• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.415-420
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• 2010

This study investigated effects of different sound frequencies on development and insecticide susceptibility of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Under a constant sound intensity (95 dB), different frequency (0-5,000 Hz) sounds were treated on entire developmental period of the aphids. With increase of sound frequencies, nymphal to adult development of the aphids showed significant retardation and the females exhibited a significant decrease in fecundity. The greatest disrupting effects were induced by treatment of 5,000 Hz, which also caused marked change in protein expression of the aphids analysed by two dimensional electrophoresis. Sound frequencies above 2,000 Hz significantly increased susceptibility of the aphids against imidacloprid. This study clearly suggest that there is a stress sound, which can be sensed by M. persicae and induces its physiological alteration.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.97-103
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• 1998

Effects of safener fluxofenim was investigated for crop injury of acetanilide's upland herbicides and for enzyme activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in grain sorghum. Bioassay with etiolated grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. cv. 'G522DR'] seedlings grown in agar containing metolachlor or alachlor showed that they are strong inhibitors on root growth of grain sorghum ($GI_{50}=4.5{\mu}M$ for metolachlor and $6.2{\mu}M$ for alachlor). The safener fluxofenim applied by seed soaking protected growth of grain sorghum from crop injury of metolachlor or alachlor at the concentrations of 1 to 10 ${\mu}M$. There was a significant increase in glutathione-herbicide conjugates in root tissues of fluxofenim-treated seedlings. Activities of $GST_{-metolachlor}$ and $GST_{-CDNB}$ were increased by 82% and 70%, respectively, in the cytosolic fraction of roots with fluxofenim treatment.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.109-112
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• 2013

Azole fungicides are one of the most wide-spread antifungal compounds in agriculture and pharmaceutical applications. Their major mode of action is the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, giving depletion of ergosterol, precursors and abnormal steroids. However, metabolic consequences of such inhibition, other than steroidal metabolitesare not well established. Comprehensive metabolic profiles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been presented in this study. Wild type yeast was treated either with glucose as control or azole fungicide (ketoconazole). Both polar metabolites and lipids were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Approximately over 180 metabolites were characterized, among which 18 of them were accumulated or depleted by fungicide treatment. Steroid profile gives the most prominent differences, including the accumulation of lanosterol and the depletion of zymosterol and ergosterol. However, the polar metabolite profile was also highly different in pesticide treatment. The concentration of proline and its precursors, glutamate and ornithine were markedly reduced by ketoconazole. Lysine and glycine level was also decreased while the concentrations of serine and homoserine were increased. The overall metabolic profile indicates that azole fungicide treatment induces the depletion of many polar metabolites, which are important in stress response.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.98-102
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• 2024

Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a perennial plant belonging to the Araliaceae family that is known to have various beneficial effects including improving memory loss and spatial cognitive ability, and anti-cancer and anti-diabetes activity. Its functional benefits also include improving liver function, regulating blood pressure, stress, and providing antioxidant activity. Usually, various agrochemicals are used in cultivating ginseng preventing from many diseases. Methods: FCGP (field cultivated ginseng in pot) was implemented by imitating MCWG (mountain cultivated wild ginseng). Pesticide analysis of pot cultivation was carried out and the contents of bioactive components such as ginsenoside were also analyzed. Results: FCGP ginsenoside content was higher than that of FCG (field cultivated ginseng) and MCWG. FCGP has been shown to have a relatively high antioxidant effect compared with cultivated ginseng. Conclusion: It was confirmed that ginseng can be grown for 6 years without resorting to use of pesticides. In addition, it was confirmed that effective accumulation of physiologically active ingredients such as ginsenoside is possible. Our result represents FCGP is a novel method of pesticide-free ginseng cultivation

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.90-101
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate influencing factors of health problems which the vinyl house farmers had experienced. Method: Based on PRECEDE model, this study was done with 110 respondents(50 to 69 years old), working in vinyl house and living in the remote area where the primary health post located. Results: Quality of life was low in economical status, emotional status, and physical function. Health problems were founded as pain and chronic fatigue that were caused by physical symptoms, weakened physical strength, and increased blood pressure and cholesterol. Behavioral and environmental factors were related with lack of exercise, irregular eating habit, curtailed sleep, overwork, wrong working postures, stress, and non-fulfillment of safety standard during spraying pesticide. Self efficacy was low in excercise practice, working way, and stress management. Conclusion: The Health Promotion Program for vinyl house farmers should be developed to improve health promoting behavior and self efficacy, to reduce stress, and to strengthen physical function.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2005

