• Title/Summary/Keyword: pesticide use

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Evaluation of Residual Pesticides in Dried Chili Peppers and Chili Powders Using LC-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS를 이용한 유통 건고추와 고춧가루의 잔류농약 평가)

  • Jang, Mi-Ra;Kim, Eun-Hee;Shin, Jae-Min;Park, Young-Hye;Park, Hae-Won;Kim, Jin-Kyoung;Hong, Mi-Sun;Yu, In-Sil;Shin, Young-Seung
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 2021
  • The monitoring of residual pesticides in dried chili peppers and chili powders, which are circulated in Seoul from 2018 to 2019, was conducted for safety evaluation. As a result of analyzing for 71 kinds of pesticide residues in 101 cases of samples, pesticides were detected in 87 samples; however, no samples exceeded the MRLs (Maximum Residue Limits). Detection rates of pesticides in dried chili peppers and chili powders were 73.3% and 91.5%, respectively. The detection rate of residual pesticides in chili powders was a little higher than that in dried chili peppers. Twelve types of pesticides were detected, however, those pesticides were acceptable to use on peppers, according to the Crop Protection Guidelines. The most frequently detected pesticide was pyraclostrobin followed by flubendiamide, azoxystrobin, and chlorantraniliprole. The risk for detected pesticides was estimated as the ratio of ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) to food intake rate. The ADI value resulting by intake of dried chili peppers and chili powders was in the range of 5.66E-05 to 3.34E-02, which was within a safe level.

Necessity and Introduction Plan for Agrochemical Pharmacist System to Strengthen Expertise in Pest Diagnosis and Prescription (병해충 진단 및 처방의 전문성 강화를 위한 식물의약사(식물위생전문가) 제도의 필요성과 도입방안)

  • Jae Su Kim;Deok Ho Kwon;Se Jin Lee;Sueyeon Lee
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.62 no.2
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    • pp.69-78
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    • 2023
  • The currently implemented Positive List System, sales manager training, and pesticide sales record systems focus on the safety of determined pesticide use, but the proposed agrochemical pharmacist (AP) system aims accurate diagnosis and reasonable prescription. In this study, 81% of famers claimed expert assistance for purchasing and applying pesticides, and 42~86% of sales managers insisted on the strengthening expertise in diagnosis and prescription. In the institutionalization of AP, a special implementation guideline is essential to embrace the present sales managers with long experience. Sales managers of commercial and agricultural cooperatives recognize the qualifications of agrochemical pharmacists as a strategy to differentiate themselves from competitors, and increase sales through market positioning of "pesticides prescribed by trustworthy agrochemical pharmacists", not sales managers anymore.

Relationship between the non-spinning syndrome of silkworm, Bombyx mori and pesticides (누에 미화용 증상과 농약 관련성)

  • Park, Kyung-Hun;Kim, Byung-Seok;Park, Yeon-Ki;Lee, Hee-Dong;Jeong, Mi-Hye;You, Are-Sun;Sohn, Bong-Hee;Kang, Pil-Don;Kyung, Kee-Sung
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.238-245
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    • 2007
  • This survey was performed to elucidate whether pesticide can cause the non-spinning syndrome of silkworm, Bombyx mori in Yecheon and Sangju 2002. We primarily focused to Insect Growth Regulator Pesticides(IGR) used in that areas. In the result of the survey to the retail pesticide store at Yecheon and Sangju, seven pesticides of the total 12 IGR pesticides sold were used during spring sericuitural season. 7 pesticides might effect on silkworm in consideration of possibility of exposure according to the characteristics of used amount, spray drift, volatility and treatment time. Five chitin synthesis inhibitor involving diflubenzuron of 7 IGR pesticides were known as very toxic to silkwork after exposure by skin and feeding but no non-spinning syndrome was observed from several papers. Methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide also has used at sericultural season, but are ecdysone agonist. One of the most feasible suspect of non IGR pesticide, was molinate in consideration of its volatility property and wide spread use in the sericultural area. But it's symptom after exposure of molinate was not the same as the non-spinning syndrome broke out at the sericultural farm in Yecheon and Sangju.

Insect natural enemies as bioindicators in rice paddies

  • Ueno, Takatoshi
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.545-553
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    • 2012
  • In Asia, including Japan and Korea, rice paddies occupy the largest cultivated area in agricultural land. Rice paddies provide the habitats for many organisms including endemic species, sustaining high biodiversity. Insect natural enemies inhabiting rice paddies have an important function for rice production as agents of 'ecosystem services' because they play a major role in suppressing rice pests. The diversity and abundance of natural enemies can be a good index reflecting the 'healthiness' of agro-ecosystem services in rice paddies. The present study investigates whether insect natural enemies could be good biological indicators for general arthropod biodiversity and agricultural practice. First, the concept of ideal bio-indicators was summarized. The strategy to explore and select such bio-indicators was then proposed. Lastly, field survey was made to evaluate the abundance and biodiversity of natural enemies in Japanese rice paddies where chemical inputs, i.e., insecticide use, were different. The results showed that reduction of chemical inputs led to an increase in species richness or diversity of natural enemies including parasitoids and predators. Then, the data were analyzed to examine suitable indicator species to assess environmental soundness of agricultural practice and biodiversity in rice paddies. The density of several species of natural enemies did respond both to pesticide use and to general arthropod biodiversity. The analyses thus have indicated that natural enemies can be suitable as bio-indicators. Usefulness of indicator species in rice paddies is discussed in the context of ecologically sound agriculture.

