• 충청수학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.145-159
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• 2005

In this paper we introduced the concept of perfect folding defined on $E^2$ which equipped by perfect k-coloring of r-monohedral tillings. Then we studied the different cases of perfect foldings of 4-monohedral and 3-monohedral tillings of $E^2$. Also the permutations describe each folding are obtained.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.73-88
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• 2012

There are practicality, ornamentality and symbolic in a folding fan among Western accessories, and that is a little tool to enhance the overall harmony of a dress. The purpose of this study was to examine Western folding fans in an effort to shed light on the history, culture, fashion and life of different ages in which folding fans had been used. It's specifically meant to look into the mentality of people who had used folding fans. The meaning and function of folding fans were investigated, and their diverse types and characteristics were analyzed. As a result, it's found that in the West, a folding fan was one of major accessories that had an inseparable relation to popular clothes in each age and were necessary for a perfect coordination. Folding fans had been used as ornaments for Western noble women since the 16th century. After a certain period of time passed by, the 18th century became the heyday of folding fans. At that time, folding fans were one of aesthetic art works that even served as a means of mental exchange.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2011

Numerous restraints and simplifications have been developed for methods that anticipate protein structure to reduce the colossal magnitude of possible conformational states. In this study, we investigated if globularity is a general characteristic of proteins and whether they can be applied as a valid constraint in protein structure simulations with approximated measurements (Gb-index). Unexpectedly, most of the proteins showed strong structural globularity (i.e., mode of approximately 76% similarity to the perfect globe) with only a few percent of proteins being outliers. Small proteins tended to be significantly non-globular ($R^2$=0.79) and the minimum Gb-index showed a logarithmic increase with the increase in protein size ($R^2$=0.62), strongly implying that the non-globular characteristics might be more acceptable for smaller proteins than larger ones. The strong perfect globe-like character and the relationship between small size and the loss of globular structure of a protein may imply that living organisms have mechanisms to aid folding into the globular structure to reduce irreversible aggregation. This also implies the possible mechanisms of diseases caused by protein aggregation, including some forms of trinucleotide repeat expansion-mediated diseases.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권4A호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2005

이산 웨이블렛 변환(Discrete Wavelet Transform)은 블록효과가 없고 특정시간의 주파수 특징을 잘 표현하여 MPEG4나 JPEG2000의 표준안으로 채택되는 등 많은 응용분야에서 이용되는 변환 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 저 전력, 저 비용 DWT 필터 설계를 위한 두 채널 QMF(Quadracture Mirror Filter) PR(Perfect Reconstruction) 래티스 필터에 대한 비트 시리얼 구조를 제안하였다. 제안된 필터(필터 길이 = 8)는 4개의 래티스로 구성되었으며, 각 단 고정계수의 양자화 비트를 PSNR(peak-signal-to-noise ratio) 분석을 통하여 결정하였고 그에 따른 효율적인 비트 시리얼 곱셈기 구조를 제안하였다. 각 계수는 CSD(Canonic Signed Digit) 인코딩 방법을 이용하여 `0'이 아닌 비트의 수를 최소화함으로써 복잡도를 개선하였다. 제안된 DWT구조는 휴면기간 동안 하위레벨을 처리하는 폴딩(folding) 구조이고 이에 대한 효율적인 스케줄링 방법이 제안되었으며 최소의 하드웨어(플립 플롭, 전가산기)만으로 구현이 가능하다. 제안된 구조는 VerilogHDL로 설계되어 검증되었으며 Hynix 0.35$\mu$m표준셀 라이브러리를 사용하여 합성한 결과, 최대 동작주파수는 200 MHz이며 16클록의 레이턴시(Latency)와 약 175Mbps의 성능을 보였다.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.121-124
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• 2002

This work was initiated to develope a recombinant oral poliovaccine (OPV), which is highly advanced in safety (minimizing VAPP) by introducing Type 2,3 poliovirus epitopes into our RPS-Vax system. We have introduced several potential vaccine epitopes of poliovirus Type 2, and 3 into RPS-Vax system, resulting in production of recombinant polioviruses. Any of these chimeric viruses, however, were not detected for their foreign gene expression by serotype-specific mouse antiserum. We have designed several folding units to stabilize the introduced vaccine protein and attached short epitope-concatamer or epitope-multimer to them, followed by production of chimeric viruses. Only those who have an HIV-1 Tat-mediated folding unit were nicely detected for the introduced foreign proteins by anti-Tat antiserum and type-specific peptide-induced antisera. Nevertheless, introduced epitopes were not detected in Western blot experiment with each serotype-specific antiserum. None of the mice inoculated with these chimeric viruses showed preventative immunity when challenged with Lansing and Leon wildtype 2 and 3 poliovirus, and the antiserum did not show neutralizing capacity in vitro. Conformational epitope covering B/C loop region of type 2 and 3 were newly designed by computer modeling, and introduced into the RPS-Vax vector system, followed by production of chimeric viruses. Introduced epitope regions were nicely detected by anti-Tag23 mAb or peptide antibody, but still not detected by poliovirus antiserum. Nevertheless, neutralizing antibody was detected in the Tg-PVR mice even when inoculated once with these chimeric viruses. Also, the immunized mice showed perfect preventative immunity against the wild Type poliovirus Lancing or Leon. When boosted appropriately, those chimeric virus-inoculated Tg-PVR mice produced equivalent amounts of neutralizing antibody to those in Sabin 2/3-immunized mice. These data strongly suggest that our recombinant poliovirus (RPS-PV2 and RPS-PV3) can be used as a safe and effective rec-OPV instead of any preexisting poliovaccine.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.662-670
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• 2007

The crystallization behavior and fine structure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/A-zeolite nanocomposites were assessed via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (TR-SAXS). The Avrami exponent increased from 3.5 to approximately 4.5 with increasing A-zeolite contents, thereby indicating a change in crystal growth formation. The rate constant, k, evidenced an increasing trend with increases in A-zeolite contents. The SAXS data revealed morphological changes occurring during isothermal crystallization. As the zeolite content increased, the long period and amorphous region size also increased. It has been suggested that, since PET molecules passed through the zeolite pores, some of them are rejected into the amorphous region, thereby resulting in increased amorphous region size and increased long period, respectively. In addition, as PET chains piercing into A-zeolite pores cannot precipitate perfect crystal folding, imperfect crystals begin to melt at an earlier temperature, as was revealed by the SAXS profiles obtained during heating. However, the spherulite size was reduced with increasing nanofiller content, because impingement between adjacent spherulites in the nanocomposite occurs earlier than that of homo PET, due to the increase in nucleating sites.