• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.26-32
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• 2021

The photovoltaic properties and microstructure changes were observed while perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a fabricated carbon electrode were formed using the following annealing processes: hot-plate, oven, and rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Perovskite solar cells with a glass/FTO/compact TiO2/meso TiO2/meso ZrO2/carbon structure were prepared. The photovoltaic properties and microstructure changes in the PSCs were analyzed using a solar simulator, optical microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. An analysis of the photovoltaic properties revealed outstanding properties when RTA was applied to the cells. Microstructure analysis showed that perovskite was formed locally on the carbon electrode surface when hot-plate and oven annealing were applied. On the other hand, PSC with RTA showed a flat surface without extra perovskite agglomeration. Denser perovskite formed on the porous carbon electrode layer with RTA showed superior photovoltaic properties. These results suggest that the RTA process might be appropriate for the massive production of carbon electrode PSCs considering the processing time.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.785-791
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• 1994

The $Sr_1-_xY_xMnO_3$ (x = 0.0∼1.0) system was synthesized using amorphous citrate process. The stability of various structures and the electronic transport properties of this system were investigated. X-ray diffraction study indicated that the $Sr_1-_xY_xMnO_3$ system has three different structures depending on composition, namely, 4L-hexagonal perovskite (when x is less than 0.3), pseudocubic perovskite (when x is 0.3∼0.7), and hexagonal nonperovskite (when x is larger than 0.7) structures. The structural changes and electronic properties were interpreted based on two factors, i.e., the size of cations and the oxidation state of manganese ion. When the concentration of Y substitution exceeds 30%, the Mn-Mn repulsive interaction dominates over intermetallic attraction, and thus structure changes to pseudocubic perovskite. In perovskite phase the unit cell dimensions increases with increasing $Mn^{3+}$ ions due to yttrium substitution. The band gap of $Sr_{0.9}Y_{0.1}MnO_3$ is greater than that of $Sr_{0.5}Y_{0.5}MnO_3$. The greater band gap of $Sr_{0.9}Y_{0.1}MnO_3$ indicates that the 4L-hexagonal structure is more stabilized than cubic perovskite due to the Mn-Mn bond.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.415.1-415.1
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• 2016

2009년도에 Perovskite가 태양전지에 처음 적용된 이후, Perovskite를 기반으로 하는 태양전지는 급속한 발전을 이루고 있으나, 향후 상용화를 위해서는 추가적인 공정개선 및 제조 단가를 낮추는 노력이 필수적이다. 초창기 Perovskite의 증착 공정은 One step deposition 방법이 사용되었으나, Layer의 thickness, uniformity 등을 조절하기 어려워 Sequential deposition 방법으로 개선되었다. 하지만 결과적으로 초기방법 대비 추가공정이 발생함에 따라 시간 및 비용의 증가가 불가피하였다. 제조단가 측면에서는 Perovskite 태양전지를 구성하는 재료 중 HTM(정공수송물질)을 구성하는 Spiro-MeOTAD의 비용이 가장 비싸다. 따라서 저비용 태양전지를 위해서는 HTM이 없는 구조가 필요하다. 이 페이퍼에서는 Perovskite 물질이 고흡광 능력 외에 충분한 전하수송능력을 보유한다는 점에 착안하여, Gas Pressure Assisted Modified One Step Deposition을 이용한 HTM Free Perovskite를 제작하고 기존의 Sequential Deposition Method 통해 만들어진 Perovskite 태양전지와 비교/분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.806-810
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• 2001

$La_{2/3}TiO_3$, $La_2Ti_2O_7$ are used in various parts by dielectric properties. The purpose of the present study is to understand the photoluminescence properties of $Al^{3+}\;and\;Pr^{3+}$ doped perovskite-type $La_{2/3}TiO_3$ and pyrochlore-type $La_2Ti_2O_7$ phosphor, which characterized by the red emission $(^1D_2{\rightarrow}^3H_4)\;of\;Pr^{3+}$ of $Pr^{3+}$ ion. The explanation for the energy transfer and the corresponding critical distance were proposed on the role of Al^3+ ions as energy transfer mediates in perovskite-type $La_{2/3}TiO_3$:Pr phosphor. In order to clarify the distinction of photoluminescence propoerties between the perovskite-type $La_{2/3}TiO_3$ and the pyrochlore $La_2Ti_2O_7$, the trap-involved process and the charge transfer band have been investigated.

