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Studies on the Cellular Metabolism in Microorganisms as Influenced by Gamma-irradiation.(III) On the Changes of Protein content and Free Amino acid Pool in Yeast cells irradiated by $\gamma$-ray. (미생물의 세포생리에 미치는 전이방사선의 영향에 관한 연구(제 3보) - 효모균의 단백질함량 및 Free Amino acid Pool 에 대한 $\gamma$-ray 의 영향)

  • 김종협
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.79-85
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    • 1967
  • Kim, Jong Hyup., (Div. of Biology, Atomic Energy Research Institute,Korea.;) Studies on the Cellulor Metabolism in Microorganisms as influenced by Gamma-irradiation(III): On the Changes of Free Amino acid Pool and content of Protein in Yeast clls irradiated by .gamma.-ray. 1. The strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae had been cultured synchronously in aerobic condition and irradiatel by gamma-ray from the source of cobalt-60. Drying in vacuum oven at $90^{\circ}C$ C over 12 hours, then changes of protein content (Kjeldahl) and free amino acid pool have been assayed with use of spectrophotometer. Results obtained were compared with those of unirradiated normal cells. 2. It is proved that amount of protein content in the irradiated cells increases to seven percent more than those of normal cells in the same weight of dried samples. It seems like carbohydrate breakown had been stimulated by irradiation and that relative contents of protein shows higher values than those of normal in the same weight of samples. 3. The amount of free amino acid pool in the irradiated cells shows less value about ten percent than those of normal cells, and rate of decreasing is also weak than those of standard reagent solution of amino acid. We may assume that free amino acid pool would be protected against radiation damage in living cells and more stable than in vitro. 4. The component of free amino acid pool have been assayed on second dimensional paper chromatogram, and the identified amino acids are as follows; aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, cystine, lysine, glycine, threonine, histidine, arginine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, valine and leucine. 5. Distributional presence of free amino acids are identical to that of normal cells except arginine, it is cosumable that radiation effect is univerlsal to all amino acid. However it is obvious that there are differences in radiolabilities of amino acids in irradiated cells.

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The Study on Rough Colony Type Mutant of Pseudomoms mori(Boyer et Lambert) Stevens, caused Mulberry Bacterial Blight: Pathogenicity and General Characteristics (뽕나무 세균성위축병균 Pseudomonas mori (Boyer et Lambert) STEVENS의 Rough Colony Type Mutant에 관한 연구 ; 병원성 및 일반적 성질)

  • Yi Young Keun;Kim Jong Wan;Cho Yong Sup
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.16 no.1 s.30
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    • pp.21-31
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    • 1977
  • The study has been carried out to compare the pathogenicity, physiological characteristics and genetic reliability between rough colony type strain and smooth colony type strains of Pseudomonas mori (Boyer et Lambert) Stevens which were isolated from diseased plant parts in 5 different areas throughout country. The results are summarized as follow. 1. The rough colony type strain showed more agressive reactions to tested host plant varieties than smooth colony type strains though there was no differences in the appearence of lesion types caused by both strains. 2. Both colony types were differentiated morphologically in that the rough colony type strain was having more than 200r long filamentous body without flagella where as the smooth colony type strains have short rods with one or several polar flagella. 3. The colony of smooth type strains was circular, entire, smooth and opaque, while the rough type strain shelved endulated, irregular margin, rough and wrinkled colony on nutrient agar media. 4. There were no differences between both colony types in the physiological and serological test. 5. Both of smooth and rough colony type strains showed genetic reliability through more than 100 succeeding cultures on the media, and were stable to various chemicals such as 1 to 3 percent of NaCl, 5 kinds of organic acid and 4 kinds of antibiotics.

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Formation and Characteristics of Oidia in Flammulina velutipes (팽이버섯 분열자의 생성원인 및 특성)

  • Kim, Young-Ho;Kong, Won-Sik;Kim, Kyung-Soo;You, Chang-Hyun;Kim, Han-Kyoung;Sung, Jae-Mo;Ryu, Young-Jin;Kim, Kwang-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.26 no.2 s.85
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    • pp.187-193
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    • 1998
  • The effects of medium, incubation temperature, incubation period, pH of medium and $CO_2$ ondition during mycelial growth were investigated to study the factors associated with the formation of oidia in Flammulina velutipes. Oidia formation was increased when mycelial growth was poor, while oidia formation was inhibited in optimum condition of mycelial growth. Mating type of oidia was investigated to examine the effect of oidia formation on dikaryotic strain. Di-mon matings between oidia strains and original dikaryotic strain were carried out. Monokaryotic strains derived from oidia showed only one genotype. Seventy percent among Dimon mating strains showed slow mycelial growth and low yield of fruit-body, but others showed similar or high mycelial growth and yields in comparision with original dikaryon strain. One strain from di-mon mating demonstrated some differences in isozyme band pattern.

