• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2015

In this paper, we proposed and evaluated the performance of an internal MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna for multiband operations including LTE (Long Term Evolution) 700/2300/2500. And to enhance the isolation characteristic, a parasitic element is designed and applied. The proposed single antenna has a volume of $60mm(W){\times}38mm(L)$, and the ground plane is $60mm(W){\times}100mm(L)$. The parasitic element used for enhancing the isolation of the antenna was designed with a copper on FR4 sized $60mm(W){\times}20mm(L){\times}1.6mm(H)$, and the pattern size is $60mm(W){\times}15mm(L)$. Simulated and measured results showed that LTE 700/2300/2500, DCS (Digital Cellular Service: 1710-1880MHz), K-PCS (Korea-Personal Communication Service: 1750-1870MHz), US-PCS (US-Personal Communication Service: 1850-1990MHz), WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access: 1920-2170MHz), Wibro (2300-2390MHz), Bluetooth (2400-2483MHz), WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network: 2400-2483.5MHz), US-WiMAX (US-World interoperability for Microwave Access: 2400-2590MHz) frequency bands were covered with $S_{11}$ values less than -6dB (VSWR < 3). Simulated and measured results on $S_{21}$ at 730MHz for the firstly designed MIMO antenna showed -5.50dB and -5.65dB, respectively. When with the parasitic element at the separated ground plane to enhance the isolation performance, -10.33dB and -12.90dB are obtained for the simulation and measurement, so the enhanced isolation performance at lower frequency band (617-867MHz) is confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to find out the changes on the metropolitan condominium apartment unit plans based on the interior spaces related to women such An-bang (master bedroom), bathroom and attached spaces to the master bedroom, living room, diningroom, kitchen, utility room, and balcony. This study used the content analysis method and space syntax. Contents were limited to the floor plans with 3 rooms type and about 105 m2 in the Korean apartment encyclopedia. The unit plans of 2,278, built from October 1975 to January 2008, were analyzed and basically SPSS package 16.0 was employed. The results were as followed. 1) Living room was a core space and an increasing tendency. After 2001, the design trend of living room connected with kitchen and dining room, and dining room changed into one space combining with women's working space such kitchen. It meaned women's working activities became into family public activities as to depending open access. 2) Kitchen had a characteristics that was connected to utility room or back balcony, and the number of extra kitchen increased. Also, the size of DK decreased, but utility size little increased. It was showed the characteristic of this space was still for women. 3) An-bang had a little strong characteristics of married coulpe or women's personal space with bathroom or dress room/powder room. 4) In addition, the values of integration and control of living room and DK were highest. It meant these space were centered in unit plans. Next, the An-bang and dress room/powder room were high. Utility room or balcony's were next, and these were women's working space. Therefore, family's public space was most important, and married couple or women's personal and working space were later in planning.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.1590-1597
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• 1999

Advertisements on the Web, rising as a major profit source of Web services, have a distinctive characteristic of detailed classification of potential customers, compared with those of other conventional media such as TV and newspaper. It is therefore possible to advertise selectively according to personal characteristics and to record precise advertisement effects. Web-based advertisement management systems of nowadays have the capability to select ones compatible with personal environment characteristics and registered information, and to provide processed information and knowledge about advertisement effects based on usage recordings. However, they have severe problems in modeling diverse requirements or characteristics of users : customers, advertisers and ISP, and in matching and coordinating of them. In order to solve these problems, we propose a frame work for coordinating the needs of users, advertisers, and ISPs, which is built on top of tree-style classification of advertisements. Other schemes are supported around the framework as follows : (1) characteristics management of pages within themselves, (2) rule-based modeling of advertisement target, and (3) user modeling and case-based analysis. We propose a prototype system within the framework.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.313-322
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the incidence and risk factors of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in farmers compared to the general population and to establish 5-year prediction models. Methods: The farmer cohort and the control cohort were generated using the customized database of the National Health Insurance Service of Korea database and the National Sample Cohort, respectively. The participants were followed from the day of the index general health examination until the events of MI, stroke, or death (up to 5 years). Results: In total, 734 744 participants from the farmer cohort and 238 311 from the control cohort aged between 40 and 70 were included. The age-adjusted incidence of MI was 0.766 and 0.585 per 1000 person-years in the farmer and control cohorts, respectively. That of stroke was 0.559 and 0.321 per 1000 person-years in both cohorts, respectively. In farmers, the risk factors for MI included male sex, age, personal history of hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, creatinine, metabolic syndrome components (blood pressure, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Those for stroke included male sex, age, personal history of hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, high γ-glutamyl transferase, and metabolic syndrome components (blood pressure, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The prediction model showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.735 and 0.760 for MI and stroke, respectively, in the farmer cohort. Conclusions: Farmers had a higher age-adjusted incidence of MI and stroke. They also showed distinct patterns in cardiovascular risk factors compared to the general population.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.26
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• pp.181-204
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• 2008

