• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1097-1101
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to identify and quantify glucosinolates (GSLs) in Brassica napus cv. Hanakkori and its parents and to evaluate its potential bitter taste. 'Hanakkori' materials were cultivated with commercial chemical nutrients (20 kg/ha, N-P-K: 16-10-10) at the field. GSLs were isolated by means of extraction with 70%(v/v) boiling methanol (MeOH) followed by desulfation from those plants by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by electronic spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis. In 'Hanakkori', 11 GSLs were identified as progoitrin, glucoraphanin, glucoalyssin, gluconapoleiferin, gluconapin, 1-methylpropyl, glucobrassicanapin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, gluconasturtiin, and neoglucobrassicin. The total GSL contents were 109 and 36.1 mmol/kg dry weights (d.w.) for the seeds and edible parts, respectively. The major GSLs (>5 mmol/kg d.w.) in the seeds were progoitrin (78.8), gluconapin (10.7), and glucobrassicanapin (7.81), whereas they in the edible parts were progoitrin (16.1) and glucobrassicanapin (8.58). In addition, the bitter taste in the edible parts was presumably related with the presence of progoitrin (>45% to the total GSL).

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.418-430
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to understand the combined effect of shading treatment and harvest time on pungency, ascorbic acid content, market-quality pepper yield, and photosynthetic activity in a yellow 'Star Flame' and 'Fire Flame' F1 hybrid pepper cultivar (Capsicum annuum). Plants were cultivated in a greenhouse under white, red, and green shading nets and compared to those grown under unshaded control conditions. The ascorbic acid and pungency parameters were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. Ascorbic acid, a compound of high nutritive value in pepper, was highest in fruits gathered during the first summer harvest in both hybrids. The ascorbic acid content was found to be further increased in fruits from plants grown under white net shading in both 'Star Flame' and 'Fire Flame'. Total capsaicinoid contents in 'Star Flame' were influenced by the interaction of shading treatment and harvest time (p = 0.004), with the lowest amounts ($241.2-251.5mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ fresh weight) resulting from white and red shading treatments at the early autumn harvest. In 'Fire Flame', both shading treatment (p = 0.009) and harvest time (p < 0.001) affected total capsaicinoid contents. We observed significantly higher total capsaicinoid contents in control fruits compared to that resulting from red and green shading treatments at the second harvest, and that resulting from red shading treatment at the third harvest. Analysis of photosynthetic activity revealed a significant and negative correlation between Fv/Fm values and total capsaicinoid contents in both hybrids (p < 0.001). Based on the obtained results, the harvest of peppers during summer should be promoted to produce fruits with high pungency.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2016

Purpose: The necessity for precise manipulation of bioparticles has greatly increased in the fields of bioscience, biomedical, and environmental monitoring. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is considered to be an ideal technique to manipulate bioparticles. The objective of this study is to develop a DEP microfluidic device that can trap fluorescent beads, which mimic bioparticles, at the low voltage and frequency of the sinusoidal signal supplied to the microfluidic device. Methods: A DEP microfluidic device, which is composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channels and interdigitated electrode networks, is fabricated to trap fluorescent beads. The geometry of the interdigitated electrodes is determined through computational simulation. To determine the optimum voltage and frequency of the sinusoidal signal supplied to the device, the experiments of trapping beads are conducted at various combinations of voltage and frequency. The performance of the DEP microfluidic device is evaluated by investigating the correlation between fluorescent intensities and bead concentrations. Results: The optimum ratio of the widths between the negative and positive electrodes was 1:4 ($20:80{\mu}m$) at a gap of $20{\mu}m$ between the two electrodes. The DEP electrode networks were fabricated based on this geometry and used for the bead trapping experiments. The optimum voltage and frequency of the supplied signal for trapping fluorescent beads were 15 V and 5 kHz, respectively. The fluorescent intensity of the trapped beads increased linearly as the bead concentration increased. The coefficient of determination ($R^2$) between the fluorescent intensity and the bead concentration was 0.989. Conclusions: It is concluded that the microfluidic device developed in this study is promising for trapping bioparticles, such as a cell or virus, if they are conjugated to beads, and their concentration is quantified.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.319-329
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• 2016

