• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.122-133
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• 2009

As wireless spectrum resources become more scarce while some portions of frequency bands suffer from low utilization, the design of cognitive radio (CR) has recently been urged, which allows opportunistic usage of licensed bands for secondary users without interference with primary users. Spectrum sensing is fundamental for a secondary user to find a specific available spectrum hole. Cooperative spectrum sensing is more accurate and more widely used since it obtains helpful reports from nodes in different locations. However, if some nodes are compromised and report false sensing data to the fusion center on purpose, the accuracy of decisions made by the fusion center can be heavily impaired. Weighted sequential probability ratio test (WSPRT), based on a credit evaluation system to restrict damage caused by malicious nodes, was proposed to address such a spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attack at the price of introducing four times more sampling numbers. In this paper, we propose two new schemes, named enhanced weighted sequential probability ratio test (EWSPRT) and enhanced weighted sequential zero/one test (EWSZOT), which are robust against SSDF attack. By incorporating a new weight module and a new test module, both schemes have much less sampling numbers than WSPRT. Simulation results show that when holding comparable error rates, the numbers of EWSPRT and EWSZOT are 40% and 75% lower than WSPRT, respectively. We also provide theoretical analysis models to support the performance improvement estimates of the new schemes.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.5 no.9
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• pp.973-986
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• 2004

Reports have a significant meaning In large transaction environments, such as advanced the information technology and online environment. This is due to the necessity of generating reports within a giventime limit without restraining the operation performance of large transaction environments. In order to generate reports in large transaction environments while sa!isfying time-constrained requirements, this paper proposes a model which combines the incremental operation mechanism and materialized view mechanism using triggers and stored procedures. Further, the implementation and evaluation of the proposed model provides the identification of the characteristics of the proposed model.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.76-86
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• 2012

The block cipher ARIA has been threatened by side-channel analysis, and much research on countermeasures of this attack has also been produced. However, studies on countermeasures of ARIA are focused on software implementation, and there are no reports about hardware designs and their performance evaluation. Therefore, this article presents an advanced masking algorithm which is strong against second-order differential power analysis (SODPA) and implements a secure ARIA hardware. As there is no comparable report, the proposed masking algorithm used in our hardware module is evaluated using a comparison result of software implementations. Furthermore, we implement the proposed algorithm in three types of hardware architectures and compare them. The smallest module is 10,740 gates in size and consumes an average of 47.47 ${\mu}W$ in power consumption. Finally, we make ASIC chips with the proposed design, and then perform security verification. As a result, the proposed module is small, energy efficient, and secure against SODPA.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2018

In this paper, we present a three-dimensional (3D) optical encryption technique for quick response (QR) code using computational synthesized integral imaging, computational volumetric reconstruction, and double random phase encryption. Two-dimensional (2D) QR code has many advantages, such as enormous storage capacity and high reading speed. However, it does not protect primary information. Therefore, we present 3D optical encryption of QR code using double random phase encryption (DRPE) and an integral imaging technique for security enhancement. We divide 2D QR code into four parts with different depths. Then, 2D elemental images for each part of 2D QR code are generated by computer synthesized integral imaging. Generated 2D elemental images are encrypted using DRPE, and our method increases the level of security. To validate our method, we report simulations of 3D optical encryption of QR code. In addition, we calculated the peak side-lobe ratio (PSR) for performance evaluation.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.80-83
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• 2001

According to the EPA in Taiwan report, 9.05 million metric tons of solid wastes were generated in 1999, and the waste glass was accounted of 4.95 percent. However, with the increasing tonnage of disposal cost and existing disposal sites are reaching full capacity, recycling is currently accepted as a sustainable approach to waste management. Therefore, it's essential and urgent that the government in Taiwan establish the recycling and recovery framework for the minimization of the solid waste, reduction of materials and energy consumption, and the encouragement for the reuse, recycle and recovery development. To achieve this Boal, Taiwan has been strived for a long period of time in waste glass recovery and recycle. Waste glass, unlike other kinds of resource waste, is 100% recyclable. The EPA in Taiwan now center on a lot of different kinds of waste glass, such as glass container, flat glass, CRT glass, windshields glass, fluorescent lamps, and waste pesticide glass container. This article will focus on the framework of the recycling market access, and also try to provide some strategies to improve waste glass recycling efficiently.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.143-161
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• 2015

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) nations are a potpourri of diverse religions, races and cultures with rich natural and cultural heritage but yet to tap the full potential of tourism. An investigation into the glorifying heritage of these eight SAARC nations pinpoints towards their rich food and culinary heritage that is yet to be explored to carve them as food destinations that would definitely help ameliorating tourism too. The Global Report on Food Tourism of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) reveals results from a survey on food tourism marketing promotion, from which internet marketing tools, such as websites have been effectively utilized to promote food tourism in a particular destination. (UNWTO, 2012). Sensing the importance of the websites in the promotion of food tourism for any destination, the present study aims at the comparative content analysis of the official tourism websites of SAARC nations to evaluate their performance from the perspective of promotion of culinary heritage on world -wide web. The modified Balanced ScoreCard (BSC) approach is incorporated into the evaluation by taking into consideration four perspectives: technical, user friendliness and site attractiveness, tourism effectiveness and food tourism effectiveness. A set of 88 critical success factors representing these four perspectives is then used to examine the websites. The study reflects on the relative strength and weakness of the tourism websites of SAARC nations in promoting food tourism and as well help suggesting the remedial measures catalyzing the food tourism promotion through websites.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.605-608
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• 2004