Safening activities of optically active ${\alpha}$-methylbenzylphenylureas on crop injury of rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Tsukinohikari, japonica) caused by bensulfuron-methyl (methyl 2-[[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]methyl]benzoate) and pyribenzoxim (benzophenone o-[2,6-bis[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]benzoyl]oxime) were investigated. Some derivatives of the optically active compounds exhibited strong safening activity against growth inhibition of rice by bensulfuron-methyl. Out of the derivatives tested, (S)-2,3-diCl and (S)-2-F-4-Me derivatives showed greater relieving activity than that of dymuron. In addition, the stress relieving activity was also obtained when they were applied at 4 days after bensulfuron-methyl treatment. On the other hand, crop injury caused by pyribenzoxim was relieved by about 95% with (S)-2-F-4-Me derivative in shoots and roots of rice seedlings.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.219-223
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• 2003

The toxicity of chlorothalonil on the growth of yeasts was investigated using several yeast strains. An alcohol tolerant yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae F38-1, was the most chlorothalonil-tolerant. The glutathione content and the glutathione S-transferase activity were related to the chlorothalonil-tolerant phenotype. Several thiol compounds affect the dissipation of chlorothalonil. However, there was no significant difference on the effects of chlorothalonil dissipation among the thiol compounds tested. The growth of yeast cells was arrested by chlorothalonil. It took about 13 h to dissipate 1 mg/l of chlorothalonil, and the growth was restored as the chlorothalonil content decreased. The glutathione content and glutathione S-transferase are suggested to be among the most important factors of yeast resistance to chlorothalonil.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2003

A toxicological study of the pesticides for rice paddy to loach was conducted with iprobenfos 17% GR, diazinon 3 % GR, and butachlor 5 % GR to establish the field test method and their toxicological effects on loach under the actual field conditions. The type C of cage was more effective in the sense of a little stress from the cage. The nets for shading and for preventing the birds were necessary to maintain the water temperature and to prevent the predators. The cumulative mortality of loach exposed to iprobenfos 17% GR, diazinon 3% GR and butachlor 5% GR were 10, 55 and 22%, respectively, during 7 days of exposure. The averaged concentration of the pesticides in paddy water 2 days after application were 1.67, 0.22 and 0.26 mg/L, and mortalities were 7, 50 and 17%, respectively, representing the similar results with acute toxicity $(48h-LC_{50})$.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.295-300
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• 2009

Formaldehyde (FA) is an important irritant compound in pesticide to induce asthma and allergy in respiratory system. Alveolar macrophage is also an pivotal cell in the immune response of respiratory system. However, the effect of FA in macrophage cell viability has not been elucidated. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of FA on apoptosis in Raw 264.7 cells, alveolar macrophage cell line. In this study, FA decreased cell viability of lung alveolar macrophage cells in a dose-dependent manner (>$100{\mu}M$). FA-induced decrease of cell viability was blocked by the treatment of antioxidants (vitamin C, NAC, and catalase). Indeed, FA induced lipid peroxide formation in Raw 264.7 cells. FA decreased Bcl-2 expression but increased Bax expression in lung alveloar macrophage cells. In addition, FA also increased the cleaved form of caspase-3. In conclusion, FA induced apoptosis via oxidative stress in cultured Raw 264.7 cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.771-777
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• 2022

Dopaminergic (DA) cell death in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been attributed to multiple, distinct genetic and environmental factors. In rare familial PD loss of parkin function mutations play a key role in nigral DA neuron-specific pathogenesis primarily via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In more prevalent sporadic PD, environmental exposure to pesticides has a significant epidemiological role. However, it is largely unknown how environmental exposure to xenobiotics is etiologically linked with the known etiology in familial PD. In the present study biochemical evidence for a common pathogenic mechanism between sporadic and familial PD has been identified employing the recently characterized mesencephalic DA cell line, N27-A. Dieldrin, an organochlorine pesticide epidemiologically implicated in sporadic PD, induced the markers of ER stress response such as a chaperone BiP/Grp78, heme oxygenase-1 and especially, parkin. Accordingly, dieldrin activated the ER resident Caspase-12, a mediator of ER stress-specific apoptosis, during cell death of N27-A cells. Of great interest the dieldrin-induced DA neuronal cell death was synergistically rescued by the overexpression of ER resident neuroprotective proteins, parkin and Bcl-2. The present findings implicate that accumulation of ER stress could be one of common pathogenic mechanisms in idiopathic and familial PD, and some ER proteins, such as parkin and Bcl-2 may effectively attenuate ER stress-mediated N27-A DA cell death.