This study is to categorize five types of conflict handling styles that employees can take when conflict occurs. The five types are integrating, avoiding, dominating, obliging, and compromising. I found these factors that explain conflicts handling styles divided them into organizational structure, task group functioning and need styles and how certain factors explain different kinds of conflict handling styles without other factors. To measure conflict handling styles, this study used the scale of conflict style devised Rahim. Data were collected by the survey method from employees engaged in the service industry located Seoul, the Province of Gyeonggi, and the Province of Gangwon. In addition, in order to prove my hypothesis, I used hierarchical regression analysis method to find the pure explanation that each factors have without multicollinearity. According to the study's result, in a person's type of needs, if the need for achievement is high, they prefer integrating style. In contrast, if the need for achievement is low, they prefer avoiding style. Also, if the need for affiliation is high, the employees prefer compromising style. But if the need for affiliation is low and the need for dominance is high, the employees favor dominating style. However, in task group functioning, group homogeneity, group cohesiveness, and group goal clarity are high, or the confidence in peers and management is high, the employees prefer obliging style to other conflicts handling styles. As well as if group homogeneity, group cohesiveness, and group goal clarity are high, it was found that they prefer compromising style. Also, if the role conflict that is related to organizational structure is serious, employees prefer obliging style, but they have weakenss in explanation. To sum up these results, if the employees have obliging style that shows lack of concerns over themselves and at the same time, have high concerns to others, is affected by task group or organization. And we can infer that the other conflicts handling styles are effected by personal characteristic.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.143-148
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a personalized user authentication system (PUAS) that can be used in multiple stages in user authentication by customizing the password keyword to be used in user authentication. The proposal concept is that the user oneself defines the password keyword to be used in user authentication so as to cope with a passive retransmission attack which reuses the password obtained when the server system is accessed in user authentication. The authentication phase is also designed so that it can be expanded in multiple stages in a single step. Also, it is designed to store user-defined password related information in an arbitrary encrypted place in the system, thereby designing to disable the illegal access of the network. Therefore, even if an intruder accesses the system using the proposed system, it is possible to generate personal authentication information by generating a password keyword through unique personal information possessed only by an individual and not know the place where the generated authentication information is stored, It has a strong security characteristic.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.116-125
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• 2022

Netflix Original movies have distinctive characteristics in that it is screened online only and viewers have to watch movies using their personal devices. By analyzing the haptic characteristics of Netflix platform from remediation perspective, we examine how Netflix hypermediacy haptic characteristics associated with clicking or touching expand to immediacy haptic characteristics, and compare the differences between Netflix original movie (2020) and film movie (1940). Through this, it points out the connection between the sense of the hand that requires clicking or touching and the description of the hand in Netflix original movie . As the individual interface of the personal device has been adjusted to make it possible to watch movies, the position of the hand becomes important in watching movies, and the hand plays an essential role in the beginning, middle, and end of the movie. Therefore, this study, which focuses on the haptic characteristics of Netflix original movie , is meaningful in that it studied the characteristics of the OTT original movie that was not previously covered and that the haptic characteristic plays an important role in the way of watching OTT contents.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.243-253
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• 2016

Company strengthen various information security policy and activity in order to protect important information assets that the company has been dealing with and prevents information security accidents such as personal information spill. However, some study said these policy and activity increase employee's information security stress and still information security accidents by employees have happened so far. Therefore, this study will review preceding theories and studies used in many various fields including Information Security areas needed to explain human's behavioral intention and determinants and summarize characteristic factors that have influence on control of human's behavioral intention in the results of the above theories and studies. Secondly, this study will implement exploratory analysis on characteristic factors perceived by employees that has been stemmed from various company's information security policy and activity in order to increase employee/'s information security compliance intention under the its surrounding security circumstance. Thirdly, this study will fulfil multiple-regression analysis in order to identify cause-effect relationship between employee's perceived information security stress and employee's perceived characteristic factor. Finally, this study will explain casual relationship with same analysis methods between information security stress and information security compliance intention based on results of the survey conducted on the financial firm's employees with same analysis methods.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.125-139
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• 1996