내장형 시스템(embedded system)의 발전에 따라, 더욱 복잡하고 높은 신뢰성을 가지는 내장형 응용프로그램의 개발 필요성이 요구된다. 내장형 소프트웨어의 성능 평가 및 분석 도구는 내장형 소프트웨어 개발 속도와 신뢰성을 높이기 위한 유용한 도구이다. 개발자나 사용자는 성능 평가 결과와 로그 정보를 직관적으로 판단하기 위해 GUI 형태의 결과보고 도구(result report tool)나 뷰어(viewer)를 이용할 수 있다. 그러나 보통의 성능 평가 및 분석 도구가 이용하는 로그 데이터는 텍스트 기반의 저수준 정보이므로, 개발자의 다양한 요구에 맞는 분석 결과보고 도구 나 뷰어를 생성하기 위해서는 로그 정보에 대해 많은 분석 시간과 노력을 기울여야 한다. 본 논문은 내장형 시스템 개발자가 쉽고 편리하게 원하는 GUI 형태의 결과 분석도구를 생성할 수 있도록 하기 위한 프로파일 로그 분석 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 로그 분석 방법은 저수준의 성능 평가 로그를 분석하여 자료구조화 하는 모듈과 이것을 GUI 형태로 쉽게 변경할 수 있는 API 수준의 함수를 제공한다. 제안하는 로그 분석 방법에 의한 API를 통해 개발자나 사용자는 자신의 취향에 맞는 GUI 형태의 결과 분석 도구를 쉽고 빨르게 생성하여 내장형 소프트웨어 개발의 효율성을 높일 수 있다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.133-144
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• 2021

High-performance computing (HPC) is the underpinning for many of today's most exciting new research areas, to name a few, from big science to new ways of fighting the disease, to artificial intelligence (AI), to big data analytics, to quantum computing. This report captures the summary of a 9-day program of presentations, keynotes, and workshops at the SC20 conference, one of the most prominent events on sharing ideas and results in HPC technology R&D. Because of the exceptional situation caused by COVID-19, the conference was held entirely online from 11/9 to 11/19 2020, and interestingly caught more attention on using HPC to make a breakthrough in the area of vaccine and cure for COVID-19. The program brought together 103 papers from 21 countries, along with 163 presentations in 24 workshop sessions. The event has covered several key areas in HPC technology, including new memory hierarchy and interconnects for different accelerators, evaluation of parallel programming models, as well as simulation and modeling in traditional science applications. Notably, there was increasing interest in AI and Big Data analytics as well. With this summary of the recent HPC trend readers may find useful information to guide the R&D directions for challenging new technologies and applications in the area of HPC.

• Korean journal of aerospace and environmental medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.66-69
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• 2020

Since allergic rhinitis is a disease with a very high prevalence, it is common to find patients with allergic rhinitis among aviation workers. However, they are so afraid that the report of rhinitis will have a negative effect on the evaluation of one's work suitability. Therefore, aviation medical examiners (AMEs) must be able to accurately understand the nature of allergic rhinitis, and confidently explain that appropriate treatment of rhinitis has a positive effect on their performance. In the treatment of allergic rhinitis, there are some medications that may cause drowsiness, which may impair the accuracy and safety of the aviation service. Therefore, AMEs should accurately know safe drugs that do not cause drowsiness and prescribe them to patients. In addition, it is necessary to know exactly whether air workers may receive the latest treatments for allergic rhinitis, such as surgical treatment and immunotherapy, and be able to recommend these treatments appropriately. Therefore, in this paper, we first briefly describe the pathophysiology, genetics, causative antigen, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of allergic rhinitis. We also aimed to discuss safe medication and other treatment modalities for allergic rhinitis.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.384-395
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• 2000

Recently performance assessments have been recommended as an alternative to traditional assessment methods such as multiple-choice written test. Performance assessment is suggested to facilitate students' creativity, participation and learning motivations in science classes. In this study, performance assessment materials were developed for a biology unit of middle school science 1, 'Plants Around Us', and then the assessment materials were applied to assess students' understandings and attitudes related to each topic of the unit. A total of 186 7th grade students at a southern large city participated in this study. From the study, the following were obtained: 1. Various type of the performance assessment materials, such as observation report, peer evaluation, interview have been developed for the unit 'Plants around us.' 2. Students' understandings on the topics appeared to be sound, and the students' interest and cooperative problem-solving abilities have been cultivated through the small group activities. The science classes became more student-centered. 3. Teacher's burden has increased due to the practices of performance assessment, but it could be handled by teacher's commitment and management skills. 4. The students' responses to performance assessments were positive, in general.