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The Influence of Pre-compression on the Shear Characteristics of Cohesive Soil (선행압축(先行壓縮)이 점성토(粘性土)의 전단특성(剪斷特性)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Kang, Yea Mook;Park, Heon Young
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.277-291
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    • 1983
  • In order to investigate the shear characteristics of earth structure after construction. Four sample soils with different gradation were selected and compacted under the optimum moisture content and the maximum dry density. And the direct shear test and the triaxial compression test were performed with those sample soils under various pre-compression loads. The results were summarized as follows; 1. With the increase of the percent passing of No. 200 sieve, the cohesion of soil increased regularly and the internal friction angle of soil decreased with slow ratio. 2. The pre-compression increased the shear strength of compacted cohesive soil. The increase of cohesion was very apparent but the internal friction angle didn't show such regular tendency. 3. With the increase of pre-compression load, the slope of stress-strain curve showed steep at the early stage of horizontal strain. The vertical strain was small at the compression stage and big at the expansion stage. 4. When the vertical stress of shear test with increase in the horizontal strain was small, stress ratio(shear stress vs. vertical stress) of sample showed the largest value and the slope of stress ratio curve showed also steep. 5. When the sample was had the same condition, the cohesion of soil showed bigger value in the triaxial compression test and the internal friction angle of soil showed bigger value in the direct shear test.

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Isolation and Phylogenetic Characteristics of Exopolysaccharide Producing Bacteria in a Rhizosphere Soil of Medicinal Herbs (약초 근권토양 내 다당 생성세균 분리 및 계통학적 특성)

  • Lee, Hae-Ran;Kim, Ki-Kwhang;Whang, Kyung-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.278-285
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    • 2010
  • We examined the distribution of exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing bacteria population in rhizosphere soils of domestic medicinal herbs; Angelica sinensis, Atractytodes japonica, Achyranthes japonica, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and Astragalus membranaceus. Fifty-six percent of the total isolates from rhizosphere soil of Angelica sinensis were EPS producing bacteria, suggesting the dominance of EPS producing bacteria in rhizosphere soil of Angelica sinensis. EPS producing bacteria were enumerated in root system (rhizosphere soil, rhizoplane, inside of root) of Angelica sinensis. Bacterial density of rhizosphere soil, rhizoplane, and inside of root were distributed $9.0{\times}10^6CFU/g{\cdot}soil$, $7.0{\times}10^6CFU/g{\cdot}soil$, and $1.4{\times}10^3CFU/g{\cdot}soil$, respectively. EPS producing bacteria from rhizosphere soil were categorized into five major phylogenetic groups: Alphaproteobacteria (4 strains), Betaproteobacteria (6 strains), Firmicutes (2 strains), Actinobacteria (3 strains), and Bacteroidetes (1 strain) subdivisions. Also, the EPS producing isolates from rhizoplane were distributed as 7 strains in Alphaproteobacteria, 3 strains in Betaproteobacteria, 2 strains in Actinobacteria, 3 strains in Bacteroidetes, and 1 strain in Acidobacteria subdivisions. All of the EPS producing bacteria inside of root belong to genus Chitinophaga. Burkholderia caribiensis DR14, Terriglobus sp. DRP35, and Rhizobium hainanense SAP110 were selected in 112 EPS producing bacteria. These appeared to have produced high levels of exopolysaccharide 6,555 mpa.s, 3,275 mpa.s, and 1,873 mpa.s, respectively. The purified EPS was analyzed Bio-LC. As neutral sugars, glucose, galactose, mannose were detected and as amino sugars, galactosamine and glucosamine were detected. Especilally, analysis of Bio-LC showed that Rhizobium hainanense SAP110 produced glucose (60~89%) and glucosamine (8.5%) as major neutral sugar and amino sugar, respectively.