Organizational commitment is characterized by a strong belief in and acceptance of the organization's goal and values ; a willingness to exert considerable effort on behalf of the organization ; a strong desire to maintain membership in the organization. The purpose of this study was to identify the variables which influence the organizational commitment and to test the relationship between the clinical nurses' organizational commitment and turnover intention. The subjects were 412 nurses who were working on general wards at three General Hospitals in Chounbuk. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaire from Sept. 20 to Sept. 31, 1995. The instruments used in this study were Likert-type scale which were Organizational Commitment Scale by Mowday et al, and Turnover Intention Scale by Mobley et al. The questionnaire of organizational characteristics was made through reviewing literature. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with $SPSS-PC^+$ program. Major findings are as follows : 1. Mean scores for organizational commitment were 3.008 and turnover intention 3.167 on a 5 point scale. 2. Age and clinical experience were positively related to organizational commitment(r=.4806, p=.000; r=.4792, p=.000). 3. In the personal variables, hospital type(F=21.374, p=.000), education level(F=5.481, p=.001), position(F=30.867, P=.000), and marital status(t=-5.63, p=.000) of the nurses showed significant differences in organizational commitment. 4. The variables to the organizational characteristic were statistically significant in organizational commitment : formalization(r=.3458, p=.000), human-centered organizational characteristic(r=.4302, p=.000), performance- centered organizational characteristic(r=-.1502, p=.000), payment(r=.2234, p=.000), promotion(r=.2710, p=.000), benefit & service(r=.2325, p=.000), and resource inadequacy(r=-.2172, p=.000). 5. For the purpose of identifying the predicting variables in organizational commitment, stepwise multiple regression is conducted. The results show that age, human-centered organizational characteristic, formalization, hospital type, resource inadequacy, promotion, and benefit & service were significant variables and explained 46% of the variance. 6. Organizational commitment was significantly negatively correlated with turnover intention(r=-.6442, p=.000). As a result of stepwise multiple regression analysis, organizational commitment is the most powerful variable predicting turnover intention and explained 41.5% of the variance. In conclusion, this study shows that the higher the organizational commitment level, the lower the turnover intention. Therefore, for effective turnover management, it is important to improve the organizational commitment among clinical nurses. In order to enhance the organizational commitment by the clinical nurses, it will be useful to consider significant organizational characteristics variables identified in this study.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.380-391
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• 1998

This study was conducted to develop a theoretical model for the determinants of activities of daily living in Korean rural elderly people. The theoretical model was derived from Lawton's Ecological Model to explain human behavior. The model includes determinant variables for functional status such as age, sex, physical status, cognitive status, physical environment, social environment, and depression. Data for this study was collected from 189 elderly people in a rural district near Chonju City. The data was analyzed with SPSS PC/sup +/4.1 and LISREL 8. The analysis of the data showed that the first proposed theoretical model did not fit the collected data well. In order to increase the fit of the model to the data, the model was modified by deleting the exogenous variables of sex, physical environment, and social environment. The fit of the modified model to the data was increased and was move suitable. The results of this study show that the determinants of the activities of Korean rural elderly people were age, perceived physical condition, cognitive status, and depressional status. Age has a significant direct and indirect effect on the activities of daily living of rural elderly people. Perceived physical condition has a significant indirect effect through depression on activities of daily living. Cognitive status also has a significant indirect effect through depression on functional status. Depression has a significant direct effect on the functional status. Physical environment and social environment showed reversal relationships to functional status. In conclusion, the results of this study show that personal characteristic factors are more important than environmental characteristic factors for functional status of elderly people. However, the importance of depression to functional status in Korean rural elderly people and the reverse relationship between social environment and functional status, reflect Korean specificity. Korean nursing needs to focus more on this Korean specificity in order to develop nursing knowledge and practice appropriate to Korean people.