• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.649-663
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• 2014

In past few years, the use of bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation (biocementation) has become popular as a ground improvement technique for sandy soil. However, this technique was not applied to organic soil. This study focused on bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation and its effect on permeability in organic soil. A special injection system was prepared for inducing bacterial solution to the samples. The bacterial solution supplied to the samples by gravity for 4 days in specific molds designed for this work. Calcite precipitation was observed by monitoring pH value and measuring amount of calcium carbonate. Change in the permeability was measured before and after biocementation. The test results showed that the pH values indicates that the treatment medium is appropriate for calcite precipitation, and amount of precipitated calcium carbonate in organic soil increased about 20% from untreated one. It was also found that the biocementation can be considered as an effective method for reducing permeability of organic soil. The results were supported by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.482-488
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• 2017

The measurement based on reliable standard operating procedures (SOPs) is important for consistent information. The objective of this study is to investigate reliable SOPs of soil physical methods, including core method for bulk density, Yamanaka hardness, and air permeameter method for air permeability. The coefficients of variation in bulk density (core method), Yamanaka hardness, and air permeability were ranged of 1~6%, 8~13%, and 10~84%, respectively. The variation in situ measurement such as bulk density, hardness, and air permeability due to spatial variability at measuring site was larger due to the number of replicates, organic matter content, and soil texture. Nevertheless, air permeability had different values as different number of replicates, and thus, it is thought that more replicates can result in higher reliability. It suggested that investigation of soil physical properties for the target sites should required to consider about soil texture, organic matter content, and number of replications before measurement. In conclusion, core sampling for bulk density measurement in upland soil recommended to perform in 3 repetitions with 2 inch core, and 3 inch core sampling for higher organic matter content.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 1998

본 연구는 충남 금산군에 위치한 산화적지에서 산화후 개벌지역과 비개벌지역을 대상으로 산림식생의 존재여부가 산림토양의 이화학적 성질 변화로 인한 수저유능력에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 가비중, 공극율(조공극 및 세공극), 투수성, 통기성 및 유기물 함량을 비교 분석하였다. 주요 측정인자들에 의해 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 산화지역의 비개벌지 및 개벌지에서 토양 통기성과 투수성을 측정한 결과 비개벌지가 개벌지 보다 양호하였으며, 특히 산정보다는 산록부근에서 가장 큰 차이를 보였다. 또한 산화 뒤 2년이 경과된 후 가장 큰 변화가 나타난 부분은 표토 5∼15cm층이었다. 토양공극 분포는 비개벌지가 개벌지 보다 전공극, 조공극, 세공극이 높게 나타났으며, 토심이 증가함에 따라 전공극량과 조공극량은 감소하였다. 토양가비중은 비개벌지가 개벌지 보다 낮게 나타났으며, 토심이 증가할수록 높게 나타났다. 또한 산록>산복>산정 순으로 통기성, 투수성, 전공극 등이 동일하게 나타났다. 유기물함량은 비개벌지가 개벌지 보다 높았으며 토심이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 토심의 증가에 따라 토양가비중은 정의 상관관계를 나타냈고, 전공극량, 조공극, 통기성, 투수성 및 유기물함량은 부의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 산화적지에서 개벌에 따른 산림환경 변화는 토양의 물리성 및 화학성을 악화시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.239-253
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• 2022

Suitable techniques to stabilize organic soil and improve its engineering behaviour are in demand. Despite various alternatives, nano-additives proved to be an effective stabilizer owing to their strength enhancing properties. The study focuses on using nano-silica as a potential stabilizer to improve organic silt. Soil was treated with four dosages of nano-silica namely 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% of dry weight of the soil. Nano-silica treated soil showed a strength increase of nearly 25% at a dosage of 0.4% after curing for two hours. Strength of the treated soil improved with age. Strength improved by nearly 62.9% after 28 days of curing and 221.4% after 180 days of curing due to formation of Calcium - Silicate - Hydrate (CSH) gel in the soil matrix. Dosage of 0.6% nano-silica is observed to be the optimum dosage. Coefficient of permeability and compression index showed an increase by 13.32 and 5.5 times respectively owing to aggregation of particles and creation of void spaces as visualized from the scanning electron micrographs. Further model foundation study and numerical parametric studies using PLAXIS 2D indicate that optimized and economic results can be obtained by varying the additive dosage with depth.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.210-214
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• 2002