Effects of Boliing, Steaming, and Chemical Treatment on Solid Wood Bending of Quercus acutissima Carr. and Pinus densiflora S. et. Z. (자비(煮沸), 증자(蒸煮) 및 약제처리(藥劑處理)가 상수리나무와 소나무의 휨가공성(加工性)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • So, Won-Tek
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.19-62
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    • 1985
  • This study was performed to investigate: (i) the bending processing properties of silk worm oak (Quercus acutissima Carr.) and Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) by boiling and steaming treatments; (ii) the effects of interrelated factors - sapwood and heartwood, annual ring placement, softening temperature and time, moisture content. and wood defects on bending processing properties; (iii) the changing rates of bending radii after release from a tension strap, and (iv) the improving methods of bending process by treatment with chemicals. The size of specimens tested was $15{\times}15{\times}350mm$ for boiling and steaming treatments and $5{\times}10{\times}200mm$ for treatments with chemicals. The specimens were green for boiling treatments and dried to 15 percent for steaming treatments. The specimens for treatments with chemicals were soaked in saturated urea solution, 35 percent formaldehyde solution, 25 percent polyethylene glycol -400 solution, and 25 percent ammonium hydroxide solution for 5 days and immediately followed the bending process, respectively. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The internal temperature of silk worm oak and Korean red pine by boiling and steaming time was raised slowly to $30^{\circ}C$ but rapidly from $30^{\circ}C$ to $80-90^{\circ}C$ and then slowly from $80-90^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. 2. The softening time required to the final temperature was directly proportional to the thickness of specimen. The time required from $25^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$ for 15mm-squared specimen was 9.6-11.2 minutes in silk worm oak and 7.6-8.1 minutes in Korean red pine. 3. The moisture content (M.C.) of specimen by steaming time was increased rapidly first 4 minutes in the both species, and moderately from 4 to 20 minutes and then slowly and constantly in silk worm oak, and moderately from 4 to 15 minutes and then slowly and constantly in Korean red pine. The M.C. of 15mm-squared specimen in 50 minutes of steaming was increased to 18.0 percent in the oak and 22.4 percent in the pine from the initial conditioned M.C. of 15 percent The rate of moisture adsorption measured was therefore faster in the pine than in the oak. 4. The mechanical properties of the both species were decreased significantly with the increase of boiling rime. The decrement by the boiling treatment for 60 minutes was measured to 36.6-45.0 percent in compressive strength, 12.5-17.5 percent in tensile strength, 31.6-40.9 percent in modulus of rupture, and 23.3-34.6 percent in modulus of elasticity. 5. The minimum bending radius (M.B.R.) of sapwood and heartwood was 60-80 mm and 90 mm in silk worm oak, and 260 - 300 mm and 280 - 300 mm in Korean red pine, respectively. Therefore, the both species showed better bending processing properties in sapwood than in heartwood. 6. The M.B.R. of edge-grained and flat-grained specimen in suk worm oak was 60-80 mm, but the M.B.R. in Korean red pine was 240-280 mm and 260-360 mm, respectively. Comparing the M.B.R. of edge-grained with flat-grained specimen, in the pine the edge-grained showed better bending processing property than the flat-grained. 7. The bending processing properties of the both species were improved by the rising of softening temperature from $40^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. The minimum softening temperature for bending was $90^{\circ}C$ in silk worm oak and $80^{\circ}C$ in Korean red pine, and the dependency of softening temperature for bending was therefore higher in the oak than in the pine. 8. The bending processing properties of the both species were improved by the increase of softening time as well as temperature, but even after the internal temperature of specimen reaching to the final temperature, somewhat prolonged softening was required to obtain the best plastic conditions. The minimum softening time for bending of 15 mm-squared silk worm oak and Korean red pine specimen was 15 and 10 minutes in the boiling treatment, and 30 and 20 minutes in the steaming treatment, respectively. 9. The optimum M.C. for bending of silk worm oak was 20 percent, and the M.C. above fiber saturation point rather degraded the bending processing property, whereas the optimum M.C. of Korean red pine needed to be above 30 percent. 10. The bending works in the optimum conditions obtained as seen in Table 24 showed that the M.B.R. of silk worm oak and Korean red pine was 80 mm and 240 mm in the boiling treatment, and 50 mm and 280 mm in the steaming treatment, respectively. Therefore, the bending processing property of the oak was better in the steaming than in the boiling treatment, but that of the pine better in the boiling than in the steaming treatment. 11. In the bending without a tension strap, the radio r/t of the minimum bending radius t to the thickness t of silk worm oak and Korean red pine specimen amounted to 16.0 and 21.3 in the boiling treatment, and 17.3 and 24.0 in the steaming treatment, respectively. But in the bending with a tension strap, the r/t of the oak and the pine specimen decreased to 5.3 and 16.0 in t he boiling treatment, and 3.3 and 18.7 in the steaming treatment, respectively. Therefore, the bending processing properties of the both species were significantly improved by the strap. 12. The effect of pin knot on the degradation of bending processing property was very severe in silk worm oak by side, e.g. 90 percent of the oak specimens with pin knot on the concave side were ruptured when bent to a 100 mm radius but only 10 percent of the other specimens with pin knot on the convex side were ruptured. 13. The changing rate in the bending radius of specimen bent to a 300 mm radius after 30 days of exposure to room temperature conditions was measured to 4.0-10.3 percent in the boiling treatment and 13,0-15.0 percent in the steaming treatment. Therefore, the degree of spring back after release was higher in the steaming than in the boiling treatment. And the changing rate of moisture-proofing treated specimen by expoxy resin coating was only -1.0.0 percent. 14. Formaldehyde, 35 percent solution, and 25 percent polyethylene glycol-400 solution found no effect on the plasticization of the both species, but saturated urea solution and 25 percent ammonium hydroxide solution found significant effect in comparison to non-treated specimen. But the effect of the treatment with chemicals alone was inferior to that of the steaming treatment, and the steaming treatment after the treatment with chemicals improved 10-24 percent over the bending processing property of steam-bent specimen. 15. Three plasticity coefficients - load-strain coefficient, strain coefficient, and energy coefficient - were evaluated to be appropriate for the index of bending processing property because the coefficients had highly significant correlation with the bending radius. The fitness of the coefficients as the index was good at load-strain coefficient, energy coefficient, and strain coefficient, in order.

