• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2005

Objectives : By examining the effects of Jwa Kum-Whan composed of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus by the ratio of 6:1 the effects of Soo Ryeon-Whan and composed of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus by the ratio of 1:1 on hyperlipidemia, the present study attempted to reveal the change of effects based on the ratio of combination. Methods : Jwa Kum-Whan and Soo Ryeon-Whan were injected to rats suffered from induced hyperlipidemia, and then its influence on lipid. During the cultivation of hepatocytes, Jwa Kum-Whan and Soo Ryeon-Whan were added to culture media, and the expression of the enzymes relevant to fat metabolism of hepatocytes was examined. Results : 1. Jwa Kum-Whan significantly decreased total cholesterol(Tc), triglyceride(TG), and LDL-cholesterol(LDLc) of rats suffering from hyperlipidemia induced by high cholesterol diet. Soo Ryeon-Whan decreased LDLc, but had no significant on Tc and TG. 2. Jwa Kum-Whan increased the expression of cholesterol esterase, LDL-receptor, diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), acylCoA-cholesterol-acyltransferase (ACAT), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma $(PPAR{\gamma})$, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha $(PPAR{\alpha})$ of cultivated hepatocytes. In addition, Soo Ryeon-Whan increased the expression of cholesterol esterase, LDL-Receptor, DGAT, $PPAR{\gamma},\;PPAR{\alpha}$ of cultivated hepatocytes, but had no significant effects on the expression of ACAT. Conclusion : Both Jwa Kum-Whan and Soo Ryeon-Whan were composed of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus, but the fonner is more effective in hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 초과 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에서 지방세포로의 분화 연구를 통해 항비만 활성을 확인하고자 하였다. 초과 에탄올 추출물에 의한 지방세포 분화 억제 활성 및 지방형성에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에 분화를 유도하면서 추출물을 농도별로 처리하였고, 그 결과 초과 에탄올 추출물은 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에서 지방세포로의 분화를 농도에 의존적으로 감소시켰다. 이 같은 활성에 대한 작용기전을 알아보기 위해 지방세포 분화에 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$)와 CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$), 그리고 지방세포 분화에 관여하는 유전자들의 활성을 확인해 보았다. 실험 결과 초과 에탄올 추출물은 $PPAR{\gamma}$와 $C/EBP{\alpha}$의 유전자 및 단백질 발현을 유의적으로 감소시켰고 지방세포 분화에 관여하는 adipogenesis marker 유전자들의 발현을 억제 시켰다. 따라서 초과 에탄올 추출물은 지방분화 및 adipogenesis 억제 활성을 통해 항비만 소재로의 가능성이 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2014

본 연구는 안정 시 고지방식이 흰쥐의 골격근에서 PPAR-${\delta}$, PPAR-${\gamma}$ 그리고 PGC-$1{\alpha}$ 단백질 발현에 손바닥선인장 보충이 미치는 효과에 대하여 연구하였다. SD계 수컷 흰쥐 16마리를 무작위로 대조군(CG, n=8)과 실험군(EG, n=8)으로 분류하였다. 8주 동안 대조군은 고지방식이를 부하하였으며, 실험군은 5% 손바닥선인장을 보충식이하였다. 본 실험결과, 복부지방과 고환부 지방 중량은 EG군이 CG군에 비해 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(p<0.01). 또한 혈당, 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤의 농도도 EG군이 CG군에 비해 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(p<0.01). 한편, 골격근에서 PPAR-${\gamma}$와 PGC-$1{\alpha}$ 단백질 발현은 EG군이 CG군에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 손바닥선인장 보충이 고지방식이 흰쥐의 혈당과 중성지방 농도의 감소와 골격근에서 PPAR-${\gamma}$와 PGC-$1{\alpha}$ 단백질 발현을 증가시킴으로서 체지방을 감소시켜 체중증가 억제에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.459-466
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• 2016

Adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is critical for metabolic homeostasis and nutrient signaling during development. However, limited information is available on the pivotal modulators of adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Adaptor protein Lnk (Src homology 2B3 [SH2B3]), which belongs to a family of SH2-containing proteins, modulates the bioactivities of different stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated whether an interaction between insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and Lnk regulated IGF-1-induced adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. We found that wild-type MSCs showed greater adipogenic differentiation potential than $Lnk^{-/-}$ MSCs. An ex vivo adipogenic differentiation assay showed that $Lnk^{-/-}$ MSCs had decreased adipogenic differentiation potential compared with wild-type MSCs. Interestingly, we found that Lnk formed a complex with IGF-1R and that IGF-1 induced the dissociation of this complex. In addition, we observed that IGF-1-induced increase in the phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin was triggered by the dissociation of the IGF-1R-Lnk complex. Expression levels of a pivotal transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR-{\gamma}$) and its adipogenic target genes (LPL and FABP4) significantly decreased in $Lnk^{-/-}$ MSCs. These results suggested that Lnk adaptor protein regulated the adipogenesis of MSCs through the $IGF-1/Akt/PPAR-{\gamma}$ pathway.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.662-669
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• 2021

Objective: Effects of linseed oil (LO) supplementation on the fat content and fatty acid profile of breast meat, and the expression of three genes in the liver, breast muscle and fat tissues of commercial 154-day-old hybrid male turkeys were investigated. Methods: The animals in the control group were fed a commercially available feed and received no LO supplementation (n = 70), whereas animals in the LO group (n = 70) were fed the same basic diet supplemented with LO (day 15 to 21, 0.5%; day 22 to 112, 1%). The effect of dietary LO supplementation on fatty acid composition of breast muscle was examined by gas chromatography, and the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) genes was analysed by means of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: The LO supplementation affected the fatty acid composition of breast muscle. Hepatic FADS2 levels were considerably lower (p<0.001), while adipose tissue expression was higher (p<0.05) in the control compared to the LO group. The PPARγ expression was lower (p<0.05), whereas IGF1 was higher (p<0.05) in the fat of control animals. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in FADS2, PPARγ, and IGF1 gene expressions of breast muscle; however, omega-6/omega-3 ratio of breast muscle substantially decreased (p<0.001) in the LO group compared to control. Conclusion: Fatty acid composition of breast meat was positively influenced by LO supplementation without deterioration of fattening parameters. Remarkably, increased FADS2 expression in the liver of LO supplemented animals was associated with a significantly decreased omega-6/omega-3 ratio, providing a potentially healthier meat product for human consumption. Increased PPARγ expression in fat tissue of the LO group was not associated with fat content of muscle, whereas a decreased IGF1 expression in fat tissue was associated with a trend of decreasing fat content in muscle of the experimental LO group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.171-184
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• 2024

Purpose: Although activating thermogenic adipocytes is a promising strategy to reduce the risk of obesity and related metabolic disorders, emerging evidence suggests that it is difficult to induce adipocyte thermogenesis in obesity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the regulation of adipocyte thermogenesis in diet-induced obesity. Methods: Adipose progenitor cells were isolated from the white and brown adipose tissues of control diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice, and fully differentiated white and brown adipocytes were treated with β-agonists or 18-carbon fatty acids for β-adrenergic activation or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation. Results: Compared to the CD-fed mice, the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) was lower in the white adipose tissue of the HFD-fed mice; however, this was not observed in the brown adipose tissue. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg) was lower in the brown adipose progenitor cells isolated from HFD-fed mice than in those isolated from the CD-fed mice. Norepinephrine (NE) treatment exerted lesser effect on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (Pgc1a) upregulation in white adipocytes derived from HFD-fed mice than those derived from CD-fed mice. Regardless which 18-carbon fatty acids were treated, the expression levels of thermogenic genes including Ucp1, Pgc1a, and positive regulatory domain zinc finger region protein 16 (Prdm16) were higher in the white adipocytes derived from HFD-fed mice. Oleic acid (OLA) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) upregulated Pgc1a expression in white adipocytes derived from HFD-fed mice. Brown adipocytes derived from HFD-fed mice had higher expression levels of Pgc1a and Prdm16 compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: These results indicate that diet-induced obesity may downregulate brown adipogenesis and NE-induced thermogenesis in white adipocytes. Also, HFD feeding may induce thermogenic gene expression in white and brown primary adipocytes, and OLA and GLA could augment the expression levels.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2009

