• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.125-140
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of compost mixed with microorganism compost fermented for the production of high quality plug seedlings of tomato and red pepper. The results are summarized as follows. As a result of compost analysis, EC value was increased with increment of microorganism compost supplemented but lowered gradually in the late period of seedlings growth, pH value of microorganism compost fermented was 9.3 which is strong alkalinity. In the plot of 30 percent of microorganism compost fermented early growth of tomato seedlings was better in terms of plant height, leaf area and total dry weight. However, early growth of red pepper seedlings was shown in the plot of supplemented with 20 percent of microorganism compost fermented. The higher the mixing rate over 60 percent of micrroganism compost fermented to the soil used retarded the seedlings growth regardless of tomato and red pepper.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2013

This study evaluated the influence of light quality and intensity during healing and acclimatization on the $CO_2$ exchange rate, growth, and morphogenesis of grafted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) transplants, using a system for the continuous measurement of the $CO_2$ exchange rate. C. annuum L. 'Nokkwang' and 'Tantan' were used as scions and rootstocks, respectively. Before grafting, the transplants were grown for four weeks in a growth chamber with artificial light, where the temperature was set at $25/18^{\circ}C$ (light/dark period) and the light period was 14 hours $d^{-1}$. The grafted pepper transplants were then healed and acclimatized under different light quality conditions using fluorescent lamps (control) and red, blue, and red + blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). All the transplants were irradiated for 12 hours per day, for six days, at a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 50, 100, or 180 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. The higher PPF levels increased the $CO_2$ exchange rate during the healing and acclimatization. A smaller increase in the $CO_2$ exchange rates was observed in the transplants under red LEDs. At a PPF of 180 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, the $CO_2$ exchange rate of the transplants irradiated with red LEDs was lowest and it was 37% lower than those irradiated with fluorescent lamps. The $CO_2$ exchange rates of transplants irradiated with blue LEDs was the highest and 20% higher than those irradiated under fluorescent lamps. The graft take was not affected by the light quality. The grafted pepper transplants irradiated with red LEDs had a lower SPAD value, leaf dry weight, and dry matter content. The transplants irradiated with blue LEDs had longer shoot length and heavier stem fresh weight than those irradiated with the other treatments. Leaves irradiated with the red LED had the smallest leaf area and showed leaf epinasty. In addition, the palisade and spongy cells of the pepper leaves were dysplastic and exhibited hyperplasia. Grafted pepper transplants treated with red + blue LEDs showed similar growth and morphology to those transplants irradiated with fluorescent lamps. These results suggest that high-quality grafted pepper transplants can be obtained by healing and acclimatization under a combination of blue and red lights at a high PPF level.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.203-208
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• 2009

In order to elucidate the effect of spreader-stickers on the rainfastness of dithianon and chlorothalonil wettable powders, and to estimate the possibility of suggesting good new formulations, the fungicide residues on the leaf surface of hot pepper was assessed and compared after the drop-wise applications of fungicide suspensions containing spreader-sticker on leaf surface followed by artificial raining. Three commercial spreader-stickers, which were Cover, Reitron and Silwet, not only made the rainfastness of dithianon wettable powders worse on hot pepper leaf, but increasing their concentrations also accelerated it further. On the other hand, to chlorothalonil wettable powder, Reitron showed the 3-fold improvement of rainfastness. But, for the rest, there was no improvement as well. The effect of N-octylpyrrolidone (NOP) on rainfastness of both fungicides was excellent. Soybean oil formulations containing leaf-penetrable nonionic surfactant, which was either polyoxyethylene monotridecyl ether or polyoxyethylene monolauryl ether, improved dithianon rainfastness, but the ones containing conventional emulsifiers did not.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 1986

This experiment was conducted to find out the optimum fertilization level and topping depth for flue-cured tobacco in the fields which chinese cabbage and red-pepper were cultivated. The fertilization level were 0, 25, 50, 75kg per l0a as tobacco compound fertilizer and the topping depth were topping floral axis, topping under the second leaf frp, axos and the fourth leaf from floral axis. In order to product good quality tobacco leaves in the fields which vegetables were cultivated, the optimum amount of tobacco compound fertilizer was recommended 50-75kg per l0a for the field of the chinese cabbage cultivated. and 75kg per l0a for the field of the red-pepper cultivated. The optimum topping depth was desirable at topping under second leaf from floral axis for good leaf quality in chinese cabbage and red-pepper cultured field.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2015