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The effect of local rifampicin instillation on the treatment of suppurative BCG lymphadenitis (BCG 접종에 따른 화농성 림프절염의 rifampicin 국소투여 효과)

  • Kim, Min Son;Jo, Dae Sun;Kang, Mi Kyung;Kim, Sang Jae;Kim, Jung Soo
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.40-45
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    • 2006
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the types of lymphadenitis after BCG vaccination and the effect of local rifampicin instillation on the treatment of suppurative BCG lymphadenitis. Methods : A total of 32 otherwise healthy infants with suppurative BCG lymphadenitis, who visited the Department of Pediatrics of Chonbuk National University Hospital, from March 2002 through June 2004, were enrolled in this study. They were treated with needle aspiration and local rifampicin instillation. We investigated the time the lymphadenitis took to be suppurative, accompanying clinical manifestations, and the treatment effects. Results : Of the 32 infants, 19 were male and 13 were female. They were full term babies and one preterm baby with a gestational age of 30 weeks. They received intradermal administration, with the BCG vaccine of $Pasteur^{(R)}$(French) strain mostly on the left deltoid area(96.9 percent). Regional lymphadenitis occurred in 1 to 11 months after BCG vaccination, mostly 1-5 months after vaccination (78.1 percent). Among the infants, 87.5 percent had unilocular lesion but 12.5 percent had more than one enlarged lymph node cares. Most of the lymphadenitis presented in the left axillary area(77.8 percent), and the left supuraclavicular area(11.1 percent). After one to three times of needle aspiration with rifampin instillation, all infants recovered completely without surgical excision or severe complication. Conclusion : The regional lymphadenitis is the most common complication in infants who receive intradermal BCG vaccination. This study supports that in suppurative BCG lymphadenitis the needle aspiration and local rifampicin instillation is very effective and can be a more economical treatment modality.

