• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.98-108
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• 2012

In order to use in the classification of minor crop for the mutual application of safe use guideline, it was investigated the residue property of fungicide boscalid and fludioxonil at the same time harvest leafy-vegetables, such as spinach, ulgaribaechu, vitaminchae and cheongkyungchae. After pesticides were applied 2 times with 1 week interval in that day of harvest, 2 days, 5 days and 7 days before harvest, vegetables were harvested, and the residue of pesticides was investigated. Base on the residue in that day of harvest, the deposit of spray solution in vegetables was calculated. The deposit of spray solution of boscalid was 253.9 mL/kg in spinach, 83.0 mL/kg in ulgaribaechu, 97.8 mL/kg in vitaminchae, and 88.3 mL/kg in cheongkyungchae, respectively. In case of fludioxonil, it was calculated 157.6 mL/kg in spinach, 67.6 mL/kg in ulgaribaechu, 64.8 mL/kg in vitaminchae, and 66.6 mL/kg in cheongkyungchae, respectively. When the amount of the deposit of both pesticides was compared in leafy-vegetables, it was the highest in the spinach. On the other hand, it was estimated the predicted dissipation curve of pesticides in leafy-vegetables during cultivation. The half-life of boscalid was 5.9 days in spinach, 7.4 days in ulgaribaechu, 4.6 days in vitaminchae, and 4.3 days in cheongkyungchae, respectively. Also, it was estimated half-life in fludioxonil, it was 3.0 days in spinach, 4.0 days in ulgaribaechu, 3.2 days in vitaminchae, and 3.5 days in cheongkyungchae, respectively. The half-life was the longest in the ulgaribaechu. When both pesticides were compared with the residue property, the deposit of spray solution and half-life of dissipation of boscalid were more than those of fludioxonil.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.294-301
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• 2012

In order to use in the classification of minor crop for the mutual application of safe use guideline, it was compared a green onion with a scallion on the residue property of insecticide bifenthrin and chlorfenapyr. After pesticides were applied 2 times with 1 week interval in that day of harvest, 3 days, 7 days, 10 days and 14 days before harvest, vegetables were harvested, and the residue of pesticides was investigated. Base on the residue in that day of harvest, the deposit of spray solution in vegetables was calculated. The deposit of spray solution of bifenthrin was 123.0 mL/kg in a green onion, and 74 mL/kg in a scallion. In case of chlorfenapyr, it was calculated 126.5 mL/kg in a green onion, and 70.0 mL/kg in a scallion. When the amount of the deposit of both pesticides was compared a green onion with a scallion, it was higher in a green onion. On the other hand, it was estimated the predicted dissipation curve of pesticides in a green onion and a scallion during cultivation. The dissipation curve of bifenthrin was y = 1.0334 $e^{-0.0602x}$ ($R^2$= 0.8606) in a green onion, and y = 0.7693 $e^{-0.1823x}$ ($R^2$= 0.9756) in a scallion. In case of chlorfenapyr, it was y = 2.2603 $e^{-0.0519x}$ ($R^2$= 0.9043) in a green onion, and y = 1.2940 $e^{-0.1051x}$ ($R^2$ = 0.9782) in a scallion. The half-life of bifenthrin was 11.51 days in a green onion, and 3.80 days in a scallion, respectively. Also, it was estimated half-life in chlorfenapyr, it was 13.35 days in a green onion, and 6.59 days in a scallion, respectively. The half-life of both pesticides in a green onion was longer than in a scallion. When both vegetables were compared with the residue property, the deposit of spray solution and half-life of dissipation in a green onion were more than those in a scallion.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

