• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.70-83
• /
• 2004

The female image has been changed incessantly with age and has been eminently represented in cosmetic advertisement. The female images are changed from the classical images to the active and professional images with the historical current of cyber, digital, and fusion. These changes in the expression of female image are largely due to the spread of post-modernism, feminism, de-construction (Kim, 1994), digital information revolution, and increase of income. The female images in cosmetic advertisement have been expressed very variously with fashion, marketing target, and characteristics of articles. (Im, 1997) The cosmetic advertisements of pure and graceful images were popular in the past. But nowadays individual image, womanly image, and unchanged beautiful image are in vogue. Individual image is very popular in young generation with very short fashion period. Active career woman image represents passion and beauty with extension of women' social roles. Unchanged beautiful image in modern industrial pollution stands for the desire of keeping the beauty in youth. Brand is very important factor to consumers in purchasing. Brand is no larger the simple concept in the past, and accepted as reflection of the image, social status, service, and life-style(Lee, 1998) consumers are very favorable to foreign cosmetics with the increase of overseas travels and import. This phenomenon is considered as very natural, especially in young generation. To create a successful brand image, the harmony of quality, psychological preference, advertisement, and reasonable price are required. According to the questionnaire research implemented by the subject of college women students in five universities in Seoul, the majority of college women students purchase domestic cosmetic brands in cosmetic specialty stores and depend on the tips of acquaintances. Quality, skin-trouble, and brand are considered as special regards for purchasing. Especially, internet shopping in purchasing marks high growth rate and preference for foreign cosmetics is very ardent. It can be expected that the 21st century is the epoch of various small production different from the mass-production in the 20th century. Female image will be probably expressed with individual, emotional, and professional image in the media of digital, fusion, cyber, and technology culture. It can be said that the tendency of cosmetic purchasing in the future will be more focused on brand image and life style.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 2001

To investigate the physiological responses to naturally occurring winter freezing stress in creeping bentgrass, changes in carbohydrates were monitored during winter period. Turf quality and leaf growth was nearly parallel with temperature fluctuation. The concentration of glucose, fructose and sucrose in both shoot and root gradually increased from November to January, and then sharply decreased until April. Sucrose was the largest pool of soluble sugars. Fructan also slightly accumulated in both shoot and roots from November to February. Fructan hydrolysis in both organs was found to be much active between February to April. Shoot contained largely higher carbohydrate content in all compounds examined than roots did. Fructan was found to be a main carbohydrate storage form, showing the highest concentration (176.7 and 126.7 mg g-' DW for shoot and root in February). The depolymerization of fructan from February coincided with the high declines in mono- and disaccharide. These results suggest that the accumulation of non-structural carbohydrate until January could be associated with freezing tolerance, and the active decrease from February with shoot regrowth.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제21권11호
• /
• pp.179-192
• /
• 2021

인간이 외부 환경으로부터 일련의 식별과 적응 단계를 거치는 것은 생존과 깊은 관련이 있으며, 육체적 정신적 발달 과정은 각 성장기의 과제를 가지고 있다. 특히 영유아는 주변 환경에서 다양한 정보를 받아들이며 균형 잡힌 행동과 사고를 개발하는 가장 활동적인 시기이다. 따라서, 영유아의 발달을 지원하는 공간은 다양한 감각과 경험을 제공하는 공간으로 미적, 기능적 역할을 넘는 의미 있는 환경으로 조성되어야 하며 이를 위해 자연광 유입의 적극적인 도입은 필수적이다. 이에 본 연구는 첫째, 영유아 발달과 '빛 환경'의 개념을 이해하고, 필요성을 분석하였다. 둘째, 자연광이 영유아에게 기능하는 관계성을 파악하였다. 셋째, 파악 된 기능이 어떻게 활용될 수 있는지 우수 건축가의 연출을 분석하여 공간에 적용되는 자연광 유입의 특성을 도출하였고 이를 바탕으로 어린이집 현황을 분석하여 '자연광 도입'의 필요성과 방향성을 논의하였다.

• 한국비블리아학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.103-127
• /
• 1980

Due to the rapid growth of publications, librarians have been facing the problems caused by the shortage of stack as well as the quality deterioration of library collections. This naturally disappointed the user communities and the present library activities are weak and inadequate. It seems to the author that one of the desirable actions in remedying this problems is to weed library collections properly and regulraly. The purpose of this study is to establish weeding criteria in library collections, particulary in the fields of polictical science, economics and law In order to establish weeding criteria, shelf-time period which is the length of time that a book remains on the shelf between the last two users of a volume, was measured by examining the book cards or date-due slips of circulating books and collections which remained in the stack. The results of this study are as follows: (1) In the fields of political science economics and law, the shelf-time periods of general materials in Korean for circulation was measured. (2) This study shows shelf-time periods that vary in different subject fields. (3) Combining the shelf-time periods of books in active circulation and the total collection including books which have never been circulated, the size of library holdings which may satisfy a certain percentage of the current circulation can be estimated.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2012

Urban parks are progressing but are in chaos in the twenty-first century. Therefore the purposes of this study are to consider critically and classify the new paradigm of urban parks. Urban parks are one of the space products, and progressing aspects can be divided into three parts; supply, demand and market aspects. In the abstract, urban parks' progress represents process, openness or voidness, general and cultural ecology, productivity, experience program, identity or sense of place, carriers of urban regeneration, urban infrastructure, community space, multi-layered activity, active space, communication with urban space, tool of low carbon strategy and consilience. But urban parks have come under increased criticism about the long period development on trees growth, covering open space, limitation of general and cultural ecology, production, activity programs, identity and community space, visible urban regeneration, economic validity, urban sprawl, not using as the low carbon strategy, and finally negative consilience with contiguous fields. We collected these critical consideration about progressing urban parks, and proposed urban agricultural park as one of the alternative urban parks. This is closely connected with sustainable region development, low-carbon society, local food, well-being, Lohas paradigm and amenity of urban life.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제50권8호
• /
• pp.711-717
• /
• 2007