Production of Azadirachtin from Plant Tissue Culture: State of the Art and Future Prospects

  • Prakash, Gunjan;Bhojwani, Sant S.;Srivastava, Ashok K.
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.185-193
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    • 2002
  • With Increasing awareness towards environment-friendly and non-toxic pesticide azadirachtin obtained from neon tree (Azadirachta indica) is gaining more and more importance. Its broad-spectrum activity, Peculiar mode of action. eco-friendly and non-toxic action towards beneficial organisms has offered many advantages over chemical pesticides. All currently use commercial formulations based on azadirachtin contains azadirachtin extracted from seeds of naturally grown whole plants which is labour intensive process depending upon many uncontrollable geographical and climatic factors. Plant tissue culture can be a potential process for the pro-duction, offering consistent, stable and controlled supply of this bioactive compound, However the research on tissue culture aspects of production are in preliminary stage and requires culture and process optimization for the development of a commercially viable process. This review states the present status and future challenges of plant tissue culture for azadirachtin production.

Flow Injection Biosensor for the Detection of Anti-Cholinesterases

  • Chung, Myung-Sun;Lee, Yong-Tae;Lee, Hye-Sung
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.296-302
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    • 1998
  • A potentiometric flow injection biosensor for the analysis of anti-cholinesterases (anti-ChEs), based on inhibition of enzyme activity, was developed. The sensor system consists of a reactor with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) immobilized on controlled pore glass and a detector with an $H^{+}-selective$ PVC-based membrane electrode. The principle of the analysis is based on the fact that the degree of inhibition of AChE by an anti-ChE is dependent on the concentration of the anti-ChE in contact with AChE. The sensor system was optimized by changing systematically the operating parameters of the sensor to evaluate the effect of the changes on sensor response to ACh. The optimized biosensor was applied to the analysis of paraoxon, an organophosphorus pesticide. Treatment of the inhibited enzyme with pyridine-2-aldoxime fully restored the enzyme activity allowing repeated use of the sensor.

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Chemical Composition from Associated with the Use of Household Pesticide

  • Lee, Jong-Hyo;Sin, Myeong-Hui;Im, Ho-Jin;Jeong, U-Sik;Gwon, Gi-Dong;Kim, Mo-Geun;Lee, Jin-U;Jo, Wan-Geun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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    • 2008.11a
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    • pp.114-116
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    • 2008
  • Head-space method를 이용하여 살충제에 대한 VOCs의 배출특성을 평가한 결과 모든 제품에서 다양한 VOCs가 검출되었으며, 제품에 따라 다소 차이는 있지만 대부분의 생활용품에서 유해한 오염물질이 검출되었다. 국내 제조회사나, 동일제품의 종류, 제품의 형태에 따라 VOCs의 종류가 유사한 것도 있지만, 대부분 배출특성의 차이가 있을 수 있다고 사료되어진다.

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Streptomyces Showing Antifungal Activities against Six Plant Pathogenic Fungi

  • KIM, BUM-JOON;MOONJAE CHO;JIN-CHEOL KIM;KWANG YUN CHO;GYUNG JA CHO;CHUL-HOON LEE;YOONGHO LIM
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.1120-1123
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    • 2001
  • Screening tests against six plant pathogenic fungi were performed in order to develop biopesticides. Actinomycetes were used to discriminate Bacillus thuringiensis for wide use as a microbial pesticide. From more than 100 actinomycetes tested, twelve strains showed potent antifungal activities. We report in vivo screening results from fermentation broths of these twelve strains and identification of the strain taxa.

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BioRational Approaches for Insect Control

  • Bowers, William-S.
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.289-303
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    • 1992
  • Investigation of the environmental impact of widespread pesticide use has revealed a virtue/vice relationship. Although many pesticides perform their function and disappear without harm to the environment, others persist beyond their useful purpose and cause direct of indirect hazard to man, domestic animals and wildlife. Concurrently, many pests have rapidly adjusted to chemical control practices through changes in behavior that avoid exposure to pesticides of throuth genetic selection for populations resistant to the toxicants. The prospect of losing control over insect herbivores and desease vectors and returning to the days of global hunger and disease is unthinkable. Fortunately, from basic studies of insect and plant biology many opportunities for the development of safe, selective and environmentally pacific strategies for insect pest management are being realized.

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Effect of organophosphorous pesticides as neuro-endocrine disruptors on the immune system of Balb/c mice

  • Kim, Hyung-Soo;Juno H. Eom;Chung, Seung-Tae;Park, Jae-Hyun;Kil, Jung-Hyun;Lee, Jong-Kwon;Oh, Hye-Young
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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    • 2003.05a
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    • pp.78-79
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    • 2003
  • Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides have largely replaced the use of organochlorine pesticides and have been widely used in agriculture and houses in recent years because of their rapid breakdown in water and their low environmental persistence. As a result, consumers are directly or indirectly exposed to organophosphorus pesticides through several food groups including meat, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, dried foods, and most processed food in which a significant amount of pesticide residues have been found.(omitted)

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