• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.350-356
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• 1994

Purpose : Hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-99m-macroggregated albumin (HAPS) study was carried out in 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and in six patients without liver tumor to evaluate HAPS findings of hepatocellular carcinoma and usefullness of HAPS. Materials and Methods : HAPS with planar and SPECT study were performed in 22 patients after conventional hepatic or celiac arteriography. For HAPS study, 4-5 mCi of MAA mixed with 2ml of saline was injected into proper hepatic artery or its distal branches at the rate of approximately 1ml/sec. We analysed 21 HCCs over 2cm in diameter(average diameter; 6.4cm) and 17 of 21 HCCs were over 4cm in diameter(Table 1). CT, sonography and angiography were performed within two week in all 16 patients and liver scan was performed in 12 patients. Results : Three different pattern of tumor perfusion were observed in 16 patients with HCC (Table 2). 1) diffuse increased perfusion in 16 of 21(76%)(Fig. 1) 2) increased peripheral perfusion in 4 of 21(19%) (Fig. 2) 3) diffuse decreased perfusion in 1 of 21 (5%) Arteriovenous shunt indicated by lung uptake of MAA were observed in 9 of 16(56%)(Fig. 4). In contrast, angiography demonstrates arteriovenous shunt in 2 of 16(13%). There was no accumulation of radioactivity on RBC-blood pool scan in all six patients with HCC examined (Fig. 1). Conclusion : HAPS is useful study in evaluation of perfusion pattern or vascularity of HCC and in detection of arteriovenous shunt.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.211-213
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• 1988

Efforts from many different approaches have been made to cure Raynaud's phenomenon using dosal sympathectomy and topical injection of nitroglycerine, phentolamine or procaine and oral or parenteral administration of various drugs. However, there has been no successful management proven yet. In recent years, it was reported that intra-arterial adminstriation of various drugs in normal subjects as well as patients with Raynaud's syndrome, had emonstrated a significant increase in blood flow to the hands. We used an intermittent stellate ganglion block in conjunction with intra-arterial injection of reserpine and procaine in the patient suffering from finger necrosis caused by accidental intraarterial antibiotic (cephamezine) injection. The stellate ganglion block was performed via a paratracheal approach by injection of 0.5% bupivacaine 6 ml, and 1% lidocaine 6 ml, and followed by administration of reserpine 1 mg and procaine 50 mg through a butterfly needle inserted in the radial artery. The administration of reserpine and procaine was done twice. The stellate ganglion block was performed every day for about 3 days, then once every a 5 days as needed for 15 days. As the procedure was carried out, the discolored tissue improved and the pain was progressively relieved. In conclusion, it was suggested that the intra-arterial administration of reserpine and procaine helped initiate and accelerate the increasing blood flow to the hand and the stellate ganglion block continued to help revascularization by dilating the peripheral beds.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 1988

Effects from many different approaches have been made to cure Raynaud's phenomenon, such as a dorsal sympathectomy, topical injection of nitroglycerin, phentolamin and procaine, and oral or parentral administration of various drugs. However, there has been no successful management proven yet. In recent years, it was reported that intra-arterial administration ill normal subjects as well as patients with Raynaud's syndrome has demonstrated a significant rise in blood flow to the lands. We used intermittent stellate ganglion blocks in conjunction with intra-arterial injections of reserpine and procaine in 10 patients suffering from finder necrosis. The stellate ganglion block was performed in a paratracheal approach by injection of 1% lidocaine purposely mixed with adrenaline followed by the administration of reserpine 1 mg and procaine 50 mg through a butterfly needle inserted in the radial or brachial artery. The administration of reserpine and procaine was done only twice at intervals of 1 week because of the development of suspected arteriosclerosis. The stellate ganglion block was carried out once a week for about 3 months, then once a month as needed for 6 to 12 months. As the procedure was carried out and the necrotic tissue sloughed off, oozing appeared and new granulation tissue was observed. 5 out of 10 patients were healed completely and the rest improved considerably but were not followed to the end. We concluded that the intra-arterial administration of reserpine and procaine helped initiate and accelerate increasing blood flow to the hand and the stellate ganglion block continued to help revascularization by dilating the peripheral beds.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.775-786
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• 2004

