• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.74-81
• /
• 2003

The need for insect and mite resistant turfgrass cultivars arose because of problems associated with pesticide use. Representative cultivars and genotypes of 18 warm-season turfgrass [Zoysia japonica Steud., Z. japonica${\times}$Z. metrella hybrids, Z. japonica${\times}$Z. tenuifotia hybrids, Z. matrella (L.) Merr., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., C. dactylon${\times}$C. transvallensis hybrids, Paspalum notatum Flugge., P. vaginatum Swartz., Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze, Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) and Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] and 20 cool-season turfgrasses [Poa pratensis L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., F. rubra L., F. rubra var. commutata Gaud., F. ovina var. duriuscula L. Koch. Agrostis tenuis Sibth., A. palustris Huds., and Latium perenne L.] were evaluated for host resistance to feeding by the Spodoptera depravata (Butler) in the laboratory. Two experiments were set up in the laboratory using 8.5cm diameter${\times}$4.0cm deep plastic petri dishes as larvae feeding chambers. In experiment 1, one neonate larvae were place on the grass in each dish and the dishes were arranged with 5 replicates each within an environmental chamber maintained at $25^{\circ}C$ and 15h light: 9h dark Larval survival and larval weights at 7d and 14d, pupal weights, and days to pupation were compared among turfgrasses. In Experiment 2, 4cm sections of all grasses were oriented equidistant from each other in a pattern resembling the spokes of a wheel. Five one neonate larvae were introduced to the center of each dish. Dishes were immediately placed in an environmental chamber held at $25^{\circ}C$, 15h light: 9h dark Larvae were allowed to feed for 24h. Damage was rated from 0(no damage) to 9(completely consumed) were made for eachturfgrass. Resistance as antibiosis (high mortality, slowed growth, and least preference) was identified in Z. japonica${\times}$Z. tenuifolia hybirids ‘Emerald’, Z. japonica${\times}$Z. metrella hybirds ‘Miyako’ and Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.). Cool-season turfgrasses tested were susceptible to feeding by Spodoptera depravata (Butler).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.1299-1304
• /
• 2014

This paper is a study for developing an agriculture automatic hose reel of mobile robot. One of the important works in farming is pesticide spraying because it is related to the growth of crops. Therefore, we develop an automatic reel hose and mobile robot. Conducting kinematic analysis of steering performance, the mobile robot is designed to move smoothly even in a small space, and that is verified by simulation. To increase supplying accuracy of the automatic hose reel, the mobile robot use detecting tension mechanism on a hose and a device for the hose deployment. We conduct performance and on-farm evaluation. This system has been maximum speed of 2.5m/s, driving accuracy of ${\pm}0.18^{\circ}$ and driving safety speed of 2m/s. The system would solve an aging population and shortage of workforce in agriculture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2017

Drone technology has been used in various fields including personal hobby, pesticide application and shipping etc. However, only few drone technologies are used in restricted fields such as transportation of alimony goods and utilization of video because of the limited utilization aspect of disaster management field. Especially, disaster specialists' the lack of understanding of the drones seems to increase the difficulty of activating drone technology in disaster management. The theme of the thesis aims to share outline of drones' control method and education plan. This project also analysis the reasons why drone has not been used in disaster management with the fact that drone can be a vital part of emergency management. We propose improved application plan to use drone technology and future development direction in disaster management by deriving problems in terms of institutional aspects(regulation and education) and sensor-based application problems camera, thermal camera, infrared sensor, RFID.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.329-341
• /
• 2006

