• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.84-98
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• 2010

This study aims to present basic materials to promote the importance of make-up design in advertising images and designing effective perfume advertisement by looking at features such as colors, forms, patterns, and material feels, the elements of make-up designs shown magazine advertising images for various perfume brands. The features of make-up designs shown in Anna Sui and Bvlgari perfume advertisements are as the following. Among 9 images in Anna Sui advertisements, 5 displayed mat-like skin feels. Among shadow colors, brown colors accounted for over half, 5 out of 9 while pink colors accounted 5 out of 9 for cheek make-up. Among 7 images in Bvlgari advertisements, pale blue skin colors accounted most, 5 out 7. 4 out of 7 displayed mat-like skin feels and 4 out 7 were in pink colors for lip make-up. Anna Sui brand was found to use a bold and unique makeup design for each perfume advertisement according to the designer's fashion orientation tendency to pursue unique, vintage-style, and romantic images whereas Bvlgari focused on make-up to emphasize elegant and refined female beautify according to the company philosophy of pursuing elegant and high-class images. Namely, it was determined that the BI(brand image), the images a company pursues is related to the MI(make up image), the make-up images in advertisements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.39-49
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the consumption value and characteristic of content in cosmetics & perfume advertisement in men's fashion magazines in order to understand the changes of men's cosmetics market which is recently getting great attention along with the craze for 'florally handsome men', and 'eolzzang'(=gorgeous face), and examine the changes of the culture of men's make-up. I selected Esquire which had firstly produced men's fashion magazine in Korea, and implemented the content analysis, the quantitative analysis method, by separating linguistic elements ken visual elements. The results are as follows: In the analysis of consumption value revealed in the linguistic elements of cosmetics advertisement, emotion value was the highest in both cosmetics and perfume, while function value was the second highest in cosmetics and rarity value was the second highest in perfume. About the changes of content characteristics of visual elements, in both cosmetics and perfume advertisement, there were a lot of visual advertisements focused on figures without the mixture of linguistic expressions. Between advertisement in 1990s and that in 2000s, there were meaningful differences only in types and object of meaning of used symbols.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.933-944
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• 2009

The purposes of this study was to identify perfume purchasing and using behavior according to men's fashion lifestyle. Self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. The subjects were 317 men aged 19-40. The results were as follows: First, over half of men had purchased at least one perfume during last year and the price was 30,000-60,000won. Men selected perfumes which harmonized with their image or purposes of using perfumes. Men selected a perfume as a present for their girl friends or wives to convey their concern or love. Most men purchased perfumes at department stores and selected after experiencing samples, and by affecting advertisements of newspapers or journals. Over 60% of men possessed at least one perfume and most of them were imported perfumes. Most men used perfume on a special day such as dates or job interviews, and they received perfume as a gift from their girl friends or wives. Most men used perfumes to enjoy fragrances by themselves and preferred sea fragrance most. Second, factors of men's fashion lifestyle were fashion information, individuality, conservativeness, ostentation, activity, and fashion style. Men were segmented into ostentatious consumption group, active group, fashion leader group, and fashion retard group. Third, fashion leader group purchased perfumes more than other groups and fashion retard group purchased the least.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.35-48
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate ideal body image and clothing style through the analysis of models portrayed in fragrance advertisement that is the representative goods showing the fashion brand image. For this study, 120 perfume advertisements appeared in GQ and Vogue magazines issued in 2002 were selected. The models' characteristics portrayed in advertisement are categorized with role relationship, race, body exposure and clothing styles. The results are as follows. 1. Fragrance advertisements most commonly depict a single model portraying narcissism, and later then most common are advertisements both male and female model in a sexual relationship. 2. The analysis of models' race shows racism toward Asian models and Afro- American models. White models are main characters in fragrance advertisements more often than other races, and in mixed-ethnic ads, whites typically outnumbered minorities. This shows currently aesthetic stereotypes, that is, white ideology still exists. 3. The results of models' body exposure are showing nudism with partially clad or nude. This shows the eroticism of male and female. 4. The highest portion of clothing style appeared in fragrance advertisement were casual wear for male model and dressy formal wear for female models, which respects current fashion trends.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.75-90
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• 2011

Suggesting that endorser fit in print advertising can be subdivided into observable endorser-product fit, unobservable endorser-product fit, and observable endorser-background fit, this study empirically investigates their effects on advertising effectiveness. Undergraduate students participated in the study and evaluated three real advertisements on the items of the fits, the advertising effectiveness, and so on. The advertisements were for a watch, perfume, and women's clothing. Results showed that each of fits had an positive effect on advertising attitude, brand attitude, and purchase intention respectively and the observable endorser-product fit had a more positive effect on such an effectiveness than the unobservable endorser-product fit and the observable endorser-background fit in the majority of cases. It was also found that each of the fits had a tendency to exert relatively greater effects on the advertising effectiveness, especially on the purchase intention, compared to the endorser preference.