Sleep is a vital, highly organized process regulated by complex systems of neuronal networks and neurotransmitters. Normal sleep comprises non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM periods that alternate through the night. Sleep usually begins in NREM and progresses through deeper NREM stages (2, 3, and 4 stages), but newborns enter REM sleep (active sleep) first before NREM (quiet sleep). A period of NREM and REM sleep cycle is approximately 90 minutes, but newborn have a shorter sleep cycle (50 minutes). As children mature, sleep changes as an adult pattern: shorter sleep duration, longer sleep cycles and less daytime sleep. REM sleep is approximately 50% of total sleep in newborn and dramatically decreases over the first 2 years into adulthood (20% to 25%). An initial predominant of slow wave sleep (stage 3 and 4) that peaks in early childhood, drops off abruptly after adolescence by 40% from preteen years, and then declines over the life span. The hypothalamus is recognized as a key area of brain involved in regulation of sleep and wakefulness. The basic function of sleep largely remains elusive, but it is clear that sleep plays an important role in the regulation of CNS and body physiologic processes. Understanding of the architecture of sleep and basic mechanisms that regulate sleep and wake cycle are essential to evaluate normal or abnormal development of sleep pattern changes with age. Reduction or disruption of sleep can have a significant impact on daytime functioning and development, including learning, growth, behavior, and emotional regulation.

• 턱관절균형의학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Dementia is a disease in which a person maintains a normal intellectual level during the growth period, but has acquired cognitive impairment and personality change. In this study, we tried to check whether the network pharmacology analysis method is useful in the search for herbal medicine resources for the treatment of dementia. Methods: The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database is a database frequently used in Chinese medicine research. We used the TCMSP to identify herbal medicines and their molecular targets that can be used for dementia by using network pharmacology research methods. Results: It was possible to select 28 types of components that are expected to be active by applying them to the living body, and 75 types of targets that these components act on were secured. In addition, 16 kinds of drugs were identified by checking the drugs containing 28 kinds of ingredients, and it was found that Radix Salviae contained 2 kinds of the selected 28 kinds of ingredients. Conclusions: Through this study, we were able to identify ingredients, drugs, and targets that can be used for basic and clinical research on dementia.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Arterial injury in children is a challenging problem for its special characteristics. It is rare even during warfare. This review described a personal experience in the management and outcome of acute pediatric arterial injuries of extremities. Methods: Thirty-six children below age of 13 years were studied during period from 2004 through 2014 in Iraq. Results: Male patients were 27 (75%) and female were 9 (25%). Seven to twelve years old was the most affected age group. The incidence of iatrogenic injuries was greater in infants and toddlers while penetrating injuries were the most common in older children. Upper limbs arteries were affected in 17 (47.2%) and lower limb in 19 (52.8%) patients. Hard signs were the commonest mode of presentation (83.3%). Lateral wall tear and complete transection were the most frequent types of arterial injury (36.1% and 27.8% respectively). The most frequent procedures performed were end-to-end anastomosis and lateral arteriorrhaphy. Surgical outcome was good. In 27 cases distal pulsations were regained. Seven cases had impalpable distal pulses but still viable limbs. Limb length discrepancy was detected in one case. One case was complicated with limb loss. No death was recorded. Conclusion: Arterial injuries in children are age related. The proper treatment of arterial injuries in children requires high index of suspicion, early operative intervention and continuous postoperative follow-up throughout years of active growth. Angiogram has a limited role as a diagnostic tool in acute arterial injuries.

• 경영과정보연구
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.79-98
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 중국의 해외 인수 합병 현황과 영향 요인에 대한 관련 이론과 기존의 연구를 살펴본 뒤 중국기업의 해외 인수 합병의 성과에 미치는 영향을 실증분석 하였다. 분석의 결과 과거성과, 인수지분율, 국유지분율, 문화적 차이는 성과에 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 문화적 차이가 클수록 과거성과의 인수합병의 성과에 미치는 영향이 크게 나타나는 중재효과가 있음을 보이고 있다. 그러나 조직 연령, 수출비중, 잉여현금흐름은 유의한 영향을 미치지 않고 있다.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.395-423
• /
• 2014

This study examines the role of trade finance in the trade collapse of 2008-09 from the perspective of the Korean economy. We use two approaches. Firstly, as background to a more formal analysis, we make a casual observation on the behavior of aggregate data on trade finance, on which Korea has relatively abundant data. Aggregate data do not convincingly support the view that trade finance played an active role in causing the trade collapse. The measures of trade finance and the value of trade both dropped sharply, but the ratio of trade finance over trade was stable and in some cases increased during the crisis period. Secondly, using quarterly data on listed firms in Korea, we conduct panel estimations to test whether firms that are more dependent on external finance experienced greater export contraction during the crisis. Our regression analysis suggests that the financial vulnerability of firms, measured by various financial ratios, did not contribute to export contraction during the financial crisis. This observation largely applies even to smaller firms, who are usually thought of as being more vulnerable financially. However, we find that small exporters that relied heavily on cross-border trade payables or receivables suffered larger drops in export growth during the crisis.