Internet Video Coding (IVC) is a royalty-free codec currently being developed in MPEG. Coding efficiency of IVC codec has been steadily enhanced and it was reported that the performance of Committee Draft (CD) version is comparable to H.264/AVC High Profile (HP) in terms of objective and subjective qualities. In this paper, we present some coding tools that have been proposed for enhancing the coding efficiency of IVC during the developing process in MPEG along with brief overview of IVC codec architecture and coding algorithms. The coding tools include both of normative tools and informative tools such as non-reference P frame coding, DC mode intra prediction, Lagrange multiplier selection, and extension of chroma intra prediction modes. Improvement obtained by each tool is presented in terms of algorithm and coding gain based on the experiments. As a result of the experiment, the coding tools give the average bit saving of 8.8%, 0.4%, 0.4%, and 0.0%, respectively, in the low-delay coding mode.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of interactive metronome (IM) training on attention among children on the autistic spectrum. Methods: This is a single case study, using ABA design, of one child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who had attentional difficulties. A total of 20 sessions were conducted: 3 baseline sessions (A), 14 intervention sessions (B), and 3 follow-up baseline sessions (A'). During the intervention period (B), IM training was performed. Inattention and attention activities were measured as the dependent variables in all three phases (A, B, and A'). Results: Compared to baseline, the subject's inattention decreased in the IM training mediation period, and the performance of activities requiring attention also improved. The intervention effect was maintained even during the follow-up baseline period. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that IM training positively influences attention among children with ASD with attention deficit symptoms. Further, it provides the clinical basis of IM training as an intervention for children with ASD.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.466-472
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• 2009

An acoustic leak monitoring system(ALMS) using acoustic emission(AE) technique was applied for leakage detection of nuclear power plant's pipeline which is operated in high temperature and pressure condition. Since this system only monitors the existence of leak using the root mean square(RMS) value of raw signal from AE sensor, the difficulty occurs when the characteristics of leak size and shape need to be evaluated. In this study, dual monitoring system using AE sensor and accelerometer was introduced in order to solve this problem. In addition, artificial neural network(ANN) with Levenberg.Marquardt(LM) training algorithm was also applied due to rapid training rate and gave the reliable classification performance. The input parameters of this ANN were extracted from varying signal received from experimental conditions such as the fluid pressure inside pipe, the shape and size of the leak area. Additional experiments were also carried out and with different objective which is to study the generation and characteristic of lamb and surface wave according to the pipe thickness.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2008

Tumor tissue is usually contaminated by normal tissue components, which reduces the sensitivity of analysis for exploring genetic alterations. Although microdissection has been adopted to minimize the contamination of tumor DNA with normal cell components, there is a concern over the amount of microdissected DNA not enough to be applied to array-CGH reaction. To amplify the extracted DNA, several whole genome amplification (WGA) methods have been developed, but objective comparison of the array-CGH outputs using different types of WGA methods is still scarce. In this study, we compared the performance of non-amplified microdissected DNA and DNA amplified in 2 WGA methods such as degenerative oligonucleotide primed (DOP)-PCR, and multiple strand displacement amplification (MDA) using Phi 29 DNA polymerase. Genomic DNA was also used to make a comparison. We applied those 4 DNAs to whole genome BAC array to compare the false positive detection rate (FPDR) and sensitivity in detecting copy number alterations under the same hybridization condition. As a result microdissected DNA method showed the lowest FPDR and the highest sensitivity. Among WGA methods, DOP-PCR amplified DNA showed better sensitivity but similar FPDR to MDA-amplified method. These results demonstrate the advantage and applicability of microdissection for array-CGH analysis, and provide useful information for choosing amplification methods to study copy number alterations, especially based on precancerous and microscopically invaded lesions.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.538-545
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• 1999