In this study, the coupled effect of electrokinetic and ultrasonic remediation technology was investigated for removing of heavy metal and organic matter at the same time. The laboratory tests were conducted using specially designed and fabricated electrokinetic and ultrasonic devices. The electrokinetic technique was applied to remove mainly the heavy metal and the ultrasonic technique was applied to remove mainly organic substance in contaminated soil. Diesel fuel and Cd were used as a surrogate contaminant for this test. A series of laboratory experiments involving electrokinetic and electrokinetic+ultrasonic flushing test were carried out. An increase in permeability and contaminant removal rate was observed in electrokinetic+ultrasonic flushing test.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide the fundamental material and information for the plant maintenance after rooftop planting through physiochemical characteristics. The characteristics of artificial soils after rooftop planting from 1993 to 1999 was investigated. Fourteen investigation areas were selected from 4 cities(2 areas selected by each year). The analysis of the circumstances of the areas, the physical characteristics, and the chemical characteristics of the soil were conducted. The artificial soil pH ranged 5.26∼7.40 showing that after construction the soil pH tended to decrease. The soil bulk density of the site was lowest in 1999, 0.15g/㎤, and used to increase toward 1993. We found the fact that the soil bulk density increased gradually after rooftop application . The coefficients of permeability of the soils range from 0.016 to 0.052 cm/sec, which seemed to be in good permeability level. The artificial soils had relatively high water moisture capacity of 62.69∼71.36%. The soil organic matter content of the artificial soils ranged from 0.43 to 1.34%. The exchangeable caution concentration in the artificial soil ranged, Na, 2.36∼4.71mg·{TEX}$kg^{-1}${/TEX}, Mg 0.88∼2.84mg·{TEX}$kg^{-1}${/TEX},K 2.97∼9.61 mg·{TEX}$kg^{-1}${/TEX}, and Ca 9.39∼28.23 mg·{TEX}$kg^{-1}${/TEX}. The amount of total N ranged from 0.003 to 0.286% in study sites. Soil chemical properties varied year to year and showed little tend. The research results showed that some characteristics of the artificial soil were changed after rooftop planting, i.e., soil pH and soil bulk density. Soil bulk density had a negative relationship with the coefficient of permeability, showing that the drainage condition might be limited after some period. This study suggests that a diversity of the research in the changes of the plant growth basis on the areas after construction.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2021

Peatland is distributed in China widely, and organic matters in soil frequently induce problems in the construction and maintenance of highway engineering due to the high permeability and compressibility. In this paper, a selected site of Dali-Lijiang expressway was surveyed in China. A numerical model was built to predict the settlement of the foundation of the selected section employing the soft soil creep (SSC) model in PLAXIS 8.2. The model was subsequently verified by the result of field observance. Consequently, the parameters of 17 types of soils from different regions in China with organic contents varying from 1.1-74.9% were assigned to the numerical model to study the settlement characteristics. The calculated results showed that the duration of primary consolidation and proportion of primary settlement in the total settlement decreased with increasing organic content. Two empirical equations, for total consolidation settlement and secondary settlement, were proposed using multiple linear regression based on the calculated results from the numerical models. The analysis results of the significances of certain soil parameters demonstrated that the natural compression index, secondary compression index, cohesion and friction angle have significant linear relevance with both the total settlement and secondary settlement, while the initial coefficient of permeability exerts significant influence on the secondary settlement only.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.137-140
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• 2003

This study presents a mathematical model for simulating the fate and transport of a reactive organic contaminant degraded through cometabolism in dual-porosity soils during the in situ bioaugmentations. To investigate the effect of dual-porosity on transport and biodegradation of organic hydrocarbons, a bimodal approach was incorporated into the model. Modified Monod kinetics and a microcolony concept [Molz et at., 1986〕 were employed to represent the effects of biodegrading microbes on the transport and biodegradation of an organic contaminant. The effect of permeability reduction due to biomass accumulation on the flow field were examined in the simulation of a hypothetical field-scale in situ bioaugmentation. Simulation results indicate that the presence of the immobile region can decrease the bioavailablity of biodegradable contaminants and that the placement of microbes and nutrients injection wells should be considered for an effective in situ bioaugmentation scheme.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.183-185
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• 2004

In this study, the combined electrokinetic and ultrasonic remediation technique, ultrasonically enhanced electrokinetic technique, was studied for the removal of heavy metal and organic substance in contaminated soils. The electrokinetic technique has been applied to remove mainly the heavy metal and the ultrasonic technique has been to remove mainly organic substance in contaminated soil. The laboratory soil flushing tests combined electrokinetic and ultrasonic technique were conducted using specially designed and fabricated devices to determine the effect of these both techniques. A series of laboratory experiments involving the simple, electrokinetic, ultrasonic, and electrokinetic & ultrasonic flushing test were carried out. A soil admixed with sand and kaolin was used as a test specimen, and Pb and ethylene glycol were used as contaminants of heavy metal and organic substance. An increase in out flow, permeability and contaminant removal rate was observed in electrokinetic and ultrasonic flushing tests. Some practical implications of these results are discussed in terms of technical feasibility of in situ implementation of electrokinetic ultrasonic remediation technique.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2013

식물의 추출물로 제조할 수 있는 유기산 재료는 포설 시 지중 속에서 미생물의 증식을 유도하며, 미생물에 의해 지반에서 압밀을 가속화시키고 빠르게 간극수압을 소산시킨다. 추가적으로 일부 미생물에 의해 탄산칼슘을 생성시켜 공극을 채워 강도를 증대시키거나 투수성을 감소시킬 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 유기산 재료의 지반개량 메커니즘 규명을 위하여 화강풍화토, 라테라이트성 적토에 유기산 재료 혼합 전 후의 강도와 투수시험을 실시하였으며, SEM, XRD로부터 원인을 규명하였다. 유기산 재료 혼합 후 재령 96일에서 강도는 약 1.5~2.5배 증가하였으며, 투수계수는 72.9~93.1%의 감소율을 보였다. SEM으로부터 흙 입자의 구조가 변하거나 공극이 감소한 것을 관찰하여 강도증대, 투수감소의 원인을 규명할 수 있었으며, XRD로부터 탄산칼슘의 생성도 고결화의 주된 요인이라고 결론내릴 수 있었다. 이에 본 유기산 재료는 친환경적으로 지반을 개량할 수 있는 공법으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.