• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.375-381
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• 2009

Purpose: Root resection can be a valuable procedure when the tooth in question has a high strategic value. The prognosis of root resection has been well documented in previous studies, but the results focused on the palatal root resection have not been discussed in depth. I represent here the short term effectiveness of palatal root resection of maxillary first molars. Methods: Palatal root resection was performed on maxillary first molars of three patients. All the palatal roots were floating state on the radiographic finding and showed full probing depth and purulent exudation at initial examination. Reduction of palatal cusp and occlusal table was performed concomitantly. Endodontic therapy was completed after root resection. Results: Compromised maxillary first molars were treated successfully by palatal root resection in 3 cases. The mobility of resected tooth was decreased a little bit. The probing pocket depth of remaining buccal roots was not increased compared to initial depth. All the patients satisfied with comfort and cost effective results and the fact they could save their natural teeth. Conclusions: Within the above results, palatal root resection is an effective procedure treating compromised maxillary first molar showing advanced palatal bone loss to root apex with or without pulp involvement when proper case selection is performed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1978

A total of 200 patients, ranging in age from 20 to 60 years, were selected for the study. Each had at least one tooth which was restored with complete cast gold crown and a nonrestored contralateral tooth with no clinical evidence of caries and periodontal disease. The gingival tissues adjacent to the crowned and nonrestored teeth were examined to determine the evaluation of the severity of inflammation and probed to determine individual pocket depth. The findings are listed here. 1. The average sulcus bleeding index of the gingival tissues adjacent to crowned teeth was 1.99. The average sulcus bleeding index of the gingival tissues adjacent to nonrestored teeth was 0.67. 2. The average gingival sulcus depth adjacent to crowned teeth was 2.19mm. The average gingival sulcus depth adjacent to non restored teeth was 1.68mm. 3. No difference could be found between the average gingival sulcus bleeding index and average gingival sulcus depth of male and those of female. 4. The difference between sulcus bleeding index of the gingival tissues adjacent to crowned teeth and sulcus bleeding index of the gingival tissues adjacent to nonrestored teeth increased with increased age of the cast crown.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.411-421
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of polycaprolactone strip with minocycline on the periodontal pocket in humans and the various clinical parameters in rapidly progressive periodontitis. Nine patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis were selected for the study. They had not taken antibiotics for 6 months and had no history of dental treatment for 6 months before the study. They were in good general health. By the split-mouth method, patients received a supragingival scaling, experimental group (9sites) were subjected to subgingival placement of polycaprolactone strips(1 strip) containg 30% minocyclne and control group (9 site) were subjected to subgingival placement of not polycaprolactone strips(1 strip) containing 30 A Minocycline. Strips were replaced with freshly filled ones at 1 week and 2 week. All strips were removed from pockets at 3 week Clinical examination (plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth) and distribution on the bacteria morphology of subgingival plaque were monitored on baseline (0 week), 1, week, 2 week, 4 week and 8 week. The result were as follows : 1. Plaque index in experimental group was not significantly reduced during all weeks(P<0.05), but slightly reduced at 2, 4 and 8 weeks and that in control group was not significantly reduced during monitoring period. 2. Probing pocket depth was significantly reduced at 2, 4 and 8 weeks(P<0.05) in experimental group, but that in control group was not siginificantly changed during monitoring period. 3. Gingival index was significantly improved at 2, 4 and 8 weeks(P<0.05) in experimental group but that in control group was not significantly changed. 4. Percentage of cocci was significantly increased at 2, 4 and 8 weeks in experimental group but that in control group was not significantly changed. 5. Percentage of non-motile rods in both group were not significantly changed when compared with those of baseline(0 week) (P<0.05). 6. Percentage of motile rods was siginificantly reduced at 1, 2 and 4 weeks in experimental group (p<0.05) but that in control group was not significantly changed. 7. Percentage of spirochetes was siginificantly reduced during all weeks(P<0.05) but that in control group was not significantly changed. The result showed that polycaprolactone containing 30% minocycline effect the clinical index and bacterial morphotype.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2023

