• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.408-419
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• 1991

The effects of various dietary fats on plasma lipids. liver lipids, and Plasma Peroxide levels were studied in rats fed for 6 wk with diets containing 15 wt% fat, as sesame oil. raw perilla seed oil. roasted perilla seed oil, heated perilla seed oil. mackerel oil or beef tallow. TBA values of these lipids during 4 wk storage, and linolenic acid contents of three kinds of perilla seed oil were also measured. Linolenic acid contents of raw perilla seed oil. roasted perilla seed oil and heated perilla seed oil were 62.3%, 61.6% and 53.1% respectively. Raw perilla seed oil showed the lowest rate of lipid peroxidation after 4 wk storage at 4$^{\circ}C$, and mackerel oil showed the highest peroxidation rate. The plasma cholesterol levels of rats consuming diets in which the carbohydrate was rice were not affected by n-3 PUFA. Rather, the degree of peroxidation seems to have a direct effect on cholesterol levels as shown by the hypocholesterolemic effect of raw perilla seed oil and beer tallow. However. the HDL-cholesterol level was greater in rats fed either roasted perilla seed oil or mackerel oil. Rats fed roasted perilla seed oil and raw perilla seed oil had lower levels of plasma triglycerides than rats fed beef tallow. In rats fed roasted perilla seed oil, the total lipid and cholesterol contents of liver were significantly lower than in those fed the other kinds of perilla seed oil. The plasma lipid peroxide levels were lower in rats fed either roasted perilla seed oil or beef tallow.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.350-366
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• 1987

This research was designed to study the effect of Korean dietary lipids on the lipid metabolism and the immune function in young rats . The three different lipid sources were compared lard, perilla oil and fish oil. Three different levels of lipid in the diet, 2%, 15% and 30%,on the weight basis, were included. After four weeks feeding, the rats were sacrified and blood sample was collected to analyze for the total lipid, TG and cholesterol contents in serum. The HDL fraction in serum was seperated by the electrophoresis of lipoproteins. The immune responses were measured by the blastogenesis of spleen lymphocyte stimulated by PHA and in serum were measured. The following results were obtained. Lower body weight gain was shown in 30% lipid diet fed group on the isocaloric basis. In concerning the different dietary lipid sources, there were significantly lower boyd weight gain in fish oil than in perilla seed oil and lard group in 30% lipid groups. Deposition of body fat expressed by epididymal fat pad in serum were significantly different among perilla seed oil, lard and fish oil groups. Perilla seed oil group showed lowest level of total lipid and TG in serum regardless of dietary fat level. The feeding perilla seed oil to rats was resulted in lower serum cholesterol levels than lard in all three levels of fats tested. The HDL fraction was elevated in perilla seed oil group at the high fat level. The stimulating responses of lymphycotes by PHA did not seem to be influenced by different dietary fat sources. However, conA mitogenic responses was significantly increased in perilla seed oil group. The lower level of perilla seed oil (2%, 15%) showed slightly higher responses of ConA, indicating that lower level of perilla seed oil might have stimulatory response on the immune response. The number of antibody forming cells of spleen against SRBC was increased in 30% fat level for all the three kind of fats. However, no effect has been found in plaque forming cell response by the differences in dietary fat sources. There were no significant differences in serum IgG and IgA levels in all dietary groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1976

Perilla (frutescens) seed oil, which is widely used as a source of vegetable oil in Korea, contains a strikingly large amount (58.4% of total fatty acids) of polyunsaturated linolenic acid (18 : 3) which is one of the essential fatty acids. Our hypothesis was that vitamin E contained in this oil would not be enough to prevent peroxidation of this polyunsaturated oil. A comparative study was carried out using rats and chicks devided into seven groups with various diet combinations emphasizing fat sources for the period of four weeks. The level of fat in each diet was 15% and animals were fed ad libitum. Various diet combinations were as follows; perilla seed oil and sesame seed oil with and without vitamin E supplementation, tallow as a saturated fat source and perilla seed hull group (10% at the expense of carbohydrate). The fat constituents of control group were consisted of 50% vegetable oil and 50% animal fat. A few important findings are as follows: 1. Rats fed perilla seed oil lost their hair focally around the neck and suffered from a bad skin lesion at the same place. In chicks, yellow pigmentation both of feather and of skin was clearly observed only in groups fed perilla seed oil with or without vitamin E supplementation. The basis of biochemical mechanisms of this phenomena remains as an important research interest. 2. The mean value for hematocrit was significantly lower for the chicks fed perilla seed oil than for those fed control diet. This result seems to be attributable to the effect on the red cell membrane known as peroxidation-hemolysis of vitamin E deficiency. 3. The serum cholesterol level was higher for the rats fed perilla seed oil than for those fed control diet, whereas in chicks the group fed perilla seed oil showed lower value than the control group indicating that different animal species could vary in their responses to the same diet. 4. In pathological examinations, the sign of hepatic fibrosis was seen in the perilla seed hull group and it was noticeable that the level of hepatic RNA was significantly increased in the rat recovering from vitamin E deficiency. It is hoped that more detailed studies on perilla seed oil and hulls will soon be carried out in many aspects especially i) at various levels of fat in the diet, ii) in relation to dietary selenium level and iii) to find an optimum level of dietary essential fatty acids in terms of P/S ratio using various animal species. In the mean time, the public should be informed to preserve this particular oil with care to minimize fatty acid oxidation and should be discouraged from overconsuming this oil. This study was supported by UB (United Board) Research Grant (Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea)

