• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

This study is to evaluate the per capita accessibility to child care facilities using road map in rural village unit considering the supply and demand of child care facilities in municipal (Si-Gun) units. Using these estimated accessibility, the most accessible regions to child care facilities was identifies using Moran's index. Assuming establish a new child care facility in the most accessible region, the sensitivity of child care environment was analyzed. The number of regions are 71 si-gun-gu where supply of child care facilities is insufficient. The average accessibility per capita is 1.09 km to child care facilities and the average accessibility in Myeon unit is approximately 2.2 times higher than accessibility in Eup unit (Eup unit 0.54 km, Myeon unit 1.21 km). Approach tendency from village to child care facilities has positive relationship as 0.451 global Moran's index. The high-high (H-H) accessibility regions are wide as Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeollanam-do and Chungcheongbuk-do. Assumed to be established the new child care facilities in Yangyang-gun (Ganwon-do), accessibility changes of child care environment are up to 2.7 times greater and the recipient population is 77% of Yangyang-gun.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 1996

Acylated chitosan derivatives with several kind of acyl chain length were synthesized. Using trough, monolayers of the acylated chitosan derivatives were formed. Limiting area per glucose unit and temperature dependence of $\pi-A$ curves were determined. Multilayers were prepared by horizontal dipping method.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.101-111
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the indiscriminate development occuring as a result of high-density land use per lot in residential areas of Seoul, which mainly consist of detached houses. The primary goals of this study were: (1) to suggest a block unit development method as an alternative architectural method of the current uniform development, in which high-rise and high-density apartments are usually built; and (2) to check the feasibility of the suggested method. Based on the analyses of the existing block composition types of residential areas, the prerequisite planning indices for applying a collective housing model were investigated. Subsequent to applying a collective housing type within each unit block, the collective housing model was analyzed. The results of the analyses showed that indiscriminate development was rampant in detached urban houses areas, and more than 70% of the buildings constructed before the 1980s needed re-development. The feasibility of the models was investigated depending on the models of low-rise and high-density collective housing, which utilize various block arrangements such as the court type, linear type, villa type, and composite type. The results of this study showed that the newly applied low-rise and highdensity multiple dwelling housing model in urban individual residential area significantly contributed to creating a good living environment in terms of both physical and psychological aspects.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1701-1715
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• 2016

This study is a basic investigation of the contents and services relevant to the domestic vacation house business. In which, the trade scale, types of housing, and environmental conditions of various property locations were analyzed. The characteristics of properties listed on the Japanese website that conducts the greatest volume of vacation house trade in Japan were examined, and the following results were obtained: Villa areas, villas, and resort condos (resort mansions) are the three basic types of properties handled in the vacation house trade. In this market, sales per unit in villa areas and per spaces in resort condos accounted for the highest volume of trade, followed by that of villas (individual houses). In terms of land area, floor area, and sales price per house type, the relatively cheaper small and medium-sized vacation houses are more frequently traded, than expensive large-scale villas. In particular, small multi-family type villas (such as in resort condos) are the most popular. Land and floor area, and sales prices all show considerable variation depending on the type of property considered. Therefore, a business initiative to provide a more detailed classification of properties is required. In terms of the environment of vacation properties, most are located on coasts, plateaus, or inland mountains, and are generally within three-hours' traveling distance of large cities.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.159-176
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• 1996

This study is aimed at reviewing the methods of joint cost allocation and allocating the joint cost of estuary dam with specially repect to Kumgang Large-scale Agricultural Comprehensive Development Project. Apart from the water resource development project propelled by Water Resource Development Corporation in connection with Law of Multipurpose Dam Development, the Largescale Comprehensive Agricultural Development Projects couldn't ins-titutionally be carried out cost allocation of common facilities, even though it were concerned with irrigation, municipal and industrical water supply, flood control, sightseeing and industrial zone development components. To decrease farmer's burden of the project costs and, operation and maintenance costs, the joint costs of common facilities like estuary dam included in agricultural development projects have to be allocated by suitable method as alternative cost-remaining benefit method and the analytical activity should be supported by revising the concerned laws as Rural Development and Promotion and, Rural Rearrangement conpatible with the law for multipurpose dam development. Kumgang Agricultural Comprehensive Development Project was selected as a case study for the estimation of socio-economic benefits by project components and joint cost allocation of the estuary dam. The main results of the study are as follows; Joint cost allocation and unit charges by components 1. The project area will be 25,554ha with total project cost of 624,860 million won including the estuary dam cost of 120,843 million won. The project costs were ex-pressed by 1994 constant price. 2. Total quantity of water was estimated 365 million tons which were consisted of 245 million tons for irrigation, 73 million tons for municipal water and 47 million tons for industrial water. 3. The rates of joint cost allocation were amounted to 34.2% for agriculture, 2.5% for sightseeing, 45.7% for transportation, 11.8% for M & I water supply and 5.8% for flood control respectively. 4. The unit financial charges by project components were estimated at 7.88 won per ton for irrigation, 16.11won for M & I water, 1,686won per vehicle one pass, 977won per Pyeong according to the capital recovery method. The financial charges using straitline method for depreciation were estimated at 7.88won per ton for irrigation, 9.12won per ton for M & I water, 624won per vehicle one pass for transportation and 331won per Pyeong for sightseeing area. 5. The unit economic charges by project components were estimated at 21.1 won per ton for irrigation, 15.2won for M & I water, 977won per vehicle one pass, 977won per Pyeong according to the capital recovery method. The economic charges using straitline method for depreciation were estimated at 11.72won per ton for irrigation, 8.61won per ton for M & I water, 331won per vehicle one pass for transportation. Policy recommendation 1. The unit operation and maintenance costs for irrigation water in the paddy field couldn't be imposed as the water resource cost untreated. 2. The dam costs including investment cost and O & M cost, as a joint cost, had to be allocated by each benefited components as transportation, M & I water supply, flood control, irrigation and drainage, and sightseeing. But the agricultural comprehensive project have been dealt as an irrigation project without any appraisal socio-economic benefits and any allocating the joint cost of estuary dam. 3. All the associated project benefits and costs must be evaluated based on accounting principle and rent recovery rate of the project costs and O & M costs should be regulated by the laws concerned. 4. The rural development and promotion law and rural rearrangement law have to be revised comprising joint cost allocation considering free rider problems. 5. The government subsidy for the agricultural base development project has to be covered all the project costs. In case of common facilities representing joint cost allocation problems, all the allocated casts for other purposes like transportation and M & I water supply etc. should be recovered for formation in investment fund for agricultural base development and to procure O & M costs for irrigation facilities.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.441-448
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• 2016