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with dysbiosis of the oral microbiota. The aim of the present clinical study was to explore the adjunctive effect of ozonized water irrigation in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers for the full-mouth decontamination of patients with periodontitis Stage I or II. Methods: The study was a randomized, single-blinded, parallel-group clinical trial. The test group (n=25) was treated with ultrasonic scalers irrigated with ozonized water, whereas the control group (n=25) received normal tap water irrigation within the ultrasonic scalers used during the professional mechanical debridement. Full mouth plaque score, bleeding score, probing pocket depth, and the gingival index were evaluated at baseline, two, and 4 weeks after treatment. The pain perceived and dental anxiety were also assessed after treatment by means of the visual analog scale (VAS). Results: All periodontal parameters resulted in significant improvement for both study groups. The effect of the treatment group on the gingival index was significant, in particular, patients in the test group experienced a greater reduction in this score. No significant differences could be observed with regards to the average probing depth, full mouth plaque index and bleeding score. Patients treated with ozonized water running in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers displayed also lower scores for pain and dental anxiety. Conclusion: The present study showed a significant clinical effect on gingival inflammation attributable to adjunctive ozone irrigation during nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Further studies, including patients with severe periodontitis and greater sample sizes, are recommended to test the clinical effect of ozonized water in the circuits of ultrasonic scalers.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.257-269
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• 2001

Removal of subgingival calculus is essential for the success in periodontal treatment. Subgingival instrumentation is used for the removal of all bacterial plaque and calculus. In this study, Gracey curet and Ultrasonic curet were used on single rooted teeth to conduct subgingval scaling and root planning. The remaining amount of calculus was evaluated according to type of instrument, depth of pocket, and tooth surface. 24 teeth were extracted from 14 patients being treated at department Periodontology Seoul Advantist dental hospital were used. Total 96 area(4 surface per teeth) were evaluated. 12 teeth treated with Gracey curet were used as the control group and the other 12 teeth treated with Ultrasonic curet were examined for experimental group. The 4 surface of the teeth(buccal, mesial, lingual or palatal, distal) were observed through the stereomicroscope and the images of the surface were captured and saved in CCD. The images were displayed on the monitor and the amount of calculus remained was evaluated by overlapping $10{\times}10$ grid pixel screen produced by Microsoft power point. The results evaluated were as follows 1. There was no statistically significant difference in residual calculus and tooth position following scaling and root planning of all group, but statistically significant correlation with residual calculus, probing depth, instruments and tooth surface. 2. There was statistically significant correlation between residual calculus and probing depth, but no statistically significant difference in residual calculus, tooth surface and tooth position on experimental(Ultrasonic curet) group. 3. There was no statistically significant difference in residual calculus according to the pre-treatment pocket depth and tooth position, but statistically significant correlation with tooth surface. The amount of residual calculus increase with mesial, distal, buccal and lingual(or palatal) surface on control(Gracey curet) group. 4. The Gracey showed better results than ultrasonic curet in mesial and distal surface, and there is significant difference. The results demonstrate that ultrasonic curet alone is inadequate for thorough subgingival debridement and suggest that Ultrasonic curet with Gracey curet should be more effective.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.395-405
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of smoking on the clinical, radiographic outcome of surgical peridontal therapy. The outcome of periodontal surgery was evaluated in 51 systemically healthy subjects that had received maintenance care. The study subject consisted of 26 smokers and 25 non-smokers. The average age of smoking patients was 51 years old and non-smoking patients was 48 years old. Changes of probing pocket depth(PPD) and radiographic bone height, and number of missing teeth compared between smokers and non-smokers during maintenance period after surgical therapy. The clinical parameters were less favorable in the smoking group compared with non-smoking group. The number and percentage of missing teeth were greater in smokers(21.6%) than non-smokers(l2.4%), especially in molars. The mean presurgery PPD was similar in smokers and non-smokers, molars and premolars, but significantly decreased at least 2 years after surgery. The mean PPD reduction was significantly greater in non-smokers than smokers. Both in the smoking and non-smoking group, the mean PPD reduction was significantly greater in premolars than molars. The radiographical evaluation was also less favorable in the smoking group than non-smoking group. The radiographic evaluation of bone height in smokers showed bone loss. On the contrary, bone height of non-smokers showed bone gain during the period of maintenance. But there was no significant difference between molars and premolars. The clinical and radiographic outcomes of the smoking group was less favorable than those of the non-smoking group. Therefore , smoking seems to influence on the clinical and radiographic outcomes of surgical periodontal therapy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