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2018

Perilla (Perilla frutescens var.frutescens) is an annual plant of the Lamiaceae family, mainly grown for obtaining oil by press extraction after roasting the seeds. Oil yield is one of its important traits, but evaluating this yield is time-consuming, requires many seeds, and is hard to adjust to pedigrees in a breeding field. The objective of this study was to develop a method for selecting high-oil-yield lines in a breeding population without oil extraction. Twenty-three perilla cultivars were used for evaluating the oil yield and seed traits such as seed hardness, seed coat thickness, seed coat proportion and crude fat. After evaluation of the seed traits of 23 perilla cultivars, the ranges of oil yields, seed hardness, seed coat thickness, seed coat proportion, 100-seed weight, and crude fat were 24.68-38.75%, 157-1166 gf, $24-399{\mu}m$, 15.4-41.5%, 2.79-6.69 g, and 33.0-47.8%, respectively. In an analysis of correlation coefficients, the oil yield negatively correlated with seed length, seed width, the proportion of seed coat, seed hardness, and 1000-seed weight, but positively correlated with crude fat content. It was observed that as the seed coat proportion increased, the seed coat thickness, hardness, and 1000-seed weight also increased. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was employed to find major variables affecting the oil yield. Among the variables, traits crude fat content and seed coat proportion were assumed to be indirect parameters for estimating the potential oil yield, with respect to a significant positive correlation with the observed oil yield ($R^2=0.791$). Using these two parameters, an equation was derived to predict the oil yield. The results of this study show that various seed traits in 23 perilla cultivars positively or negatively correlated with the oil yield. In particular, crude fat and the seed coat proportion can be used for predicting the oil yield with the newly developed equation, and this approach will improve the efficiency of selecting prominent lines for the oil yield.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 1979

This study was carried out using rats weighing $40{\sim}50\;g$ which were devided into seven groups with various diet compositions emphasizing fat levels of perilla seed oil for the period of 41/2 weeks. The levels of fat in the diet were 5%, 10%, 15% and animals were fed ad libitum. The results are as follows : 1) Yellow pjgmentation of both neck and tail was clearly observed in groups fed 10% and 15% level perilla seed oil without vitamin I supplementation (IV and VII). 2) The growth rate in groups fed 15% level perilla seed oil was reduced as compared to that in groups fed 5% or 10% level perilla seed oil. 3) The mean hematocrit values of 15% level perilla seed oil groups tended to be lower than those of control group, tut the differences were not significant. 4) The serum vitamin I concentration showed different value in various groups, the values of control group were significantly higher than those of perilla seed oil groups-15% level with or without vitamin E supplementation (VI and VII) and 10% level without vitamin E supplementation (IV). According to the results, 10% level-perilla seed oil in the diet can be considered safe if vitamin E is not omitted from the vitamin mixture ana the group fed 15% fat with P/S ratio of 1 appeared to be safe during the experimental period. Finally the long-term studios have to be persued in many aspects by using perilla seed oil in the experimental diet. Because rats are known t4 be quite resistant to the experimental diets, comparative studies using various animal species have to he conducted.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 1994

들깨 종자 발아가 들기름의 산화안정성에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 햇들깨와 묵은들깨를 $28^{\circ}C$에서 $2{\sim}3$일간 발아시켜 각각의 들깨와 발아들깨로부터 들기름을 추출한 후 이들 4종류의 들기름의 화학적 조성의 변화를 검토하였다. 들기름의 종류에 따라 요오드가와 검화가에서는 커다란 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 산가의 경우 햇들깨와 묵은들깨 모두 발아들깨에서 추출한 들기름이 들깨에서 추출한 들기름보다 높았다. 중성지방질의 조성에서는 발아에 의해 triacylglycerol 함량은 감소하는 반면 유리 지방산과 diacylglycerol 함량은 증가하였다. 극성지방질중 phosphatidyl ethanolamine의 함량이 햇들깨와 묵은들깨 모두 발아에 의해 현저히 증가하였다. 들기름의 총 tocopherol 함량은 $439{\sim}560\;ppm$으로 햇들깨와 묵은들깨 모두 발아에 의해 그 함량이 증가하였으며, 특히 ${\gamma}-tocopherol$의 함량이 현저히 증가하였다. 각 들기름의 산화안정성 차이는 햇들깨에서 추출한 들기름이 묵은들깨에서 추출한 들기름보다 4배 이상 산화안정성이 높았으며 발아에 의해 묵은들깨의 경우는 산화안정성이 2배 정도 증가하였으나 햇들깨의 경우는 약간 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.504-508
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• 1996