• Prospectives of Industrial Chemistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2021

페로브스카이트(perovskite) 결정 구조를 갖는 물질은 매우 뛰어난 광학적, 전기적 특성을 갖고 있으므로, 최근 들어 태양전지, LED, 광검출기 등의 다양한 분야에서 기술적 한계를 극복할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 이러한 페로브스카이트 소재를 폭넓은 분야에서 실용적으로 활용하기 위해서는 소재 자체가 갖고 있는 뛰어난 특성을 지속할 수 있는 안정성이 향상된 기술의 접목이 무엇보다 절실히 필요한 실정이다. 본 기고문에서는 페로브스카이트 소재의 실용화를 앞당기기 위해 최근 활발히 연구가 진행되고 있는 페로브스카이트-고분자 복합소재 기술 개발 및 응용 분야에 대해 간략히 소개하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.248-256
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• 1992

This paper has reviewed some of the basic principles that underlie the field of defect chemistry in simple ATi$O_3$(A=Ca, Sr, Ba) perovskites. Frenkel defects in perovskite structure is very much unlikely, and Schottky defects and intrinsic electronic defects in undoped materials are negligibly small compared with background acceptor impurities. The electrical properties of perovskite ceramics are dependent on the aliovalent impurities. Since perovskite structure is a ternary system, the stoiohiometry between cations as well as cation-anion ratio will affect defect structure and electrical properties. BaTi$O_3$and SrTi$O_3$show a limited deviation from the cation stoichiometry while CaTi$O_3$has significant excess CaO and Ti$O_2$solubility.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.139-142
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• 2000

We present results based on FLAPW local spin density(LSD) calculations of double perovskite structure oxide L $a_2$MnFe $O_{6}$ . The total energy calculations with various spin structures show that this material has a stable ferromagnetic spin configuration. The ionic state of transition metals depend on the spin configuration $_Mn^{4+}$ and F $e^{2+}$ for ferromagnetic structure, M $n^{3+}$ and F $e^{3+}$ for ferrimagnetic structure). It is explained by super exchange interaction between transition metals. The calculated magnetic structure is well matched with recent experimental result.ult.t.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2001

티타늄과 산소의 함량이 서로 다른 4가지의 합성 페롭스카이트형(perovskite-type) 광물(($K_2$$La_2$$Ti_{n}$/$O_{2n+4}$, n=3, 4, 5, 6; 14/mcm, 14/mmm, I42 m)을 대상으로 리트벨트(Rietveld)구조분석법을 실시하여 결정구조를 밝히고 티타늄함량에 따른 층상형 구조를 연구하였다. 4가지 합성시료에 대하여 구조분석을 실시한결과 대표적인 페롭스카이트형 광물인 토소나이트(taustonite, $La_{1-x}$ //$K_{x}$ /$TiO_3$, x<0.4)가 주성분으로 나타났으며 토스나이트내에 12개의 산소를 배위하는 A자리 양이온은 자리점유율에 의해 $La^{3+}$ 와 $K^{+}$ /의 치환관계를 보여준다 공간군은 14/mcm, 단위포는 a=5.505(1)~5.510(1)$\AA$, c=7.793(1)~7.796(1)$\AA$ V=236.25~236.66 $\AA^3$ 범위의 값을 갖는다. 구조의 정밀도를 나타내는 R지수를 살펴보면 $R_{B}$ 값은 5.31~9.10 S(GofF)값은 0.86~1.24로 각각 계산되었다. 12배위를 하는 A자리 양이온인 란탄과 산소의 평균거리는 2.755$\AA$이고 6배위를 하는 B자리 양이온인 티타늄과 산소의 평균거리는 1.948 $\AA$의 결과를 얻었다. 합성된페롭스카이트형 광물의 층상구조가 알려져 있지 않아 시뮬레이션을 통해 구조모델을 결정하였으며 그결과 n=3인 R-38시료에서만 두 종류의 층상 페롭스카이트($La_2$$K_2$$Ti_3$$O_{10}$ ) 구조 (A-type: 14/mmm, a=3.8178 $\AA$, c=29.9189 $\AA$, V=436.04 $\AA^3$, B-type: 142 m, a =3.8376 $\AA$, c=28.023 $\AA$, V=412.6 $\AA^3$)가 존재함을 확인하였으나 다른 시료에서는 토소나이트, 금홍석 외에 새로운 합성광물로 제파이트의 존재를 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.697-702
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• 2011

The new layered perovskite manganites $La_{0.5}Sr_{1.5}Mn_{0.5}Cr_{0.5-x}Fe_xO_4$ (x=0.15, 0.3) have been prepared by standard ceramic method. The powder X-ray diffraction studies show that the phases crystallize with tetragonal unit cell in the space group I4/mmm. The electrical transport properties suggest that the phases show insulating behaviour and the electrical conduction in the phases occurs by a 3D variable range hopping mechanism. The magnetic properties suggest that both the phases are antiferromagnetic.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.86-91
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• 2005

The layered structure of organic-inorganic perovskite hybrids, $(C_nH_{2n+1}NH_3)_2CuC1_4$ (n = 6, 8, 10, 12) have synthesized. In $(C_nH_{2n+1}NH_3)_2CuC1_4$ compounds, the long-chain protonated alkylammonium ions as tilted bilayer type are inserted into perovskite-type layers of corner sharing $CuCl_6$ octahedron. Three solid phases have been characterized in the perovskite layered compound $(C_nH_{2n+1}NH_3)_2CuC1_4$ using HT-XRD and DSC. The $(C_nH_{2n+1}NH_3)_2CuC1_4$ compounds shows solid-solid phase transitions with stepwise increasing of the layer distance. Three different structures are explained by the conformational change of the long-chain protonated alkylammonium ions.