• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.433-438
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• 1997

This study has done to show the analysis and ressult of their recovery in 35 cases of peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve. The research was from Jan. 1, 1994 to Dec. 31, 1996 at Ulsan Dong Kang Hospital. The results were as follows ; 1. There were 19 males(54.3%) and 16 females(45.7%). Age distribution of patients showed above 20 years old in 31 patients(88.6%). 2. 18 cases(51.4%) were on the right and 17 cases(48.6%) on the left side. 3. Unknown of etiology was 23 cases(65.7%). 4. Grade of injury was zero in 21 cases(60.0%), trace in 8 cases(22.9%). 5. The period of treatment was $2{\sim}3$ weeks in 23 cases(65.7%), $1{\sim}2$ months in 3 cases(8.6%). 6. On electromyography facial nerve action potential amplitude was above 1.0 mv in 22 patients(62.9 %) after treatment. Facial nerve conduction latency using orbicularis oris was below 6.0 msec in 23 patients(65.7%) after treatment. 7. Recovery of patient was normal in 25 cases(71.5%) and fair in 10 cases(28.5%).

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

The facial nerve stimulates the muscles of facial expression and the parasympathetic nerves of the face. Consequently, facial nerve paralysis can lead to facial asymmetry, deformation, and functional impairment. Facial nerve palsy is most commonly idiopathic, as with Bell palsy, but it can also result from a tumor or trauma. In this article, we discuss traumatic facial nerve injury. To identify the cause of the injury, it is important to first determine its location. The location and extent of the damage inform the treatment method, with options including primary repair, nerve graft, cross-face nerve graft, nerve crossover, and muscle transfer. Intracranial proximal facial nerve injuries present a challenge to surgical approaches due to the complexity of the temporal bone. Surgical intervention in these cases requires a collaborative approach between neurosurgery and otolaryngology, and nerve repair or grafting is difficult. This article describes the treatment of peripheral facial nerve injury. Primary repair generally offers the best prognosis. If primary repair is not feasible within 6 months of injury, nerve grafting should be attempted, and if more than 12 months have elapsed, functional muscle transfer should be performed. If the affected nerve cannot be utilized at that time, the contralateral facial nerve, ipsilateral masseter nerve, or hypoglossal nerve can serve as the donor nerve. Other accompanying symptoms, such as lagophthalmos or midface ptosis, must also be considered for the successful treatment of facial nerve injury.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2023

This study aimed to report the effect of moving cupping therapy (MCT) on peripheral facial palsy (PFP). Four patients with PFP treated with MCT combined with integrative Korean medicine treatment (KMT). Patients were hospitalized for < 17 days. House-Brackmann Grading System (HBGS), Yanagihara grading score (Y-score), and Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SBGS) were used to assess the changes during treatment periods, and facial photos were taken at admission, interim, and discharge. Facial paralysis symptoms and HBGS grades improved in all patients (Patient 1: HBGS of IV to II; Patient 2: HBGS of V to III; Patient 3: HBGS of IV to II; Patient 4: HBGS of IV to II) following an average of 14.5 days of treatment. The mean (± standard deviation) Y-scores and SBGS scores also increased (Δ[Y-score]: 13.75 ± 3.50 and Δ[SBGS]: 40.00 ± 13.11) from baseline to end of treatment. These findings suggest the clinical effectiveness of MCT combined with integrative KMT in treating patients with PFP.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.209-223
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• 2007

Objectives : Facial Nerve Paralysis is one kind of common diseases and it can be treated by natural therapy and the efficiency of treatment is relatively high. In clinical trial, it is not difficult to find patients who were not completely recovered from Facial Nerve Paralysis, so the symptoms are fixed permanently. This leads many doctors and patients to have interests in the progress and prognosis of the disease, so this study was to analyze clinical prognosis factors and verify the effects of Electrodiagnostic Test. Methods : The 378 subjects were chosen from 987 patients who were suffering from Peripheral Facial Palsy, diagnosed with Bell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt Syndrome and had admission treatment. They got Oriental-Western Medicine Treatment within two weeks after outbreaks of the disease and treated at least over 3 weeks using Oriental-Western Medicine Treatment. Results : 1. There was a significant difference in the results of treatment according to gender, age, types of Facial Palsy, existence of Post Auricular Pain, existence of Labyrinth Symptom, HBGS, and existence of onsets of recovery as clinical prognosis factors of Peripheral Facial Palsy, However, a statistically significant difference was not shown in the results of treatment according to the position of Facial Palsy(left or right), existence of a relapse, and diabetes, hypertension. 2. As a result of overall treatment, 77.2% of patients were recovered almost entirely and 22.8% were not, and the quelae of incomplete recovery were Synkinesis, facial contracture, facial spasm, crocodile tears and scheroma in order of frequency. 3. The results of electrodiagnostic test represented useful correlation to predict the final effects of treatment. Conclusion : Based on the above results, the prognosis factors, the degree of recovery, and the sequelae of incomplete recovery were analysed and the effects of electrodiagnostic test was verified.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 1992