Ingredient analysis and the medical action of various teas are accomplished on multi angle. However, the research regarding the prevention and a treatment of oral cavity disease, which use the green tea, is still insufficient relatively. In this experiment, the virtue of green tea bag on periodontal disease was studied. This experiment was used in 11 beagles. As a test group, 6 beagles were rinsed their tooth with green tea bag. The remaining 5 beagles were rinsed with filter paper which was soaked with normal saline. The test found no statistical significance in gingival index, plaque index, calculus index and dental pocket depth. But the number of bacteria colonies decreased significantly in test groups. The periodontal disease is related to the number of bacterial colonies. Therefore, this results show that the green tea bag is effective for periodontal disease.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2014

Purpose: Host modulatory therapy has been proposed as a treatment for periodontal diseases. A class of herbal medicines, known to be immunomodulators, alters the activity of immune function through the regulation of informational molecules such as cytokines. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that herbal immunomodulator drugs act as an adjuvant to scaling and root planing (SRP) in alleviating periodontal inflammation by improving clinical and biochemical parameters. Methods: Sixty healthy subjects (30 in each group) with moderate and severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, double-masked randomised controlled trial. The control group was treated with SRP and a placebo, whereas the test group was treated with SRP followed by dietary supplementation of Septilin for 3 weeks. Periodontal clinical parameters and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated for all patients at the baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks. Results: Improved gingival index scores found in the test group as compared to the control group were found to be statistically significant only after 3 weeks (P<0.001). In contrast, the decrease in the sulcus bleeding index and pocket depth scores was statistically highly significant in the test group as compared to the control group after 3 weeks and 6 weeks (P<0.001). However, reduced clinical attachment level and CRP scores, as reflected in the test group as compared to the control group, were not found to be statistically significant after both 3 weeks (P>0.05) and 6 weeks (P>0.05). Conclusions: The results of this clinical-biochemical study suggest that dietary supplementation with herbal immunomodulatory agents may be a promising adjunct to SRP and may aid in improving periodontal treatment outcomes.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.179-189
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• 1997

Teeth mobility is an important part of a periodontal examination, because it represents a function of the persisting height of the alveolar bone and the width of the periodontal ligament. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical difference in teeth mobility after treatment with the modified Widman flap and the undisplaced flap in humans. Twenty males with moderate periodontal disease were selected. The severity of periodontal disease was evaluated with sulcular bleeding index, pocket depth and attachment level and tooth mobility was measured with Periotest(Siemens Co., Germany) at the initial examination, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks following the modified Widman flap and the undisplaced flap operation using the split-mouth technique. The relation of mobility to clinical parameters was statistically analyzed by multiple regression and the change of teeth mobility according to healing process by independent t-test using SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. There was a strong relationship between the Periotest value(PTV) and attachment level. 2. The change of teeth mobility in both flap procedures was increased significantly at 1 week post-op. and was decreased to preoperative level at 4 weeks post-op, in modified Widman flap and at 6 weeks post-op. in undisplaced flap. 3. The change of teeth mobility in premolar teeth group in undisplaced flap compared to modified Widman flap was generally increased but these changes were not statistically significant. The changes of teeth mobility in molar teeth group in undisplaced flap was increased significantly at 2 weeks post-op.. 4. The change of teeth mobility following undisplaced flap was increased significantly compared to that of modified Widman flap at 2 weeks post-op.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.409-421
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and bacterial load of 6 main periodontal pathogens between pairs of periodontal patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans genotypes were also investigated. Methods: Twenty patients affected by chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes were retrospectively selected and matched to 20 patients without diabetes on the basis of the degree and severity of periodontal disease. Microbiological data of subgingival biofilms were analysed and compared for the examined pathogens: A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Tannerella forsythia. Results: The pairs were balanced in terms of demographic and clinical parameters, except for bleeding on probing and suppuration. In the microbiological test sites (4 for each patient), the mean probing pocket depth was 6.34±1.63 mm in patients with diabetes and 6.41±1.78 mm in patients without diabetes. No significant difference between pairs in the prevalence of P. gingivalis or the distribution of its genotypes was recorded. Patients with diabetes had a significantly greater amount of total bacterial load, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, and F. nucleatum (P<0.05). Moreover, patients with diabetes had a higher number of sites with a greater cell count than patients without diabetes. When compared to the total bacterial load, only T. forsythia maintained its relative load in patients with diabetes (P=0.001). Conclusions: This retrospective matched study supports the hypothesis that microbiological differences exist among periodontal patients with and without diabetes mellitus.