들깨를 15$0^{\circ}C$에서부터 21$0^{\circ}C$까지 10~30분간 볶아서 착유한 들기름에 존재하는 갈색물질의 갈색도와 전자제공력과, 또한 기호성 및 산화 안정성을 검토하였다. 들기름으로 추출한 갈색물질은 들깨의 볶는 온도와 시간이 증가에 따라 증가하였다. 들깨를 210~에서 30분간 볶아 착유한 들기름으로부터 추출한 갈색물질은 15$0^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 볶은 것에 비해 13배 정도 증가하였다. 한편 볶음조건에 따라 착유한 들기름 중의 갈색물질 추출물의 DPPH에 대한 전자제공력은 볶음온도와 시간 증가에 따라 향상되었다. 21$0^{\circ}C$에서 30분 볶아 착유한 들기름중의 갈색물질은 15$0^{\circ}C$에서 10분 볶은 것에 비해 전자제공력이 약 3배 증가하였다. 기호성이 가장 우수한 들기름에 산화 안정성이 가장 좋은 들기름을 5~20% 혼합한 15% 혼합량 것 중 기호도와 산화 안정성이 가장 우수하였다. 21$0^{\circ}C$에서 30분 볶아 착유한 들기름 중의 갈색물질은 19$0^{\circ}C$에서 20분 볶아 착유한 들기름의 산화 안정성을 증가시켰다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2003

This study was carried out to obtain informations on the variations of oil content and fatty acid composition among 90 Korean perilla collections. Average oil content of 90 perilla collections was 44.2% with a range from 29.7% to 61.9%. Perilla collections with late-maturing, super-large seed and gray seed coat showed higher oil content than other types in general. Average saturated fatty acid content in perilla oil was 9.0% with a range from 8.2% to 10.7%, while average unsaturated fatty acid content varied from 89.3% to 91.8% with a mean of 91.0%. Contents of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were not related to maturity. There were no differences in the contents of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids according to maturity. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents were the highest in the super large-sized group(15.5%) and in the large-sized seed group(61.4%), respectively, while contents of fatty acids among the perilla collections were variable with different seed coat colors. Most of the traits studied were not significantly correlated with oil content, but linoleic acid($\omega$-6) content was negatively correlated (r=-0.217＊) with linolenic acid($\omega$-3) content.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권
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• pp.150-162
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• 2002

1. 들깨는 용도면에서 볼 때 종실은 식용으로, 기름은 식용과 공업용, 깻잎은 채소로 또 깻잎의 정유성분은 향료로 이용될 수 있는 다용도 작물이다. 2. 종실의 단백질 함량은 18-28% 정도이고 단백질의 아미노산조성에 있어 글루타메이트(glutamate)함량은 계란보다 월등히 많다. 3. 종실의 기름 함량은 35~54%로서 기름중에는 리놀렌산(linolenic acid)이 60% 이상 함유되어 있으므로 생리적 기능성 식품으로 우수한 특성을 갖고 있으며 필수지방산의 공급원으로서도 중요하다. 4. 기름의 특성상 들기름은 고도의 불포화 지방산인 리놀렌산이 주성분이기 때문에 들기름을 짜서 상온에서 보관하게 되면 산패(oxidation)되기 쉬우므로 장기간 저장 이용하기 어렵다. 5. 깻잎은 비타민 C와 베타카로틴($\beta$-carotene) 함량이 많고 다른 미량성분도 풍부하게 함유되어 있으므로 들깨잎은 생식용 채소로서의 이용가치가 높다. 6. 깻잎의 정유(essential oil) 성분은 페릴라알데하이드(perilla aldehyde)가 주성분이며 이는 식품이나 식품첨가제로 쓰일 때 광범위한 항균작용(antimicrobial activity)을 나타낸다. 7 들깨나 자소잎의 붉은 색소중에는 안토시아닌(anthocynins)이 다량 함유되어 있으며 이는 식품색소로 널리 쓰인다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권spc1호
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• pp.171-174
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• 2005

국내에서 육성된 종실용 들깨와 잎들깨 품종을 대상으로 주요특성 및 함유성분을 분석하여 용도별 들깨의 주요특성 차이를 확인한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 잎들깨 품종의 평균 개화기는 9월 28일로 종실용 들깨의 평균 개화기 9월 5일보다 약 23일 늦었으며, 경장 및 마디수도 종실들깨보다 낮은 양상을 나타내어 생육상의 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. 2. 종실용 들깨의 평균 천립중, 종실수량 및 기름함량이 잎들깨 품종보다 높은 양상을 나타내어 종실특성은 종실들깨가 우수하였으나, 잎 수량 및 잎 함유 안토시아닌 함량은 잎들깨 품종이 종실들깨 품종보다 각각 1.8배 및 2.1배 높은 양상을 나타내어 잎 특성은 잎들깨 품종이 우수하였다. 3. 종실용 들깨 및 잎들깨 품종의 종실 지방산 조성은 차이가 없었으며, 잎 함유 평균 엽록소 함량은 종실용 들깨가 잎들깨 품종보다 다소 높은 양상을 나타내었다.