The purposes of the study were to examine food purchasing management practices and to assess dietitians' awareness on food quality standards, use of food purchasing guidelines(food quality guidelines, supplier selection criteria), and organizational collaboration related to purchasing at school food service. A total of 400 dietitians working at elementary schools in Kyunggi Province were surveyed and 247 responses were returned. Excluding responses with significant missing data, 240 responses(60%) were used for data analysis. Compared to the previous reports, competitive bidding and shorter contract periods were preferred for purchasing food supplies. A dietitian, school staff, and food service staff participated in receiving and inspection together at 58.4% of the schools. An average score of the dietitians' awareness on the food quality standards was 3.28 based on a 5-point scale(1:strongly disagree, 5:strongly agree). Their awareness scores for the quality standards related to the genetically modified organism foods, organic foods, and pesticide residues were the lowest. The awareness scores increased significantly with their age(p<.001). In general, the food purchasing guidelines were used well at the schools ; the usage levels of the food quality guidelines and supplier selection criteria were significantly different by length of operation(p<.05) and dietitians' age(p<.05), respectively. The dietitians' perception score of the organizational collaboration related to purchasing was rated 3.46 and differed significantly by dietitians' educational background(p<.05). For improving food procurement management, standardized food quality and purchasing criteria need to be developed. As the demands on high quality food supplies increase for school food service, the dietitians should improve their knowledges on the food quality standards and implement effective and creative purchasing methods.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2000

In order to use Metarhizizmn~ anisopliae as a biological pesticide, effect of envrionmental factors on nlycelial growth, spore formation, and extracellular enzyme activity in culture broth of M. anisopliae DGUM 35001 was determined. Optimal temperature was 26^{\circ}C.$ and optimal pH ranged from 5 to 9. Among the complex media tested, MCM and SDPY media were the most favorable for mycelial growth. When Czapek-Dox agar was used as a mnimal medium, glucose and sucrose among the saccharides were very excellent source of carbohydrate. Among the biopolyners tested. chitin was the most favorable source for mycelial growth and produced high aerial inycelia. Urea and ammonium phosphate as an inorganic nitrogen source and bacto-peptone and soytone as an organic nitrogen source enhanced the mycelial growth When serine as a source of amino acid was supplemented, excellent mycelial growth was shown. Large amount of spores could be obtained from the aerial mycelia of starch medium. When the culture broth was filtrated and then the concentrate with ammonium sulfate was used as a crnde enzyme solution, high enzyme activities of amylase and protease were shown. However, lipase and chitinase activities were comparatively low.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.194-200
• /
• 2006

Recently, the population growth, industrial and agricultural development are rapidly undergoing in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) in Texas. The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) composed of the 4 counties and three of them are interesting for Non-point and point source pollutant modeling: Starr, Cameron, and Hidalgo. Especially, the LRGV is an intensively irrigation region, and Texas A&M University Agriculture Program and the New Mexico State University College of Agriculture applied irrigation district program, projects in GIS and Hydrology based agricultural water management systems and assessment of prioritized protecting stream network, water quality and rehabilitation based on water saving potential in Rio Grande River. In the LRGV region, where point and non-point sources of pollution may be a big concern, because increasing fertilizers and pesticides use and population cause. This project objective seeks to determine the accumulation of non-point and point source and discuss the main impacts of agriculture and environmental concern with water quality related to pesticides, fertilizer, and nutrients within LRGV region. The GIS technique is widely used and developed for the assessment of non-point source pollution in LRGV region. This project shows the losses in $kg/km^2/yr$ of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), TN (total Nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) in the runoff from the surface of LRGV. Especially, farmers in Cameron County consume a lot of fertilizer and pesticide to improve crop yield net profit. Then, this region can be created as larger nonpoint source area for nutrients and the intensity of runoff by excess irrigation water. And many sediment and used irrigation water with including high nutrients can be discharged into Rio Grade River.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to development of hazardous materials management standards for the decoction type of personalized herbal medicines (PHMs). Methods: This study was conducted in two stages. We searched documents about criteria to use words such as 'Herb', 'Herbal medicine', and 'Botanical Drug' and summarized the results. We organized the committee consisted of seven experts, and held two meetings to reach an agreement on hazardous management standards of the decoction type of PHMs. Results: The seven documents were presented in the literature review and six items related to hazardous management standards of decoction were identified. The second expert meeting brought that a total of six items, including heavy metal, pesticide residues, sulfur dioxide, benzopyrene, mycotoxin, and micro-organism limits, were selected for safety management of decoction type of PHMs. Also, the criteria and test methods for each standard were suggested for monitoring the decoction type of PHMs. Conclusion: The study suggested hazardous material management standards and criteria for the decoction types of PHMs. In the future, it would be necessary to conduct a pilot test to ensure the validity and credibility of the safety management standard and criteria. Furthermore, the government level safety management system should be introduced to verify the safety of decoction medicines.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.323-329
• /
• 2011