Establishments of wholesale of recycling materials are located in the region where an amount of recyclable wastes generated as artery industry developed and the region of rather many population. And they are located not in underpopulated area as noxious facilities, but located in the non-residential area of many population regions in the whole country. Also, establishments of recycling of metal wastes and scrap, and non-metal wastes and scrap are mainly located in the peripheral region of metropolitan cities, regional centered cities, and adjacent regions of industrial area, because of high coefficient of localization, and agglomerated effects of production. The factor influencing the location of recycling industries is deeply connected with the location of wholesale of recycling materials, and thus, the transportation costs to carry recycling materials from supplied regions to plants are important but population is not so important.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 1997

The goal of this paper is that we know the usefulness of echo-planar imaging(EPI) for discriminate between hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and hemangioma. We get a time signal intensity curve for liver diseases from the dynamic contrast enhancement images and compared and analyze both the contrast ratio(CR) and the contrast to noise ratio(CNR) using echo planar imaging. The obtained results are follows : 1. Hepatocellular carcinoma was shown the best contrast after about 20 seconds when Is the earlist time in the main artery, and then reduced. The center where is disease was shown the characteristic that the best contrast is appeared after about 35-45 seconds and then slowly reduced. Liver parenchyma was shown the best contrast and reduced after 60 seconds. 2. The peripheral nodular of hemangioma was shown the better contrast soon. On the other hend, the contrast of center where is disease started to increase after 60 seconds and was equal to that of liver parenchyma. Increasing of the contrast continued after. 3. Turbo SE technic was used, the average of CR for hepatocellular carcinoma was $36.7{\pm}1.2$ and the average of CNR was $2.4{\pm}3.2$, while the average of CNR for hemangioma was $54.9{\pm}1.0$ and the average of CNR was $9.7{\pm}1.3$. 4. EPI technic was used, the average of CR for hepatocellular carcinoma was $47.8{\pm}1.2$ and the average of CNR was $3.4{\pm}2.1$, while the average of CNR for hemangioma was $75.7{\pm}2.2$ and the average of CNR was $9.5{\pm}1.1$. According to above we can find that hemangioma is more bright than hepatocellular carcinoma and the difference of brightness between hepatocellular carcinoma and hemangioma is useful sequence.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 1996

Endotoxic shock causes death in humans and animals via extreme hypoperfusion of peripheral organs. A massive production of nitric oxide (NO) both from the endothelical cells and smooth muscle cells has been proposed as a possible mechanism in this process. Since NO attenuated the contractility to vasoconstricting agents such as norepinephrine (NE) by directly acting on the smooth muscle cells, this mechanism was considered mainly as a postsynaptic mechanism. In this research it was investigated whether NO, thus released, also participates in the presynaptic events for the regulation of vascular tone in endotoxic shock. The role of NO was studied by adding NO donors or NO synthase inhibitor $N^\omega $methyl-L-arginine (NMA) in stimulated sympathetic nerves of the mesenteric vascular bed and the Langendorff heart of rats. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, reduced the pressor responses of isolated mesenteric artery either to electrical stimulation or exogenously administered phenylephrine (PE). In this mesentery, although neither agent influenced NE release, in the presence of the adrenergic $\alpha_2$-receptor antagonist yohimbine, elecrical stimulation-evoked NE release was augumented by SNP. In the heart SNP facilitated the NE release induced by electrical stimulation, while NMA had no effect. From these results it is proposed that there exists a local reflex phenomenon in the junction between the sympathetic nerve terminals and the smooth muscle of resistance blood vessels; by which sympathetic responses are reduced by NO at the postjunctional level while NO facilitates NE release contributing to augumentation of sympathetic tone. All these facts suggest that NO produced during endotoxic shock has dual effects: whereas NO blunts the vasoconstrictive activity of NE at the postsynaptic level, NO presynaptically facilitates the release of NE from sympathetic nerve terminals.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2021