구조적으로 estrogen 수용체(estrogen receptor, ER)와 유사한 estrogen receptor-related receptor(ERR)는 포유동물에서 배발생 후기에 외배엽 형성과 관련되어 있다고 알려진 고아핵수용체(orphan nuclear receptor)이다. ERR은 ER과 DNA binding domain의 보존성은 유사하지만, ligand 결합 및 전사 활성은 다르다. 포유동물의 ERR에 관한 연구에 비하여 해양 무척추동물의 ERR에 대한 기능 연구는 매우 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 동해안에 주로 서식하는 둥근성게(Strongylocentrotus nudus) ERR의 초기 발생기 유전자 발현 변화와 전사 활성 기능을 조사하기 위해 먼저 polymerase chain reaction(PCR)을 이용하여 cDNA를 동정하였다. 둥근성게 ERR은 S. purpuratus와 91%의 높은 상동성을 보였으며, 계통수 분석을 통해 무척추동물 ERR의 clade에 포함되는 것을 알았다. 둥근성게 배발생 시기에 ERR 유전자 발현을 알아보기 위하여 real-time PCR을 실시한 결과, 4~64세포기와 유생기에 mRNA level이 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 호르몬 및 co-regulator에 의한 둥근성게 ERR의 전사 활성을 조사한 결과, 호르몬에 의한 특이성은 확인되지 않았지만, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-(PPAR) $\gamma$ coactivator $1\alpha$(PGC-$1\alpha$)가 둥근성게 ERR의 coactivator임을 입증할 수 있었다. 이 연구 결과는 향후 새로운 ligand 발굴과 coregulator와 의 상호작용 연구에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1136-1142
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• 2019

The root of Paeonia lactiflora has been used in Chinese medicine. We conducted to check the comparative qualities of ethanol solvent extraction (PLE) and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (PLS) of P. lactiflora root. PLE had higher antioxidant and polyphenol contents than PLS. But, PLS were significantly increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α. In addition, PLS inhibited the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. When treated with the extract at a concentration of 100 ㎍/mL, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway reporter luciferase activity of HEK 293-TOP cells increased approximately by 3-folds compared to that of the untreated control group. These results indicate that P. lactiflora supercritical carbon dioxide extract may serve as a cosmeceutical for improving skin barrier function and the treatment of obesity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2019

Luffa cylindrica (LC) is a very fast-growing climber and its fruit have been considered as agricultural wastes. We conducted to check the comparative qualities of ethanol solvent extraction (LCE) and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (LCS) of L. cylindrica fruit and seed. LCS had higher antioxidant and polyphenol contents than LCE. LCS were significantly increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-a and involucrin expression as epidermal differentiation marker in 3D skin equivalent model. LCS also showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a causative bacteria in atopic dermatitis. In addition, LCS inhibited the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. When treated with the extract at a concentration of 100 ㎍/mL, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway reporter luciferase activity of HEK 293-TOP cells was increased approximately by 2-folds compared to that of the untreated control group. These results indicate that L. cylindrica supercritical carbon dioxide extract may serve as a cosmeceutical for improving skin barrier function and the treatment of obesity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1688-1697
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• 2024

The current study aimed to determine whether Strongylocentrotus intermedius (S. intermedius) extract (SIE) exerts anti-obesity potentials employing 3T3-L1 cells as in vitro model. Herein we reported that treatment of SIE for 6 days reduced lipid accretion and triglyceride content whereas it increased the release of free glycerol. The inhibited lipid accumulation and induced lipolysis were evidenced by the downregulation of lipogenesis proteins, such as fatty acid synthase and lipoprotein lipase, and the upregulation of hormone-sensitive lipase expression. Furthermore, the downregulation of adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, highlights that reduced lipid accumulation is supported by lowering adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, treatment activates brown adipocyte phenotype in 3T3-L1 cells by inducing expression of brown adipose tissue-specific proteins, such as uncoupling protein 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α. Moreover, SIE induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The pharmacological approach using AMPK inhibitor revealed that the restraining effect of SIE on adipogenesis and promotion of adipocyte browning were blocked. In GC-MS analysis, SIE was mainly composed of cholest-5-en-3-ol (36.71%) along with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids which have favorable anti-obesity potentials. These results reveal that SIE has the possibility as a lipid-lowering agent for the intervention of obesity.