BACKGROUND: The conazoles, difenoconazole, diniconazole, hexaconazole, penconazole and tetraconazole are a large class of synthetic fungicides used extensively for foliage and seed treatments in agricultural crops. The extensive use of conazoles has brought concerns on the potentiality of environmental contamination and toxicity. Thus studies on the development of methods for monitoring the conazoles are required. METHODS AND RESULTS: A modified quick, easy, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method was involved in sample preparation. Quadrapole time of flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF MS) in electron spray ionization (ESI) mode was employed to determine conazoles in garlic samples. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of conazoles by Q-TOF-MS ranged from 0.001 to 0.002 mg/L and 0.002 to 0.005 mg/L, respectively. Q-TOF-MS analysis exhibited less than 2.6 ppm error of accurate mass measurements for the detection of conazoles spiked at 0.05 mg/L in garlic matrix. Recovery values of conazoles fortified in garlic samples at 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/L were between 79.2 and 106.2% with a maximum 11.8% of standard deviation. No detectable conazoles were found in the domestic market samples by using the Q-TOF-MS method. CONCLUSION(s): High degree of confirmation for conazoles by accurate mass measurements demonstrated that Q-TOF-MS analysis combined with a QuEChERS method may be applicable to simultaneous determination of conazoles in garlic samples.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.92-98
• /
• 2021

BACKGROUND: Unintentional residual pesticide in soil derived from preceding crops and the transfer to succeeding crops was considered a critical barrier for positive list system (PLS). Thus, an uncertain risk is predicted for ethoprophos applied at cultivation of preceding crop (Korean cabbage) to succeeding crop (spinach). METHODS AND RESULTS: Ethoprophos was treated on soil following the recommended dose and 5 times dose according to the safe use guidelines for Korean cabbage after seeding. On the 4 days after harvesting of preceding crop, spinach was sowed. The initial residual amounts of ethoprophos on soil (7.081-19.493 mg/kg) were decreased to 3.832-7.218 mg/kg until the harvest of Korean cabbage, and then finally decreased to 0.011-0.079 mg/kg after spinach cultivation. The uptake rates of ethoprophos from soil by Korean cabbage were 0.01-0.03% and distributed to root (0.150-0.903 mg/kg) and shoot (0.021-0.151 mg/kg), respectively. The residual amounts of uptake and translocation from preceding crop cultivated soil to spinach edible part were found to be below LOQ. CONCLUSION: The plant back internal (PBI) for ethoprophos is not recommended during sequential cultivation of leafy vegetables, since the residual amounts of ethoprophos in spinach were less than MRL (0.02 mg/kg).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2016.10a
• /
• pp.537-539
• /
• 2016

Recently, unmanned technologies interest increased. An unmanned boat is not directly on people and radio can be controlled by boat. Used for military unmanned boat was first developed in the United States Navy. In recent years, for hobby, for pesticide application, for water activities, expanding exploration in various ways, including for use. The role of a variety of unmanned boat above, In the case of a variety of unmanned probe of the role of unmanned boat on the boat people who don't be able to come to the vision of the advantage can not be exploring places like blind spot. In this paper, The Blind Spot are explorations of places such as streaming real-time as possible, an unmanned boat using Raspberry Pi that support implementation. Receiver input signals of an unmanned boat to the transmitter under the manipulation of, using smartphones hotspot feature Raspberry Pi and smartphones, network connection. Via Raspberry Pi motion of using real-time streaming using unmanned boat.