In this study, the pesticide residues in 106 commercial cereal grains were monitored from February to July 2021. For the investigation, 40 domestic and 66 imported products from large, small-to-medium sized offline and online distribution channels, were collected and analyzed by using the multiresidue method for 341 pesticides on GC/ECD, GC/NPD, GC/MSMS, UPLC/PDA, HPLC/FLD, LC/MSMS. Pesticides were detected in total of 8 samples (7.5%), of which one was from big box retailers, two from small and medium-sized distribution stores, and five from online shopping mall. Five (4.7%) samples were found to have pesticide residues greater than the maximum residue limits (MRLs). The detected pesticides in kidney beans (1 case), mung beans (6 cases), and sorghum (1 case), were MGK-264, chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam, malathion, piperonyl butoxide, and pirimiphos-methyl. Specifically, an excessive amount of thiamethoxam was found from the imported mung bean (5 cases).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.246-253
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to examine the residual amount variation of carbendazim and chlorpyrifos in fruit parts of red pepper according to the open field and/or the rain shelter house. It was shown higher residual amounts of agrochemicals in the field than the house condition at two hours (0 day) after chemical application, but it was shown higher residual amounts in the house at 5 days and 10 days. Although the residual amount in the field was higher than in the house at the beginning, the chemicals fast degraded in field condition. Carbendazim and chlorpyrifos remained as time passed in order of receptacle, but the residual amounts of two chemicals in leaf at $5^{th}$ day. Carbendazim and chlorpyrifos were lessened until 10 days after chemical application, and reduction rate were 19.1% and 66.4% in flesh, 45.2% and 62.3% in receptacle, and 41.6% and 72.0% in the stalk, respectively. The reduction rate at 15 days showed 31.1%, 75.3% in flesh, 43.5%, 81.7% in receptacle, and 47.7%, 82.8% in stalk, respectively. Therefore the reduction rate of carbendazim showed receptacle > stalk > flesh, and that of chlorpyrifos showed stalk > receptacle > flesh in order. The calculated half-life of carbendazim showed 29.6 days in flesh, 13.6 days in receptacle, and 16.0 days in stalk, but that of chlorpyrifos showed 8.3 days in flesh, 8.3 days in receptacle, and 6.3 days in stalk. In conclusion, the half-life of carbendazim was longer than that of chlorpyrifos in even part, and especially was longest in flesh part of fruit.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2017

Strawberries are one of the main commodities in Korea and have been exported over 30 million dollar. And the safety has recently become an important issue in the agro-trade, pesticide residue is most important matter of safe agricultural products. As strawberries can be cultivated using elevated production system, so it is possible to use the drenching. When spraying the pesticides, the use of drenching can be lower amount of residual than using foliar treatment. In this study, time sequential residual amount of pesticides were compared between drenching and foliar application in strawberries. Pesticides were treated with the standard and double dosage and samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9, 13, 16 and 21 day and analyzed by LC and LC-MS/MS after liquid-liquid extraction and QuEChERS. Two pesticides were detected less than 1 mg/kg in all samples for drenching treatment. Carbendazim residues in drenching treatment were 5 to 25 times lower than foliar application. And azoxystrobin was not detected in strawberries of drenching treatment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.339-345
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Recently in Korea, the import of agricultural products is rising due to the increasing amount of trade. Unregistered pesticides, allidochlor, propachlor, propham, cycloate, diallate and pebulate are widely used as pesticides for rice cultivation in foreign countries, while they are not registered in Korea. Therefore, the residue amount of imported agri-foods should be verified using the proper official analytical method for each of them that has not registered in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: This work was conducted to apply the official method of Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) for determining multi class pesticide multiresidues in agricultural commodities. Brown rice and orange which have different characteristics as a matrix were selected as representative samples for residue analysis. The recoveries of cycloate, diallate and pebulate by GC/MS in fortified brown rice and orange with levels of 0.04~0.4 mg/kg were ranged from 82.8% to 110.3%. The quantification limits of three pesticides in brown rice and orange were 0.04 mg/kg. CONCLUSION: As a result, this method can surely be used as an official method for routine analysis of unregistered pesticides in Korea for imported agri-food.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of the residual amount in the leafstalk (end) and the fore-end (upper) portion of lettuce leaves during cultivation period to 14 days, 12 times in total (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13 and 14 days) after spraying with boscalid and lufenuron. In the case of boscalid, the initial concentrations at 3 hours (0 day) of the leafstalk and the fore-end portion of lettuce leaves were 18.26 mg/kg and 84.97 mg/kg, respectively and the residual amounts were rapidly decreased to 0.31 mg/kg and 0.37 mg/kg at 14 days after chemical application. In the case of lufenuron, the initial concentrations at 3 hours (0 day) of the leafstalk and the fore-end portion of lettuce leaves were 0.91 mg/kg and 5.21 mg/kg, respectively and the residual amounts were rapidly decreased to 0.06 mg/kg and 0.09 mg/kg at 13 days after chemical application. The variations of the residual concentrations analyzing 12 times after spraying showed that the residual amounts of the leafstalk portion of lettuce leaves were less than its fore-end portion in boscalid and lufenuron. In additon, 9 kinds of pesticide including boscalid in 16 lettuce leaf (found to contain pesticide in 2013) showed that the residual amounts of the leafstalk portion of lettuce leaves were less than its fore-end portion as well.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.365-374
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• 2020