Objective : To compare the predictive power of International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition(ICD-10) based International Classification of Diseases based Injury Severity Score(ICISS) with Trauma and Injury Severity Score(TRISS) and International Classification of Diseases 9th Edition Clinical Modification(ICD-9CM) based ICISS in the injury severity measure. Methods : ICD-10 version of Survival Risk Ratios(SRRs) was derived from 47,750 trauma patients from 35 Emergency Centers for 1 year. The predictive power of TRISS, the ICD-9CM based ICISS and ICD-10 based ICISS were compared in a group of 367 severely injured patients admitted to two university hospitals. The predictive power was compared by using the measures of discrimination(disparity, sensitivity, specificity, misclassification rates, and ROC curve analysis) and calibration(Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics), all calculated by logistic regression procedure. Results : ICD-10 based ICISS showed a lower performance than TRISS and ICD-9CM based ICISS. When age and Revised Trauma Score(RTS) were incorporated into the survival probability model, however, ICD-10 based ICISS full model showed a similar predictive power compared with TRISS and ICD-9CM based ICISS full model. ICD-10 based ICISS had some disadvantages in predicting outcomes among patients with intracranial injuries. However, such weakness was largely compensated by incorporating age and RTS in the model. Conclusions : The ICISS methodology can be extended to ICD-10 horizon as a standard injury severity measure in the place of TRISS, especially when age and RTS were incorporated in the model. In patients with intracranial injuries, the predictive power of ICD-10 based ICISS was relatively low because of differences in the classifying system between ICD-10 and ICD-9CM.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.265-276
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• 2003

The objective of this research is to provide basic data for improving athletic performances, suggesting methods that can be utilized at games and coaching movements in the snatch, by analyzing the level of contribution of muscles to the movements of the snatch lift through three-dimensional imaging and EMG analysis between skilled and unskilled lifters. To this end, three high school students (the skilled group), three middle school student (the unskilled group) were selected; two digital video cameras and electromyography were used. The muscles measured by an EMG include gastrocnemius muscle, biceps femoris muscle, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi muscle, trapezius muscle, and brachioradialis. Based on the Ariel Performance Analysis System (APAS) program, the results of the analysis are summarized as follows. 1. In performing snatch pulls, the skilled lifters were found to simultaneously move the weight centers of the body and the barbell close to vertical, close to the shoulders in the pulling portion; in snatching and grabbing the barbell from a sited position, it was observed that the shorter the time for adjusting to change in the height of the barbell by using rotational inertia, the better it is to perform the movements. 2. The skilled lifters were observed to perform stable and efficient movements in grabbing the bar in a sited position, by moving the barbell and weight center of the body close to vertical and moving the shoulder joint under the bar fast. 3. The results of the EMG analysis of the entire movements from the snatching portion to the portion of grabbing the bar in a sited position show that when the skilled lifters lifted the barbell vertically during the pulling portion, their shoulder joints were extended to put more weight on biceps femoris muscle and brachioradialis; and in snatching and grabbing the bar from a sited position, it was found desirable to increase the myoelectrical activity of erector spinae in order to achieve a balance in the movements of the hip joint between font and rear, as the weight centers of the body and the barbell move higher. On the other hand, the unskilled lifters were found that in response to change in posture, they increase their muscular strength inefficiently in performing the movements throughout the entire lifting process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.479-490
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• 2012

Flexural tests on full-scale H-shaped beams, built up from high-strength steels (HSB800 and HSA800) with a nominal tensile strength of 800 MPa, was carried out to study the effect of flange slenderness of high-strength steel on flexural strength and rotation capacity. The primary objective was to investigate the appropriateness of extrapolating current stability criteria (originally developed for ordinary steel) to high-strength steel. The performance of high-strength steel specimens was very satisfactory from the strength, but not from the rotation capacity, perspective. The inferior rotation capacity of high-strength steel beams was shown to be directly attributable to the absence of a distinct yield plateau and the high yield ratio of the material. Residual stress measurements reconfirmed that the magnitude of the residual stress is almost independent of the yield stress of the base metal.