The study aims to explore the problems of analysis unit when examining management performance and efficiency using DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis). Generally the DEA results depend on input, output, and analysis units. We used data from Park (2012) which analyze paddy farmers in Jeonnam province. Results show that data from farm household unit was well fitted to examine management efficiency, not data from per area unit. This study will be helpful for researchers and practitioners to understand proper analysis unit when using the DEA for enhancing farm competitiveness.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.145-150
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• 2007

Optical communication according to request of technology of communications and optical fiber to be full filed faster communication and pass over transmission capacity limit per unit area, per unit hour appeared, and this optical fiber acts the biggest role to influence performance of optical communication network. Optical fiber(PMF Polarization Maintaining Fiber) is used, and is used by electric field measurement, self-discipline measurement, sensor(Sensor) Department by high definition measure such as thermometry and storehouse component that use because make broad sense status and polarized light information in passageway and union with storehouse integrated circuit etc. that use broad sense interference developing could transmit in state that keep transmitting broad sense plane of polarization is polarized light existence. Also, research is developed by optical fiber for Coherent communication recently.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.67-83
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to analyze the differences in the publicness indices depending on the environmental factors of regional public hospitals to derive the policy implications for improving management for regional public hospitals. The data of the 34 regional public hospitals from 2016 was used for the analysis. Major results of this study are as follows. First, the analysis of the differences in the scores of the medical safety net function showed significantly higher scores for regional public hospitals with a larger location, a larger number of hospitals in a unit area, a larger number of nurses per 100 beds, and the lower management fee ratio. Second, the analysis of the differences in the scores of the unmet healthcare needs showed significantly higher scores for regional public hospitals with a larger number of hospitals in a unit area, and a larger number of beds. Third, the analysis of the differences in the scores of the hospital-specialized services showed significantly higher scores for regional public hospitals with a larger location, a higher financial independence of the local government, a larger number of hospitals in a unit area, a larger number of beds, and a larger number of nurses per 100 beds. Major conclusions of this study are as follows. Consideration should be given to the appropriate number of nurses for each regional public hospital to maximize publicness by providing the appropriate amount of medical services, but not to incur unnecessary labor costs. In addition, efforts should be made to enhance profitability, which can be a means of strengthening publicness, by identifying the minimum administrative expenses required for efficient operation and reducing unnecessary administrative expenses. Finally, it is necessary to identify the appropriate number of beds to meet the needs of the customers and to create maximum profits.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.174-180
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• 2014

Experimental study of liquid nitrogen pool spread is carried out when it is continuously released. The liquid nitrogen spreads over a cement mortar plate with continuous release. Evaporation rate per unit area of the liquid nitrogen is measured using a digital balance, and a spreading distance of the liquid pool is measured by thermocouples. It is discovered that the evaporation rate per unit area of liquid nitrogen tends to decrease as the liquid pool spreads.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.51-87
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• 1987

The incorporation of ³H-proline by epithelial and connective tissue elements of rat palatal mucosae was studied in order to investigate the relative levels of protein synthesis by the epithelium and underlying connective tissue cells. Following a sixty minutes incorporation of the radioactive tracer in vitro, it was found that the suprabasal cells had most grains per unit area. Furthermore, the grains were more concentrated over the cytoplasm than the nucleus. This was in contrast with the labeling of basal cells which had twice as many grains over the nucleoplasm than that over the cytoplasm. In intermediate cells; i.e., the spinous layer, the number of silver grains per unit area was decreased from that of the suprabasal cells. In areas where desmosomes were more prominent, many grains were in touch with such desmosomes. However, the labeling appeared to be reduced as soon as the cells became flattened. Moreover, the epidermal keratohyalin granules were relatively free of grains. Except for certain intercellular surfaces the keratinized cells were generally free of grains. On the connective tissue side, silver grains were primarily localized over the fibroblasts with occasional grains being found over palatal muscle cells, neural elements and so on. Most grains over collagenous fibers were found in relation to mature collagen fibrils. Thus, protein synthesis in isolated mucosae of the rat palate appeared to take place both in epithelial and connective elements. There were no apparent tissue alterations caused by the in vitro incorporation procedure utilized under conditions of this study.