Purpose: The present study aimed to develop guidelines regarding initial choice of antibiotics for diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) by investigating bacterial isolates. Materials and Methods: This study included 223 DFU patients that visited a single tertiary hospital and underwent bacterial culture between January 2016 and February 2020. The study was conducted in two parts: 1) to compare bacterial isolates and wound healing according to comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD), and 2) to compare bacterial isolates according to wound depth using the Wagner classification. Results: Of the 223 patients, 43 had CKD (group A), 56 had PAD (group B), 30 had CKD and PAD (group C), and 94 had none of these comorbidities (group D). The isolation rate for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MRGNB) and gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria ratio were highest in group C (p=0.018, p=0.038), and the proportion that achieved wound healing was lowest in group C (p<0.001). In the second part of the study, subjects were classified into 5 grades by wound depth using the Wagner classification; 13 grade I, 62 grade II, 60 grade III, 70 grade IV, and 17 grade V. No significant difference was observed between these grades in terms of isolation rates or gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria ratios. Conclusion: This study suggests antibiotics that cover gram-negative bacteria including MRGNB produces better results in the presence of CKD and PAD and that initial antibiotic choice should be based on the presence of CKD and PAD rather than wound depth.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2022

Peptides are gaining substantial attention as therapeutics for human diseases. However, they have limitations such as low bioavailability and poor pharmacokinetics. Periostin, a matricellular protein, can stimulate the repair of ischemic tissues by promoting angiogenesis. We have previously reported that a novel angiogenic peptide (amino acids 142-151) is responsible for the pro-angiogenic activity of periostin. To improve the in vivo delivery efficiency of periostin peptide (PP), we used proteins self-assembled into a hollow cage-like structure as a drug delivery nanoplatform in the present study. The periostin peptide was genetically inserted into lumazine synthase (isolated from Aquifex aeolicus) consisting of 60 identical subunits with an icosahedral capsid architecture. The periostin peptide-bearing lumazine synthase protein cage nanoparticle with 60 periostin peptides multivalently displayed was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Next, we examined angiogenic activities of this periostin peptide-bearing lumazine synthase protein cage nanoparticle. AaLS-periostin peptide (AaLS-PP), but not AaLS, promoted migration, proliferation, and tube formation of human endothelial colony-forming cells in vitro. Intramuscular injection of PP and AaLS-PP increased blood perfusion and attenuated severe limb loss in the ischemic hindlimb. However, AaLS did not increase blood perfusion or alleviate tissue necrosis. Moreover, in vivo administration of AaLS-PP, but not AaLS, stimulated angiogenesis in the ischemic hindlimb. These results suggest that AaLS is a highly useful nanoplatform for delivering pro-angiogenic peptides such as PP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.3
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• pp.500-511
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• 2021

The prevalence of lower extremity disease is increasing with age. With recent technological advancements, endovascular treatment is being performed more frequently. The treatment goal of intermittent claudication is to improve walking and reduce claudication. To achieve these goals, anatomical durability and patency are important. In patients with critical limb ischemia, the lesions are diffuse and particularly severe in below-the-knee arteries. The treatment goal of critical limb ischemia is to promote wound healing and to prevent major amputation, which is evaluated by the limb salvage rate. Primary stenting using covered or bare metal stents is a widely accepted endovascular treatment. While drug-eluting technologies with or without atherectomy are widely used in the treatment of femoropopliteal disease, balloon angioplasty is the mainstay treatment for below-the-knee intervention. CT angiography provides a road map for planning endovascular treatment in patients without absolute contraindications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.2
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• pp.447-454
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• 2021

The authors report a successful thrombectomy using the AngioJet Rheolytic Thrombectomy System (AngioJet) and an embolic protection device in a patient with femorofemoral bypass graft occlusion. Lower extremity CT angiograms showed occlusion in the left-to-right femorofemoral bypass graft. A rheolytic thrombectomy using the AngioJet and balloon angioplasty restored blood flow to the right lower extremity, and distal embolization may be effectively prevented by placing an embolic protection device within the right superficial femoral artery during the procedure.