated a rapid phenanthrene and a diesel degrading bacterium identified as Enterobacter cancerogenus DA1 strain through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The strain was registered in NCBI with an accession number MG270576. The optimal growth condition of the DA1 strain was determined at pH 8 and $35^{\circ}C$, and the highest degradation rate of the diesel was achieved at this condition. At the optimal condition, growth of the strain on the medium containing 0.05% phenanthrene and 0.1% of diesel-fuel was highest at 45 h and 60 h respectively after the incubation period. Biofilm formation was found significantly higher at $35^{\circ}C$ as compared to $30^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$. Likewise, the lipase activity was found significantly higher at 48 h after the incubation compared to 24 h and 72 h. These results suggest that the Enterobacter cancerogenus DA1 could be an efficient candidate, for application through ecofriendly scientific approach, for the biodegradation of petroleum products like diesel.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2017

Over 30% of domestic soil contamination has occurred via petroleum products and complex oil. Moreover, contamination by complex oil is more intense than it is by a single petroleum product species. In this study, we analyzed sectional TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) pattern and sectional ratio of current domestically distributed petroleum products, such as kerosene, diesel, bunker C, and lubricant and complex oils, to determine pollution characteristics of the soil. In the TPH pattern, kerosene, which is a light distillate, had an early retention time, and lubricant oil, which is a heavy distillate, had a late retention time in the gas chromatogram. In addition, we obtained a complexly contaminated soil via diesel and lubricant oil from the Navy and inspected it for its ratio of complex oil species. The inspection results showed that this soil was contaminated with 85% diesel and 15% lubricant oil. The method developed in this study could be used to determine complex petroleum sources and ratios at sites with accidentally contaminated soil.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.450-458
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• 2012

In order to reduce the effects of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the South Korean government has announced a special platform of technologies as part of an effort to minimize global climate change. To further this effort, the Korean government has pledged to increase low-carbon and carbon neutral resources for biofuel derived from biomass to replace fossil and to decrease levels of carbon dioxide. In general, second generation biofuel produced form woody biomass is expected to be an effective avenue for reducing fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in road transport. It is important that under the new Korean initiative, pilot scale studies evolve practices to produce biomass-to-liquid (BTL) fuel. This study reports the quality characteristics of F-T(Fischer-Tropsch) diesel for production of BTL fuel. Synthetic F-Tdiesel fuel can be used in automotive diesel engines, pure or blended with automotive diesel, due to its similar physical properties to diesel. F-T diesel fuel was synthesized by Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) process with syngas($H_2$/CO), Fe basedcatalyst in low temperature condition($240^{\circ}C$). Synthetic F-T diesel with diesel compositions after distillation process is consisted of $C_{12}{\sim}C_{23+}$ mixture as a kerosine, diesel compositions of n-paraffin and iso-paraffin compounds. Synthetic F-T diesel investigated a very high cetane number, low aromatic composition and sulfur free level compared to automotive diesel. Synthetic F-T diesel also show The wear scar of synthetic F-T diesel show poor lubricity due to low content of sulfur and aromatic compounds compared to automotive diesel.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.144-153
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• 2015

At low temperature, Wax build-up and settling can affect adversely the cold weather performance of the diesel vehicle. In this study, we test the cold properties of diesel by blending ratio of biodiesel, kerosene and WAFI. Also, we test the cold weather performance for diesel vehicle by fuel cold properties. Cold properties of diesel are improved by adding the WAFI, kerosene and get worse by adding the biodiesel. WAFI is effective to improve a cold filter plugging point(CFPP) and Kerosene is effective to improve a cloud point(CP). CFPP and pour point(PP) are related to cold weather performance of diesel vehicle but CP is unrelated. CFPP indicate a limit temperature of vehicle driving possibility.