Construction of Plasmids for Overproduction of L-Phenylalanine (L-페닐알라닌 대량생산을 위한 재조합 플라스미드 구성)

  • Lee, Sae-Bae;Park, Chung;Won, Chan-Hee;Choi, Duk-Ho;Lim, Bun-San
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.169-173
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    • 1990
  • For the overproduction of L-phenylalanine using Escherichia coli, the authors constructed various recombinant plasmids including pMW 10, pMW 11 and pMW 12. The $aroF{FR}$ and $pheA^{FR}$ genes for the production of L-phenylalanine were isolated from Escherichia coli MWEC 101-5 strains. The productivity and atability of Escherichia coli regulatory mutants containing recombinant plasmids were investigated to evaluate the efficiency of the $aroF^{FR}$ and $pheA^{FR}$ genes. The MWEC 101-5/pMW 11 strain produced 24.3g/l of L-phenylalanine while its stability was 73.8 percent. The specific activity of prephenate dehydratase in the MWEC 101-5/pMW 11 strain increased by 26-fold compared with that of Escherichia coli K-12.

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Antimicrobial resistance and distribution of tetracycline resistance determinants in Escherichia coli isolated from aquatic birds (수생조류에서 분리한 대장균의 항균제 내성 및 Tetracycline 내성인자의 분포)

  • Cho, Jae-Keun;Lee, Sang-Min;Kim, Ki-Seuk
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.48 no.3
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    • pp.295-303
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    • 2008
  • One hundred and sixty nine Escherichia (E.) coli strains isolated from fecal samples of aquatic birds in Geumho river basin and Dalseong park were tested by agar dilution method to determine their susceptibility patterns to 14 antimicrobial agents. The distribution of tetracycline resistance determinants (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD and tetE) were also examined by PCR in 76 tetracycline-resistant ($TC^r$) E. coli isolates. The high resistance was observed in tetracycline, cephalothin and ampicillin (45.0~36.7%). Resistance of E. coli isolates derived from Dalseong park to tetracycline, cephalothin, ampicillin and streptomycin (65.7~44.8%) were significantly higher than those isolated from Geumho river basin (31.4~14.7%). About seventy percent (70.4%) of the strains isolated were resistant to one or more drugs tested. Thirty (39.5%) of 76 $TC^r$ E. coli isolates which were resistant to one or more drugs transferred all or a part of their resistance patterns to the recipient strain of E.coli J53 by conjugation. All of $TC^r$ E. coli isolates contained at least one or more of 5 tet genes examined. The most common genes found in these isolates were tetA (60.6%) and followed by tetB (7.9%) and tetC (1.3%). However, tetD and tetE were not found in any of the isolates tested. Twenty one (27.6%) of $TC^r$ E. coli isolates had two determinants, tetA/tetB (20 strains), tetA/tetC (1 strain). And two strains (2.6%) contained three determinants (tetA/tetB/tetC).

Transformation of Bacillus stearothermophilus No. 236 by Changing Incubation Temperature after Electroporation

  • Ha, Gyong-Sik;Kim, Joon;Choi, Yong-Jin
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.9 no.5
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    • pp.687-690
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    • 1999
  • Bacillus stearothermophilus No. 236 isolated from the soil is a strong xylan degrader producing all the xylanolytic enzymes. However, the strain was discovered to be highly intractable to its transformation. In the present study, we have developed a reliable method for transformation of B. stearothermophilus No. 236 by a systematic examination of several factors which might have an influence on the efficiency of electrotransformation. Notably, we found that the most critical factor influencing the transformation efficiency (TE) was the incubation temperature after pulsing, with its optimum incubation of $37^{\circ}C.\; At\; 50^{\circ}C$, the optimum growth temperature of the B. stearothermophilus strain, the transformants could not be obtained at a recognizable level. The combination of field strength of 7.5 kV/cm along with pulse duration of 10 msec (resistance of $400{\Omega}\; and\; capacitance\; of\; 25{\mu}F$) was shown to be the best electrical parameters at the incubation temperature of $37^{\circ}$. A higher TE was obtained when the cells were harvested at an early-exponential phase. Twenty percent of PEG-8000 in a suspension buffer and an addition of 0.1% glycine in the growth medium resulted in about 4-fold and 3-fold increases in TE, respectively. We also found that the plasmid DNA which had been cycled through the host B. stearothermophilus cells enhanced TE by one order of magnitude higher. Under the presently described conditions, $2.5{\times}10^{5} transformants per ${\mu}g$ DNA was attained.

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