Involvement of the facial nerve(herpes zoster oticus, Ramsay Hunt Syndrome) is a rather common clinical syndrome. It begins with unilateral ear pain, followed shortly by a peripheral facial palsy. Paresis or paralysis may affect the muscles of facial expression, which also close the eyelids. The levator palpebrae which is innervated by the 5th cranial nerve is spared, so the eye may remain open. The rash is usually confined to the tympanic membrane and the external auditory canal. It may spread to involve the outer surface of the lobe of the ear, anterior pillar or the fauces and mastoid. There also may be a loss of taste in the anterior two thirds of tongue. At time, the auditory nerve involvement produces tinnitus, deafness and vertigo. The 5th, 8th and 10th nerves and even the upper cervical spinal nerve can be involved presumedly on the base of spread of the infective process along anastomotic connections between the facial nerve. The facial paralysis is identical to that of Bells palsy. Frequently the recovery of facial nerve function is incomplete, leaving the patient with some residual facial weak ness. We experienced 2 cases of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. The first patients, 55 year old male, visited our pain clinic on the day when his left facial nerve start to paralyze. We injected 6 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine into his left stellate ganglion 15 times. TENS was also applicated simultaneously. His facial paralysis was recovered completely 3 weeks after treatment without any complications. Another one, 53 year old male, visited us 7 weeks after onset of facial paralysis. He has been treated conventional oriental method(acupuncture, massage, warm application, etc). But the degree of his left facial paralysis didn't improve at all He has been treating with SGB 50 times and TENS for 2 months. Temporal and zygomatic branch of his left facial nerve recovered nearly completely but buccal and mandibular branch did not recover completely. We are willing to insist on the early treatment is the best choice in managing of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2001

Background : Bell's palsy(BP) is defined as an idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis of sudden onset and account more than 50% of facial paralysis. It's etiology is unclear, but herpes simplex virus type-1(HSV-1) has been the most suspicious causative agent of BP that ever been studied. We evaluated the effect of add-on acyclovir in acute stage of BP. Methods : Subject consisted of 35 patients who developed acute idiopathic unilateral facial nerve palsy(16 men and 19 women with age 9-78 years old). The treatments were started within 10 days after onset of BP. Facial nerve function was assessed by the House-Brackman facial nerve grading scale and facial nerve conduction study including blink reflex. Follow-up evaluation were made 2 month after onset. Twenty of 35 patients were treated with combined therapy of acyclovir and prednisone. As a control group, 15 patients were treated with prednisone only. We compared the improvement of neurologic defects at recovery phase. Results : Compared with two groups, difference in grading scale at recovery phase is statistically significant(p<0.01). So, acyclovir-prednisone group showed a significant improvement in grading scale at recovery phase compared with prednisone group. Conclusion : We identified the benefits of add-on acyclovir in the acute stage of BP.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Jung-an acupuncture on Bell's palsy(peripheral facial paralysis) patients. Methods : We investigated 24 cases of patients with peripheral facial paralysis. The patients were divided into two groups. Both Group A, B were treated with general acupuncture and Group A was added to treatment with Jung-an acupuncture. We evaluated the treatment effect of each group three times by using Yanagihara's unweighted grading system. Results : As a result of evaluation by using Yanagihara score, they were not significant scores between two groups after treatment. Conclusions : Jung-an acupuncture and general Acupuncture has significant effect on acute(before 4 weeeks at onset) Bell's palsy. But there is no statistical significance in Jung-an acupuncture on acute phase(within 4 weeks of onset).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.101-109
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to compare effects of scalp acupuncture with usual acupuncture on peripheral facial palsy in comparison with usual acupuncture only. Methods : We investigated 40 cases of patients with peripheral facial palsy, and devided patients into two groups: We treated one group by scalp acupuncture with usual acupuncture and did the other group by usual acupuncture only. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment applied for two groups, we used Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann(H-B grade), Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System(Y system). Results : 1. In H-B grade group B(common acupuncture therapy and scalp acupuncture)'s score was reduced than group A(common acupuncture therapy), but there was no statistical significance. 2. In Y-system group B was higher than group A, but there was no statistical significance. Conclusions : There was no stastical significance between two groups : treated by scalp acupuncture with usual acupuncture and usual acupuncture therapy only, on peripheral facial palsy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.8-20
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacopuncture in the treatment of acute peripheral facial paralysis (APFP) through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the clinical evidence for pharmacopuncture as a treatment for PFP. Methods: Literature was searched using databases. The search terms used were "pharmacopuncture," "sweet BV," "apipuncture," "apitoxin," "injection acupuncture," and "herbal acupuncture" in English and "bongchim," "bongyakchim," and "yakchim" in Korean. The RevMan 5.2 program was used for meta-analysis. Results: In all, 1902 studies were screened and the full texts of 219 articles were reviewed. Of these, nine studies were included in the systematic review and nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Treatments utilizing bee venom, sweet bee venom (SBV), Soyeom, Calculus Bovis Fel Ursi Moschus (BUM), Hominis Placenta, and Suseunghwagang (SSHG) were observed in nine RCTs. In the forest plot, the diamond favors the PA treatment against the control treatment. (95% CI: 0.34 [0.08, 0.60], Z = 2.57, P = 0.01), which Our meta-analysis in RevMan 5.2 confirmed the significant efficacy of PA in treating APFP. Conclusion: Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that treatments using Soyeom, bee venom, and BUM are effective in APFP and they reduce the duration of postauricular pain occurring at the acute stage of APFP. However, due to small effect size, further investigation is needed.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.7-10
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• 2013

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the evidence available in the literature for the safety and efficacy of Dioscoreae Rhizoma (DR) for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy. Methods: Literature searches were performed in MEDLINE and three Korean medical databases up to April 2013. All studies evaluating the effects on peripheral neuropathy or the safety of DR monopreparations were considered. Results: Three studies - DR extract per os (po) on diabetic neuropathy in mice, DR extract injection on the peripheral sciatic nerve after crush injury in rats and DR extract injection to patients with peripheral facial paralysis proved that DR treatments were effective for the treatment of nerve injuries. Conclusions: In conclusion, we found the DR has a strong positive potential for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy, but studies addressing direct factors related to the nerve still remain insufficient.