This study was conducted to monitor the residual pesticides on a total of 320 stalk and stem vegetables from January 2019 to December 2019 in the Incheon metropolitan area. Pesticide residues in samples were analyzed by the multi-residue method for 373 pesticides using GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS, GC-ECD, GC-NPD and HPLC-UVD. Risk assessment was also carried out based on the amount of stalk and stem vegetables consumed. The linearity correlation coefficient for the calibration curve was 0.9951 to 1.0000, LOD 0.002 to 0.022 mg/kg, LOQ 0.005 to 0.066 mg/kg and recovery was 82.0 to 108.0%. According to the monitoring of pesticides, 36 (11.3%) of 320 were detected with pesticide residues and 3 (0.9%) samples exceeded the maximum residual limit. The detection frequency for Chinese chives and Welsh onion was higher than that for other stalk and stem vegetables. The frequently detected pesticides were etofenprox, procymidone, fludioxonil, and pendimethalin. As a tool of risk assessment through the consumption of pesticide detectable agricultural products, the ratio of estimated daily intake (EDI) to acceptable daily intake (ADI) was calculated in the range of 0.0062-24.1423%. These results indicate that there is no particular health risk through consumption of commercial stalk and stem vegetables detected with pesticide residues.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.403-409
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• 2011

The removal amount of pesticide residue which were remained in baechu (Chinese cabbage) and perilla leaf were measured during the preparation process of kimchi. The amounts of diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan applied to chinese cabbage were $9.18{\pm}0.03$mg/kg, $22.27{\pm}0.22$ and $10.46{\pm}0.02$ mg/kg respectively. When chinese cabbage was brined with 10% salt solution for 12 hours, the removal rates of three pesticides were 22.5%, 25.3% and 0.6% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively. When chinese cabbage was brined and rinsed 3 times with water, the removal rates of three pesticides were 69.9%, 85.6% and 11.2% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively. When kimchi was prepared and fermented for 28 days at $4^{\circ}C$, the removal rates of three pesticides were 79.4%, 94.4% and 21.0% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively. The relative percentages of removal dose of pesticides during brining were 28.4%, 26.9% and 3.2% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively and which were 59.7%, 63.8% and 50.4% during rinsing and which were 11.9%, 9.3% and 46.4% during fermentation, respectively. The amounts of diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan applied to perilla leaf were $18.11{\pm}0.62$ mg/kg, $31.80{\pm}0.33$ and $12.01{\pm}0.01$ mg/kg, respectively. When perilla leaf was rinsed 3 times with water, the removal rates of three pesticides were 60.5%, 52.0% and 23.7% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively. When perilla leaf was rinsed and brined with 10% salt solution for 14 days, the removal rates of three pesticides were 93.9%, 92.4% and 49.6% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively. The relative percentages of removal dose of pesticides during rinsing were 64.5%, 56.3% and 47.8% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively, and which during brining were 35.5%, 43.7% and 52.2% for diazinon, procymidone and endosulfan, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.190-196
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• 2009

The residues of abamectin 1.8% EC, resisted for control of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in pine tree were surveyed in tissue of Pinus thunbergii and P. koraiensis after injection of a liquid formulation. Limits of detection of abamectin in tissue of P. thunbergii were $0.05\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ and mean recoveries at $0.5\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ trunk injection were 90.9% and 93.1% respectively in stem and trunk of P. thunbergii. Abamectin 1.8% EC, trunk injected in 15 m height P. thunbergii were detected in all stem (edible part of carrier insect of pine wood nematode, Monochamus alternatus) from 0.29 to $0.73\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ after 150 days injection. Amount of residue of abamectin 1.8% EC in 12.6 cm mean breast height diameter (DBH) P. thunbergii were variable depending on individual trees in natural forest. Amount of residues in lower and middle part of trunk were reduced with the passage of the injection time. In upper part of trunk were detected $1.84\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ on 30 days after injection however $0.65\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ on 15 days after injection and under detection limit on 100 and 180 days after injection in P. thunbergii. Bottom and middle parts of crown were detected $0.183\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $0.173\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ respectively on 180 days after injection in P. thunbergii. Mean residues of abamectin in crown and trunk were $0.80\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $0.30\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ on 170 days after trunk injection in 20 cm DBH and 9 m height P. koraiensis. Mean residues of abamectin in crown and trunk were $0.67\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $0.36\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ on 170 days after trunk injection in 15 cm DBH and 6 m height P. koraiensis.