This study was carried out to develop the economic thresholds for powdery mildew on pepper. To investigate the relationship between powdery mildew incidence degree and yield, experimental plots with ten treatments as initial disease degree were established. Disease intensity exhibited negative and significant correlation with fruit characters like fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight. The adverse effect of the disease on these characteristics was low yield, exhibiting significant negative correlation with disease intensity. There existed close correlation between rate of infected leaf area and yields in the plastic house (Chonhatongil: Y = -3.44X+291.09 $R^2=0.73$, Buchon: Y = -2.14X+327.9 $R^2=0.78$). There existed close correlation between rate of infected leaf area and yield loss in the plastic house (Chonhatongil: Y = 2.14X+15.45 $R^2=0.76$ $r=0.87^{**}$, Buchon: Y = 3.44X+114.21 $R^2=0.73$ $r=0.85^{**}$). Control thresholds diseased rate on powdery mildew of pepper was below 3.2 to 7.3% rate of infected leaf area per plant in the plastic house. The economic thresholds for powdery mildew of pepper was below 3.8 to 6.2% rate of infected leaf area per plant in the plastic house.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2011

This research was carried out to investigate relationship between underground part environment control and growth or yield of sweet pepper in greenhouse as affected by covering materials. Daily amount of applied nutrient solution for research period in the greenhouse of plasticfilm house was more 1.6 times than that in glass house. But daily absorptance rate of nutrient solution and specific electrical conductance of rockwool between two greenhouses were not different in the range of 71.3-73.3% and $4.17{\sim}4.23dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ respectively. Leaf area of sweet pepper, in leaf growth characteristics in two greenhouses, were $123.0cm^2$/leaf (in glass house) and $119.5cm^2$/leaf (in plasticfilm house), but the another (fresh and dry weight, dry matter) were not different. But weekly yield per square meter in glass house was more 1.3 times than that in plasticfilm house as $850g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ and $650g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, respectively. Effect of slab EC and absorptance rate of nutrient solution on leaf growth characteristics and yield between two greenhouses were not different. The results show when sweet pepper is cultured in greenhouse as affected by covering materials and above ground part environment, the plant growth and yield are little affected by underground part environment.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 2003

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M. cv. ‘Momotarou’) and hot pepper seedlings (Capsicum annuum L. cv. 'Nockkwang')were grown under the 24h photopeliod (12 hrs light period: 12 hrs dark period) and 6 h photoperiod (3 hrs light period: 3hrs dark period). As a result of this experiment, the following details were observed. Plant height, leaf area, total dry weight, and leaf chlorophyll content decreased in case of tomato seedlings when they were given 6 h photoperiod. But the same effect was not observed in case of hot pepper seedlings. The photoperiod, however, did not produce any significant effect on the uptake of N, P, K, Mg and Ca ions in their nutrient solutions with the exception of their Fe. On thc 10th day of treatment, leaf chlorosis started to become visible in tomato seedlings and at the same time the uptake of Fe went down when the 6h photoperiod was applied to both tomato and hot pepper scedlings. In addition to this phenomenon, the sucrose content in leaf increased in case of tomato plants which were treated with 6 h photoperiod; on the other hand, their glucose content was observed to have decreased.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.632-640
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• 2021

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) causes severe economic loss in crop productivity of both agriculture and horticulture crops in Korea. The previous surveys showed that naturally available biopolymer material - chitosan (CS), which is from shrimp cells, reduced CMV accumulation on pepper. To improve the antiviral activity of CS, it was synthesized to form phosphate cross-linked chitosan (PCS) and compared with the original CS. Initially, the activity of CS and PCS (0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% concentration) compound against PMMoV infection and replication was tested using a half-leaf assay on Nicotiana glutinosa leaves. The total number of local lesions represented on a leaf of N. glutinosa were counted and analyzed with phosphate buffer treated leaves as a negative control. The leaves treated with a 0.1% concentration of CS or PCS compounds exhibited an inhibition effect by 40-75% compared with the control leaves. The same treatment significantly reduced about 40% CMV accumulation measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and increased the relative expression levels of the NPR1, PR-1, cysteine protease inhibitor gene, LOX, PAL, SRC2, CRF3 and ERF4 genes analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in chili pepper plants.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.2138-2140
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• 2016

The goal of this study was to identify a source of natural plant compounds with inhibitory activity against pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). We showed, using a half-leaf assay, that murrayafoline-A (1) and isomahanine (2) isolated from the aerial parts of Glycosmis stenocarpa have inhibitory activity against PMMoV through curative, inactivation, and protection effects. Using a leaf-disk assay, we confirmed that 2 inhibited virus replication in Nicotiana benthamiana. Using electron microscopy, we found that a mixture of the virus with 2 resulted in damage to the rod-shaped virus.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.222-224
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• 2011

The effects of seawater on growth of lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.), leaf perilla(Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara), red pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) and cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings were investigated in the glass greenhouse. These effects were studied on seedlings, and diluted seawater (1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 100% v/v) was sprayed enough on leaves. The tested four vegetable crops have well grown up to 10% diluted seawater, but the tested vegetable crops were damaged from increasing salt levels. Of these, lettuce was provided salt-tolerant vegetable crop and red pepper was considered salt-sensitive vegetable crop. The salt tolerance of vegetable crops is different between crops and complicated because of additional detrimental effects caused by accumulated ions or specific ion toxicities in their leaves. These results show that agricultural use of seawater may be benefit crop cultivation in organic farming system as well as in conventional farming system.